Goals and objectives of the study. Understand the reasons for the appearance Understand the reasons for the appearance of oral and written forms of speech. Recall the features of oral and written speech. Recall the features of oral and written speech. Find out how the emergence of these forms of speech is related to the development of human society? Find out how the emergence of these forms of speech is related to the development of human society?

Progress of the study. 1.Remember the features of written and oral speech. 1.Remember the features of written and oral speech. 2. Compare texts in oral 2. Compare texts in oral and written form. and writing. 3. Think about what form of speech was 3. Think about what form of speech was most common at the early- most common at the early stage of human development. the next stage of human development.

Two versus one. Two versus one. I went out into the clearing... and gasped in surprise. At the edge of the clearing there were two hedgehogs. I went out into the clearing... and gasped in surprise. At the edge of the clearing, two hedgehogs fought with a huge boletus. They wanted to knock it down, but the mushroom didn’t give up! That’s great! Well done, boletus! We fought with a huge boletus. They wanted to knock it down, but the mushroom didn’t give up! That’s great! Well done, boletus!

Autumn lamps. Autumn lamps. In this gray aspen forest in the spring, woodcocks used to draw, but now the yellow leaves are flying. IN dark forests the lamps lit up, another leaf against a dark background burns so brightly that it’s even painful to watch. The linden tree is already all black, but one bright leaf remains, hanging like a lantern on an invisible thread and shining. (M. Prishvin.) (M. Prishvin.)

2. Written form of speech: 2. Written form of speech: - strict, complex in form - strict, complex in form - less expressive - less expressive - compliance with literary norms - compliance with literary norms - strict choice of words - strict choice of words - compliance with spelling and punctuation standards. -compliance with spelling and punctuation standards.

Based on the compared texts, we can draw the following conclusion: the oral form of speech was most convenient at the stage of the emergence of society. This is due to the living conditions of people of that time and the development of their thinking. Based on the compared texts, we can draw the following conclusion: the oral form of speech was most convenient at the stage of the emergence of society. This is due to the living conditions of people of that time and the development of their thinking.

Used literature 1. Lvova S.I. Russian language. 6th grade: Manual for students.-M.: Bustard, 1. Lvova S.I. Russian language. 6th grade.: Manual for students.-M.: Bustard, With. 2. Russian language. 6th grade: Lesson notes on speech development. Comp. I.V.Ka - 2. Russian language. 6th grade: Lesson notes on speech development. Comp. I.V. Karaseva. raseva. 3. Russian language. Schoolchildren's reference book 3. Russian language. School student's reference book Compiled by O.V. Galaev; edited by Slavkin.-M.:

Philologist, p. 4. Franklin Folsom Book about language - 4. Franklin Folsom Book about language - Progress Publishing House. Progress Publishing House.

“Written multiplication” - 3. 25 boxes were loaded onto the machine. 2. Complete the following steps: a) 25 96 4 b) 306 8 125. 3) Make the correct pairs. b) Sinbad - The sailor ended up on the island. Division natural numbers. What is the intended number? Then the Donkey and the Goat swapped places. Overcoming the first obstacle brings points to the teams. 7. Riddles.

“Oral counting” - What is shown in the picture? Lesson objectives: Calculate: What numbers are called integers? Continue: And in mathematics? Addition of negative numbers. Solve the equations: What is the distance (in unit segments) between: Calculate orally: Oral counting. Find similarities and differences in expressions: Compare:

“Oral folk art” - Folklore genres. Fairytale “wisdom”: saying, beginning, ending, repetition, constant epithets. Poetic autobiography of the people. Lyrics are a type of literature in which the author expresses his feelings. An oral history that contains information about historical persons and events. Signs of a fairy tale: fiction, entertaining, instructive.

“Oral presentation” - Why are you doing it, what will the listeners get. Internet-friendly – ​​presentation libraries. And it seems to be convenient for distance learning too. 3. Structuring own work. You've seen the "for the user" slide. I give priority to the issues (and people) that are most interesting and important to me. Using Microsoft Power Point (MPP) in oral presentation.

