For a person who has finished building a house and has begun to improve it, the main question is how to fill the floor so that it is warm and reliable. In modern construction, wood and concrete are used as floor finishing materials.

A wooden floor is certainly environmentally friendly, but at the same time it allows air and small rodents to pass through, which over time can enter the house through small holes in the floor. Concrete the floor is a reliable covering that provides protection.

There is one thing to note when laying a concrete floor. In order for the concrete to set better, the crushed stone must be filled with bitumen. And yet, it is important to remember that the concrete floor should be insulated only after the entire surface has dried.

Advantages and disadvantages of concrete floor

TO benefits concrete floor can be attributed to the dryness and durability that it provides, especially in a private home. How important it is when, despite the rains, the floor still remains dry, and the material does not deteriorate over the years, while the surface always remains level when installed correctly. The convenience of a concrete floor is that anyone can install it themselves, without the help of specialists. In addition, any coating is suitable for a concrete floor.

The main advantage of concrete is safety for good health. It does not emit any harmful substances, which is why many people choose it as a flooring option. Concrete is unpretentious in use and is not afraid of mechanical stress.

Despite the many advantages of a concrete floor, it has flaw. Everyone knows that concrete is a cold material, so additional flooring made of heat-insulating materials will be needed. The procedure for insulating a concrete floor also has its own technology.

Tools and materials for pouring the floor

Pouring the floor- a very important part of home improvement. This stage of work requires special tools. To ensure that the work does not cause trouble, you should have a tool such as a vibrating rammer in advance. It will help to compact the concrete tightly so that it does not become porous in the future. Also for filling the floor will be needed:

• a certain amount of roofing felt to cover the floor;
• polyethylene film, it is used as waterproofing;
• expanded clay;
• reinforced mesh;
• limiting corners;
• level for measuring the surface;
• trowels and shovels for pouring and leveling the floor.

Work order

In any business there is a certain order actions, a certain plan, following which you can achieve a result. There is also a procedure when pouring a concrete floor. First of all, you need to mark the floor level so that in the future the floor will be level. Then you need to work with the soil, then lay out a layer of bulk materials, this is necessary for the strength of the floor and saving concrete. As a rule, gravel is poured first. For convenience, you need to drive a few pegs into the gravel before you fill in the materials, and then they can be removed. Gravel can be laid out about 5-10 centimeters thick. Then fell asleep gravel need to be compacted and watered. On top of the gravel you need to pour a layer of sand, the approximate thickness of which will be 10 centimeters. And the last layer will be crushed stone, it needs to be compacted and sprinkled with sand, preferably a thin layer. The resulting surface should be as smooth as possible.

This is followed by insulating work, as usual, is carried out to protect the floor from various types of influences. Then reinforcement and formwork are carried out. Only after all this is concrete poured and screeded.

How to prepare the base

After installation, the house should be filled concrete floor, but what needs to be done before proceeding directly to pouring? First of all, you need to prepare the base. As a rule, if the soil under the house is uneven, then it is leveled to a depth of 4-5 cm, compacted, and a cushion of sand and crushed stone is laid out. So that there is a hole waterproofed, it is advisable to lubricate its surface with a layer of clay or bitumen. After this, backfill should be made by tamping a layer of crushed stone about 3-4 cm. Sprinkle a layer of sand about 1-1.5 cm on top and tamp tightly.

After the sand and crushed stone pillow ready, you need to lay down waterproofing. You can use polyethylene film or membrane film as it. The material should be applied approximately 1.5-2 cm. The places where the material meets must be glued with a special tape, for example, polyvinyl chloride.

Concrete floor technology

For wooden A concrete floor will work well at home, the main thing is to know the technology for correct pouring. If everything is done properly, then there will be no problems. Concrete guarantees dryness and strength for many years.

In order to fill the floor in a private house, you do not need the help of builders and you can completely rely on your own strength. Proper preparation- the key to successful pouring of a concrete floor. It includes the selection of the necessary materials and tools - you need calculate the required number. If everything is ready, then you don’t have to worry about anything, all you have to do is concentrate on pouring the floor. They say that the best concrete floor is the one that has the best base for the floor covering:

• tile;
• parquet;
• linoleum.

