Czechoslovak 47 mm ammunition. Anti-tank guns
mm/klb
47 mm anti-tank gun P.U.V. vz. 36- Czechoslovak anti-tank gun, developed by Skoda and used until the end of World War II.
Development and production
The gun was developed in 1935-1936 at the Skoda plant under the factory name Skoda A.6 based on the design of a 37-mm anti-tank gun mod. 1934. Serial production began already in 1936.
As of 1936, the gun was one of the most powerful anti-tank guns in the world.
Before the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, 775 guns were fired. Most of them went to the Germans.
After the occupation of Czechoslovakia, Germany adopted the weapon under the name 4.7cm PaK 36(t) and continued production of the cannon. Before the Pak 38 anti-tank gun entered service, the gun was the Wehrmacht's most powerful anti-tank weapon, only slightly inferior to the latter in terms of armor penetration. The gun was in service with the anti-tank units of the Wehrmacht infantry units.
In 1940, the Germans began producing a modified version of the gun under the abbreviated name 4.7cm PaK(t). In total, before production ended in 1942, 487 guns of both modifications were produced in Czechoslovakia for the German army:
| Gun production: | |||||
| year | 1939 | 1940 | 1941 | 1942 | Total |
| 4.7cm Pak 36(t) | 200 | 73 | - | - | 273 |
| 4.7cm Pak(t) | - | 95 | 51 | 68 | 214 |
| Total | 200 | 168 | 51 | 68 | 487 |
In 1941, to increase the armor penetration of the gun, the Germans introduced an armor-piercing sub-caliber projectile of the 1940 model PzGr 40 with a tungsten carbide core into the ammunition load. With the start of deliveries of the Pak 38, the gun was not forced out of infantry units, remaining quite common. In connection with this, mass production of shells for this weapon was established. Only from the beginning of 1943 the Czechoslovakian gun began to be gradually replaced by the new Pak 40 anti-tank gun.
Anti-tank self-propelled guns
The high mobility of tank and motorized units did not allow the weapon to be used in their anti-tank units. Since March 1940, the Czechoslovakian gun began to be installed on the chassis German lung tank Pz.KPfw.I, which led to the creation of the world's first serial anti-tank installation Panzerjager I. A total of 202 vehicles were produced by February 1941.
Since May 1941, Czechoslovak guns began to be installed on French captured light tanks R 35, receiving new self-propelled guns- Panzerjäger 35R and manufactured 174 units by October 1941.
Description
The gun was a gun barrel with a muzzle brake, mounted on a wheeled frame with sprung travel, which made it possible to tow the gun with mechanized tractors. The wheels themselves were at first wooden with spokes, later metal with rubber tires. The gun shutter was wedge-type, semi-automatic. The gun was equipped with a hydraulic recoil brake with a spring knurl. During transportation, the barrel was rotated 180° and attached to the frames. The frames, if necessary, could be folded to reduce dimensions.
Ammunition
The gun's ammunition included unitary rounds with fragmentation and armor-piercing shells, to which the German PzGr 40 sub-caliber shell was added in 1941.
The standard Czech projectile had an effective firing range of 1500 meters. Normally, the projectile penetrated 55 mm armor at a distance of 1000 meters.
The German sub-caliber had an effective range of only 500 meters.
Operating countries
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Notes
Literature
- Kolomiets M. V. Wehrmacht anti-tank artillery in World War II. - Moscow: KM Strategy, Yauza, Eksmo, 2012. - 128 p. - (War and us. Tank collection). - ISBN 978-5-699-59601-0.
- Kharuk A. I. Wehrmacht artillery. - Moscow: Eksmo, 2010. - 352 p. - (Artillery is the god of war). - ISBN 978-5-699-43638-5.
- Shirokorad A. God of War of the Third Reich. - Moscow: AST, 2002. - 576 pp.: 32 l. ill. With. - ISBN 5-17-015302-3.
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An excerpt characterizing the 47-mm anti-tank gun P.U.V. vz. 36
– How is the count’s health? Can I see him? – Pierre asked awkwardly, as always, but not embarrassed.– The Count is suffering both physically and morally, and it seems that you took care to cause him more moral suffering.
-Can I see the count? - Pierre repeated.
- Hm!.. If you want to kill him, completely kill him, then you can see. Olga, go and see if the broth is ready for your uncle, it’s time soon,” she added, showing Pierre that they were busy and busy calming his father down, while he was obviously busy only upsetting him.