“How did man appear” - And to figure it out for yourself, you need to think together.” (B. Vasiliev). 1. Dryopithecus, 2. Australopithecus. 3. Homo habilis, 4. Homo erectus, 5. Neanderthal, 6. Cro-Magnon. Human evolution. “I need to figure it out myself! Which of our distant ancestors are shown in the picture? How man appeared on Earth.

Oral and written forms of speech.

Speech communication occurs in two forms - oral and written. They are in a complex unity and occupy an important and approximately equal place in speech practice in terms of their importance. In the sphere of production, management, education, law, art, in the means mass media There are both oral and written forms of speech. In real communication conditions, their constant interaction and interpenetration is observed. Any written text can be spoken, i.e. read aloud, and oral - written down using technical means. There are such genres, for example, drama, oratorical works, which are intended specifically for subsequent scoring. And, conversely, in literary works, techniques of stylization for “orality” are widely used: dialogic speech, in which the author seeks to preserve the features of oral spontaneous speech, monologues of characters in the first person, etc. The practice of radio and television has led to the creation of a unique form of oral speech, in which oral and voiced written speech constantly coexist and interact - television interviews.

The basis of written and oral speech is literary speech, which acts as the leading form of existence of the Russian language. Literary speech is speech designed for a conscious approach to the system of means of communication, in which orientation is carried out on certain standardized patterns. It is such a means of communication, the norms of which are fixed as forms of exemplary speech, i.e. they are recorded in grammars, dictionaries, and textbooks. The dissemination of these norms is facilitated by schools, cultural institutions, and mass media. Literary speech is distinguished by its universality in the sphere of functioning. On its basis, scientific essays, journalistic works, business writing, etc. are created. Oral and written forms of speech are independent and have their own characteristics and features.

Oral speech.

Oral speech is any spoken speech. Historically, the oral form of speech is primary; it arose much earlier than writing. The material form of oral speech is sound waves, i.e. pronounced sounds that arise as a result of the activity of the human pronunciation organs. This phenomenon is associated with the rich intonation capabilities of oral speech. Intonation is created by the melody of speech, the intensity (loudness) of speech, duration, increase or decrease in the tempo of speech and the timbre of pronunciation. In oral speech, the place of logical stress, the degree of clarity of pronunciation, and the presence or absence of pauses play an important role. Oral speech has such intonation variety of speech that it can convey all the richness of human experiences, moods, etc.

The perception of oral speech during direct communication occurs simultaneously through both the auditory and visual channels. Oral speech is accompanied, enhancing its expressiveness, by such additional means as the nature of the gaze (wary or open, etc.), the spatial arrangement of the speaker and listener, facial expressions and gestures. A gesture can be likened to an index word (pointing to some object), can express an emotional state, agreement or disagreement, surprise, etc., serve as a means of establishing contact, for example, a raised hand as a sign of greeting.

Irreversibility, the progressive and linear nature of unfolding in time is one of the main properties of oral speech. It is impossible to return to some point in oral speech again, so the speaker is forced to think and speak at the same time, i.e. he thinks as if “on the go”, in connection with this, oral speech may be characterized by sluggishness, fragmentation, division of a single sentence into several communicatively independent units: the secretary’s message to the meeting participants “The director called. He’s delayed. Will be there in half an hour. Start without him.” . On the other hand, the speaker is obliged to take into account the reaction of the listener and strive to attract his attention and arouse interest in the message. Therefore, in oral speech there appears intonation highlighting of important points, underlining, clarification of some parts, auto-commenting, repetitions: “The department carried out a lot of work during the year / yes / I must say / great and important / And educational, and scientific, and methodological / Well / educational/ everyone knows/ Do I need detailed/ educational/ No/ Yes/ I also think/don’t/.

Oral speech can be prepared (report, lecture, etc.) and unprepared (conversation, conversation).