As described above, before you begin, you need compact priming. The area should be as flat as possible. The soil can be compacted either manually or using special tools.

Then you will need to take care of isolation. The best option Roofing felt will serve for this purpose. A good remedy insulation can be polyethylene; this material can be used when you plan to spend less money.

Once the insulation issue is resolved, you can lay heat-insulating material. If you have expanded clay, you can use it as a material. This is outdated but very reliable material. Another option for thermal insulation is glass wool. In general, you just need to correctly calculate the amount of material so that insulation there was no overhead floor.

The next step is pouring the floor itself. You need to start pouring concrete from the far corner of the room, heading towards the doors.

When working, you need to use a restrictive lath. It is important to take into account that the last layer of the floor is reinforced with a metal frame. For reinforcement, you can use a regular chain-link mesh. This way the floor will be protected and resistant to various mechanical influences.

The last step should be screed. Its device must be neat, made of pure cement, which will be diluted with water. For an ideal floor, you can purchase a self-leveling mixture.

Concrete is poured in one, and sometimes in two, passes. The second time will give solidity coating. If you purchase a ready-made solution, you don’t have to worry that the floor will be uneven. Once the concrete is poured, it must be left for two to four weeks.

Result

From the above technology and tips for pouring a concrete floor, it is clear that you can do everything yourself and get an excellent result. If you purchase quality materials, then the floor will be filled accordingly. The filling technology is quite simple, you just need patience and time, then you can enjoy the result of your work for a long time. Pouring a concrete floor will not require immediate repairs, this is its peculiarity. Concrete flooring is especially relevant for wooden flooring. It is reliable and capable of excellent heat retention, protecting from external influences. It is especially important to fill concrete the floor in a private house, since it is on the ground and is subject to various influences.

In the construction of private houses, wooden floors are more often used, and concrete as a flooring material is purchased less frequently, but it is very convenient to use. True connoisseurs have already checked the quality and reliability of the material. In cases where water passes close to the house, a concrete floor is simply necessary. For those who still want the floor to be wooden, you can lay the flooring from this material.

Pouring the floor is an important and responsible step repair work. Filling the floor in a house yourself is not an easy task, but it is doable. Following detailed instructions, almost anyone can handle concrete pouring.

The first thing you need to do is make markings (for this you can use a regular building level or a laser level). Having determined the zero level, a thin cord (rope) is pulled along the walls, which will become a guide in the next stages of work.

After this, a so-called “pillow” is made. To do this, the area of ​​the future floor around the perimeter is evenly covered with gravel, the size of which is no more than 40-50 mm (the thickness of this gravel layer is approximately 5-6 cm). It is abundantly moistened and compacted manually or with a vibratory rammer and covered with a 10-centimeter layer of construction sand. The sand layer is also moistened, thoroughly compacted and covered with gravel again (the thickness of the second gravel layer is at least 10 cm). The “cushion” is compacted evenly - the working surface should be the same level.

The next stage is laying waterproofing. It is best to use a geomembrane or roofing felt as a waterproofing material, but you can also get by with ordinary dense polyethylene (the optimal thickness is 200-250 microns). Its canvases are connected with construction tape and laid in such a way that there is an overlap on the wall of at least 15-20 cm. After the waterproofing layer, insulation is laid. Expanded clay, polystyrene foam and its improved relative - expanded polystyrene, chipboard, perlite and glass wool, which is not losing its position, will be excellent heat-insulating materials.

After laying the insulating materials, pouring begins. To begin with, lay a reinforcing mesh, the edges of which are secured with pegs or supports. Then special limiting slats are installed at the level at intervals of one and a half meters from each other. Pouring the floor with concrete begins from the far wall so that the reinforcing material is completely covered with the solution.

The optimal pouring thickness is at least 7-10 cm. The poured floor is leveled according to construction rules. When the solution “sets,” the slats are removed and the cavities are filled with concrete. After this, the floor is covered with plastic film for 25-30 days. The concrete must be moistened for the first 10-14 days. The final touch is a screed, thanks to which the new floor will be perfectly smooth and even. After the screed has dried, you can begin laying any flooring material.

A high-quality poured floor is the ideal foundation for any flooring which will make your home cozy and comfortable.