Olga left. Pierre stood, looked at the sisters and, bowing, said:
- So I’ll go to my place. When it is possible, you tell me.
He went out, and the ringing but quiet laughter of the sister with the mole was heard behind him.
The next day, Prince Vasily arrived and settled in the count's house. He called Pierre to him and told him:
– Mon cher, si vous vous conduisez ici, comme a Petersbourg, vous finirez tres mal; c"est tout ce que je vous dis. [My dear, if you behave here as in St. Petersburg, you will end very badly; I have nothing more to tell you.] The Count is very, very sick: you don’t need to see him at all.
Since then, Pierre was not disturbed, and he spent the whole day alone upstairs in his room.
While Boris entered his room, Pierre was walking around his room, occasionally stopping in the corners, making threatening gestures towards the wall, as if piercing an invisible enemy with a sword, and looking sternly over his glasses and then starting his walk again, uttering unclear words, shaking shoulders and arms outstretched.
- L "Angleterre a vecu, [England is finished," he said, frowning and pointing his finger at someone. - M. Pitt comme traitre a la nation et au droit des gens est condamiene a... [Pitt, as a traitor to the nation and people rightly, he is sentenced to ...] - He did not have time to finish his sentence on Pitt, imagining himself at that moment as Napoleon himself and, together with his hero, having already made a dangerous crossing through the Pas de Calais and conquered London - when he saw a young, slender and handsome officer entering him He stopped. Pierre left Boris as a fourteen-year-old boy and definitely did not remember him; but, despite this, in his characteristic quick and welcoming manner, he took him by the hand and smiled friendly.
- Do you remember me? – Boris said calmly, with a pleasant smile. “I came with my mother to the count, but he seems to be not entirely healthy.
- Yes, he seems unwell. “Everyone worries him,” Pierre answered, trying to remember who this young man was.
Boris felt that Pierre did not recognize him, but did not consider it necessary to identify himself and, without experiencing the slightest embarrassment, looked him straight in the eyes.
“Count Rostov asked you to come to dinner with him today,” he said after a rather long and awkward silence for Pierre.
- A! Count Rostov! – Pierre spoke joyfully. - So you are his son, Ilya. As you can imagine, I didn’t recognize you at first. Remember how we went to Vorobyovy Gory with m me Jacquot... [Madame Jacquot...] a long time ago.
“You’re mistaken,” Boris said slowly, with a bold and somewhat mocking smile. – I am Boris, the son of Princess Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya. Rostov's father is called Ilya, and his son is Nikolai. And I didn’t know any m me Jacquot.
Pierre waved his arms and head as if mosquitoes or bees were attacking him.
- Oh, what is this! I got everything mixed up. There are so many relatives in Moscow! Are you Boris...yes. Well, you and I have agreed. Well, what do you think about the Boulogne expedition? After all, the British will have a bad time if only Napoleon crosses the canal? I think the expedition is very possible. Villeneuve would not have made a mistake!
Boris knew nothing about the Boulogne expedition, he did not read the newspapers and heard about Villeneuve for the first time.
“We are more busy here in Moscow with dinners and gossip than with politics,” he said in his calm, mocking tone. – I don’t know anything about it and don’t think anything about it. Moscow is most busy with gossip,” he continued. “Now they’re talking about you and the count.”
Pierre smiled his kind smile, as if afraid for his interlocutor, lest he might say something for which he would repent. But Boris spoke distinctly, clearly and dryly, looking directly into Pierre’s eyes.
“Moscow has nothing better to do than gossip,” he continued. “Everyone is busy with who the count will leave his fortune to, although perhaps he will outlive us all, which is what I sincerely wish...
“Yes, this is all very difficult,” Pierre picked up, “very difficult.” “Pierre was still afraid that this officer would accidentally get into an awkward conversation for himself.
“And it must seem to you,” Boris said, blushing slightly, but without changing his voice or posture, “it must seem to you that everyone is busy only with getting something from the rich man.”
“So it is,” thought Pierre.
“But I just want to tell you, in order to avoid misunderstandings, that you will be very mistaken if you count me and my mother among these people.” We are very poor, but I, at least, speak for myself: precisely because your father is rich, I do not consider myself his relative, and neither I nor my mother will ever ask or accept anything from him.