Prepared oral speech is distinguished by thoughtfulness and a clearer structural organization, but at the same time, the speaker, as a rule, strives for his speech to be relaxed, not “memorized,” and to resemble direct communication.

Unprepared oral speech is characterized by spontaneity. An unprepared oral utterance (the basic unit of oral speech, similar to a sentence in written speech) is formed gradually, in portions, as one realizes what has been said, what should be said next, what needs to be repeated, clarified. Therefore, in oral unprepared speech there are many pauses, and the use of pause fillers (words) like uh, um) gives the speaker the opportunity to think about the future. The speaker controls the logical-compositional, syntactic and partially lexical-phraseological levels of the language, i.e. makes sure that his speech is logical and coherent, chooses the appropriate words to adequately express thoughts. Phonetic and morphological levels of language, i.e. pronunciation and grammatical forms are not controlled and are reproduced automatically. Therefore, oral speech is characterized by less lexical precision, short sentence length, limited complexity of phrases and sentences, the absence of participial and adverbial phrases, and the division of a single sentence into several communicatively independent ones.

Oral speech, just like written speech, is standardized and regulated, but the norms of oral speech are completely different. “Many of the so-called flaws of oral speech - the functioning of unfinished statements, the introduction of interruptions, auto-commentators, contactors, reprises, elements of hesitation, etc. - are a necessary condition for the success and effectiveness of the oral method of communication.” The listener cannot retain in memory all the grammatical and semantic connections of the text, and the speaker must take this into account; then his speech will be understood and meaningful. Unlike written speech, which is constructed in accordance with the logical movement of thought, oral speech unfolds through associative additions.

The oral form of speech is assigned to all functional styles of the Russian language, however, it has an advantage in the colloquial and everyday style of speech. The following functional types of oral speech are distinguished: oral scientific speech, oral journalistic speech, types of oral speech in the field of official business communication, artistic speech and colloquial speech. It should be said that colloquial speech influences all types of oral speech. This is expressed in the manifestation of the author’s “I”, the personal principle in speech in order to enhance the impact on the listeners. Therefore, in oral speech, emotionally and expressively colored vocabulary, figurative comparative constructions, phraseological units, proverbs, sayings, and even colloquial elements are used.

Written speech.

Writing is a human-created auxiliary sign system that is used to record sound language and sound speech. At the same time, writing is an independent communication system, which, while performing the function of recording oral speech, acquires a number of independent functions: written speech makes it possible to assimilate the knowledge accumulated by a person and expands the scope of human communication. By reading books and historical documents from different times and peoples, we can touch the history and culture of all mankind. It was thanks to writing that we learned about the great civilizations of Ancient Egypt, Sumerians, Incas, Mayans, etc.

Writing has gone through a long path of historical development from the first notches on trees, rock paintings to the sound-letter type that most people use today, i.e. written language is secondary to oral. Letters used in writing are signs that represent speech sounds. The sound shells of words and parts of words are depicted by combinations of letters; knowledge of the letters allows them to be reproduced in sound form, i.e. read any text. Punctuation marks used in writing serve to divide speech: periods, commas, dashes correspond to intonation pauses in oral speech. This means that letters are the material form of written language.

The main function of written speech is to record oral speech, with the goal of preserving it in space and time. Writing serves as a means of communication between people when direct communication is impossible, when they are separated by space and time. The development of a technical means of communication - the telephone - has reduced the role of writing. The advent of the fax and the spread of the Internet help overcome space and reactivate the written form of speech.

The main property of written speech is the ability to store information for a long time.

Written speech unfolds not in a temporary, but in a static space, which allows the writer to think through the speech, return to what was written, rebuild the text, replace words, etc. In this regard, the written form of speech has its own characteristics:

Written speech uses bookish language, the use of which is quite strictly standardized and regulated. The order of words in a sentence is fixed; inversion (changing the order of words) is not typical for written speech, and in some cases, for example, in texts of an official business style of speech, is unacceptable. The sentence, which is the basic unit of written speech, expresses complex logical and semantic connections through syntax. Written speech is characterized by complex syntactic constructions, participial and participial phrases, common definitions, inserted constructions, etc. When combining sentences into paragraphs, each sentence is strictly related to the preceding and following context.