Pierre could not understand for a long time, but when he understood, he jumped up from the sofa, grabbed Boris’s hand from below with his characteristic speed and awkwardness and, flushed much more than Boris, began to speak with a mixed feeling of shame and annoyance.
- This is strange! I really... and who could have thought... I know very well...
But Boris interrupted him again:
“I’m glad I expressed everything.” Maybe it’s unpleasant for you, excuse me,” he said, reassuring Pierre, instead of being reassured by him, “but I hope I didn’t offend you.” I have a rule of saying everything directly... How can I convey it? Will you come to dinner with the Rostovs?
And Boris, apparently having relieved himself of a heavy duty, came out of awkward position and having placed another in it, he became completely pleasant again.
“No, listen,” Pierre said, calming down. – You are an amazing person. What you just said is very good, very good. Of course you don't know me. We haven’t seen each other for so long... since we were children... You can assume in me... I understand you, I understand you very much. I wouldn't do it, I wouldn't have the guts, but it's wonderful. I am very glad that I met you. It’s strange,” he added, after a pause and smiling, “what you assumed in me!” - He laughed. - Well, so what? We'll get to know you better. Please. – He shook hands with Boris. – You know, I have never been to the count. He didn’t call me... I feel sorry for him as a person... But what to do?
– And you think that Napoleon will have time to transport the army? – Boris asked, smiling.
Pierre realized that Boris wanted to change the conversation, and, agreeing with him, began to outline the advantages and disadvantages of the Boulogne enterprise.
The footman came to summon Boris to the princess. The princess was leaving. Pierre promised to come for dinner in order to get closer to Boris, firmly shook his hand, looking affectionately into his eyes through his glasses... After he left, Pierre walked around the room for a long time, no longer piercing the invisible enemy with his sword, but smiling at the memory of this dear, smart and strong young man.
47 mm anti-tank gun P.U.V. vz. 36 was developed by Skoda and had a completely modern design. The upper machine with the barrel, recoil devices, cradle, aiming mechanisms and sighting devices was located on the lower machine, which had sliding frames and sprung wheels. In this way, it was possible to achieve a significant horizontal aiming angle of the gun and a significant speed of its transportation. The gun was equipped with automobile-type wheels and was transported in a stowed position with frames rigidly connected to each other. The suspension was automatically turned off at the combat position when the beds were raised. The shield cover provided protection for the crew from enemy bullets and shell fragments.
Having received at their disposal a significant number of 47-mm P.U.V. guns after the occupation of Czechoslovakia, the Germans used them for the first time in battles in France. In addition to the towed version of the Czechoslovak gun, the Wehrmacht also had a self-propelled version under the designation “ Panzerjager» I (PzJg I). The German troops are armed with the P.U.V. cannon. Model 36 was in service until 1943, although by that time it was already somewhat outdated. To the middle of the Great Patriotic War its effectiveness decreased sharply due to the appearance of a large number of medium and heavy tanks in the Red Army. The armor-piercing shells included in the gun's ammunition had an initial speed of 775 m/s and penetrated armor 60 mm thick at a distance of 1200 m.
The 37-mm anti-tank gun Pak.35/36 performed well during the Polish campaign, when German troops were confronted by weakly armored enemy vehicles. But already before the attack on France, it became clear to the Wehrmacht leadership that the army needed more effective weapons. Since the Pak.38 gun was not yet ready for mass production, the Germans adopted the 47-mm Czechoslovak P.U.V. gun. arr. 36, designating it Pak.37(t).
| Caliber, mm | 47 |
|---|---|
| Instances | no less than 1262 |
| Calculation, pers. | 5 |
| Rate of fire, rds/min | 15-20 |
| Muzzle velocity, m/s | 775 |
| Effective range, m | 1000 (4500) |
| Carriage speed on the highway, km/h | 15-20 |
| Trunk | |
| Barrel length, mm/club | 2219 |
| Barrel length, mm/club | 2040 / 43,4 |
| Weight | |
| Weight in stowed position, kg | 605 |
| Weight in firing position, kg | 590 |
| Dimensions in stowed position | |
| Firing angles | |
| Angle ВН, degrees | −10/+26 |
| Angle GN, degrees | 50 |
| Media files on Wikimedia Commons | |
47 mm anti-tank gun P.U.V. vz. 36- Czechoslovak anti-tank gun, developed by Skoda and used until the end of World War II.
Development and production
The gun was developed in 1935-1936 at the Skoda plant under the factory name Skoda A.6 based on the design of a 37-mm anti-tank gun mod. 1934. Serial production began already in 1936.
As of 1936, the gun was one of the most powerful anti-tank guns in the world.
Before the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, 775 guns were fired. Most of them went to the Germans.
After the occupation of Czechoslovakia, Germany adopted the weapon under the name 4.7cm PaK(t) and continued production of the cannon. Before the Pak 38 anti-tank gun entered service, the gun was the Wehrmacht's most powerful anti-tank weapon, only slightly inferior to the latter in terms of armor penetration. The gun was in service with the anti-tank units of the Wehrmacht infantry units.
| Gun production: | |||||
| year | 1939 | 1940 | 1941 | 1942 | Total |
| 4.7cm Pak K. 36(t)* | 200 | 73 | - | - | 273 |
| 4.7cm Pak(t) | - | 95 | 51 | 68 | 214 |
| Total | 200 | 168 | 51 | 68 | 487 |
* gun option for installation in caponiers; used in fortified areas
In 1941, to increase the armor penetration of the gun, the Germans introduced an armor-piercing sub-caliber projectile of the 1940 model PzGr 40 with a tungsten carbide core into the ammunition load. With the start of deliveries of the Pak 38, the gun was not forced out of infantry units, remaining quite common. In connection with this, mass production of shells for this weapon was established. Only from the beginning of 1943 the Czechoslovakian gun began to be gradually replaced by the new Pak 40 anti-tank gun.
Anti-tank self-propelled guns
The high mobility of tank and motorized units did not allow the weapon to be used in their anti-tank units. From March 1940, the Czechoslovakian gun began to be installed on the chassis of the German light tank Pz.KPfw.I, which led to the creation of the world's first serial anti-tank gun, the Panzerjäger I. A total of 202 vehicles were produced by February 1941.
Since May 1941, Czechoslovak guns began to be installed on French captured light tanks R 35, receiving a new self-propelled gun - Panzerjäger 35R and producing 174 installations by October 1941.
Description
The gun was a gun barrel with a muzzle brake, mounted on a wheeled frame with sprung travel, which made it possible to tow the gun with mechanized tractors. The wheels themselves were first made of wood with spokes, later metal with rubber tires. The gun shutter was wedge-type, semi-automatic. The gun was equipped with a hydraulic recoil brake with a spring knurl. During transportation, the barrel was rotated 180° and attached to the frames. The frames, if necessary, could be folded to reduce dimensions.
Ammunition
The gun's ammunition included unitary rounds with fragmentation and armor-piercing shells, to which the German PzGr 40 sub-caliber shell was added in 1941.
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The Czech company Skoda is the first European arms manufacturer to develop specialized anti-tank guns. In the 1920s, engineers and designers conducted experiments and design studies to develop optimal tactical and technical requirements, and in 1934 the company released a 37 mm anti-tank gun. However, serial production of the gun was not established: by that time a more powerful weapon was required. In 1936, the 47-mm gun model 36 appeared, the production of which was immediately ordered by the Czech army.
For its time it was the most powerful in Europe. It fired fairly heavy (1.65 kg) shells that penetrated the armor of any tank of that time at distances of up to 640 m. The range of other guns did not exceed 186-275 m. However, in field conditions the gun turned out to be quite clumsy.
The crew was protected by a shield with folding upper plates, and its upper edge had an unusual, asymmetrical curved profile. This contributed to the camouflage of the weapon, breaking the usual geometry of its outline.
A large recoil brake cylinder and a muzzle brake with one baffle were attached to the barrel.
Production for the Czech army was quickly launched, and some of the guns were exported to Yugoslavia. But when the Model 36 entered service, it turned out to be a heavy burden for individual anti-tank infantry platoons, and for them the production of Model 37 anti-tank guns, modernized on the basis of the previous 37-m guns, was launched. It already had modern steel wheels with pneumatic tires.
Under the Munich Treaty of 1938, the Germans annexed the Sudetenland of the Czech Republic without firing a single shot. They put their mark on a large number of guns, which were the original version of the Model 36, intended for use in fortifications. The Model 36 was designated the 430mm Pak 36(t) and was included in German gun fleets, serving in second-tier units throughout the war. Later the gun was installed on tracked chassis various types, and as a self-propelled gun it showed itself excellently in the fight against tanks. And Model 37 guns did not remain in the Wehrmacht for long after 1941.
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