Written speech is focused on perception by the visual organs, therefore it has a clear structural and formal organization: it has a page numbering system, division into sections, paragraphs, a system of links, font selection, etc.

You can return to a complex text more than once, think about it, comprehend what has been written, having the opportunity to look through this or that passage of text with your eyes.

Written speech is different in that the very form of speech activity definitely reflects the conditions and purpose of communication, for example, a work of art or a description of a scientific experiment, a vacation application or an information message in a newspaper. Consequently, written speech has a style-forming function, which is reflected in the choice of linguistic means that are used to create a particular text. The written form is the main form of existence of speech in scientific, journalistic, official business and artistic styles.

Thus, when talking about the fact that verbal communication occurs in two forms - oral and written, we must keep in mind the similarities and differences between them. The similarity lies in the fact that these forms of speech have a common basis - literary language and in practice occupy approximately equal place. The differences most often come down to the means of expression. Oral speech is associated with intonation and melody, non-verbalism, it uses a certain amount of “its own” linguistic means, it is tied more to the conversational style. The letter uses alphabetic and graphic symbols, often bookish language with all its styles and features.

Subject:Types of speech. Oral and written speech

Target : give an initial idea of ​​oral and written speech and language as a means of verbal communication;

Tasks: learn to practically distinguish between oral and written speech; introduce the words-terms “oral speech”, “written speech” into the children’s active dictionary, teach them to evaluate the results of activities in the lesson.

Planned results: students learn to distinguish between written and spoken language; evaluate your results.

The main forms of organizing students’ cognitive activity:

frontal

individual

Basic teaching methods:partial search, verbal (reproductive method)

Control: self-control, teacher control

During the classes:

Organizing time.

Updating knowledge

1.Challenge, goal setting:

What is speech?

What is speech needed for?

When did you learn to speak?

Why does a person feel the need to speak his native speech, his native language?

Interesting fact : Scientists have calculated that by the age of seven, a child remembers more words than during the rest of his life.

Have you guessed what the topic of our lesson is?

Determine the purpose of the lesson?

(We'll talk about speech today. Let's learn about types of speech)

- How do you understand what speech is and why it is needed? How can you influence with words? (Make you laugh, make you sad, offend)

Conclusion: speech is a means of… communication (children complement)

III Discovery of new knowledge.

1. Updating basic knowledge.

What kind of speech is there? (oral and written)

Why is speech called oral? (From the word mouth)

What kind of speech is called written speech?

What kind of speech do we classify the words in? reading, writing? (to writing)

And the words speaking, listening? (to oral)

Which speech came first?

Which is more important, oral or written? Read it. C.9 and check for correctness.

2. Speech development p.10 exercise 1 – in a whisper – in rows

IV Finger gymnastics

Wrist rotations

Clenching your fingers into a fist, unclenching.

"Let's pet the kitten"

Palm, rib, fist

V A moment of calligraphy

Doing exercise 7 in a printed notebook p.11.

V IWritten work in a notebook.

1.Vocabulary work

-What the cat was wearing: BOOTS

READ exercise 6.

What bird is the speech compared to? SPARROW

Remember the spelling of these words.

Write down the word. (accent, spelling)

Physical education minute

Hands raised and shook -

These are trees in the forest.

Arms bent, hands shaken -

The wind blows away the dew.

Let's wave our hands to the sides, smoothly -

These are the birds flying towards us.

Let us show you how they sit down quietly -

The wings were folded back.

2. Exercise 2 p.11 (oral)

3. Exercise 3 p. 11 (in writing) - composing a sentence from words.

V II. Summing up the lesson.

What useful and new things did you learn during the lesson?

What do you think: which is the most important - oral or written?

In other lessons we still have to reveal the secrets of oral and written speech and then, probably, we will be able to answer this question.

Reflection

Continue the sentences:

I learned…

I learned in class...