They are formed using relative pronouns (places) der, die, das in the singular and die in the plural. In Russian they correspond to the place-e which (and its forms (f-my)). F-ma pronouns (gender, number, case) depend on the defining word in the main clause and on the verb in the subordinate clause.

F-we of demonstrative places

Mein neuer Kollege, der aus Berlin kommt, heißt Max. – My new colleague, who came from Berlin, is called Max.

Ich habe kürzlich den Film gesehen, von dem du mir erzählt hast. – I recently watched the film you told me about.

Meine Oma, für die ich jetzt sorgen muss, ist schwer krank. – My grandmother, whom I now have to look after, is seriously ill.

Der Mann, deren Kinder mit dem Hund spielen, ist mein Freund Klaus. – The man whose children are playing with the dog is my friend Klaus.

1. der Abend, – e – evening der Abendkurs, – e – evening course abends – evenings aber – but der Abschied, – e – farewell...
2. If life deceives you, don't be sad, don't be angry! On the day of despondency, reconcile yourself: Believe, the day of joy will come. The heart lives in the future; The present is sad: Everything is instantaneous, everything...
3. Twain wurde als Samuel Langhorne Clemens am 30.11.1835 in Florida (Missouri) geboren. Der Vater starb 1847 und Twain musste im Alter von zwölf Jahren eine...
4. The German language is rich in a wide variety of proverbs and sayings. The main difference between a proverb and a saying is that a proverb is always a complete, independent, often rhyming sentence...
5. On this page you will find interesting poems, rhymes and chants that you can use in your lessons. German language. Counting tables in German * * * Eins,...
6. Wandrers Nachtlied Über allen Gipfeln Ist Ruh, In allen Wipfeln Spürest du Kaum einen Hauch; Die Vögelein schweigen im Walde. Warte nur, balde Ruhest du...
7. In German, as in Russian, a noun (noun) has 2 numbers (numerals): singular num. (der Singular) and plural (plural) numbers. (der Plural)....
8. +Ä Die Adresse – address Aber – but, and der Affe – monkey das Alter – age guten Appetit – bon appetit der Arzt –...
9. The gender of nouns (nouns) in German is particularly difficult for language learners, since the gender of German words often does not coincide with the gender of Russian words, and sometimes even...
10. The plural of a noun in German must be memorized immediately when learning its definite article. Plurals There are five main ways to form them. plural names...
11. Products, public catering Restaurant Das Restaurant Small restaurant, cafe, snack bar Das Lokal Tavern, beer hall, tavern Die Kneipe Bar Die Bar Canteen, buffet at the enterprise, in...
12. Useful phrases, which will help tell about the homeland: Mein Lieblingsort ist... - My favorite place... Ich bin in... aufgewachsen. – I grew up in... Mir gefällt..., denn......
13. Independent work 6th grade Consolidation: hours, PII, three main forms of the verb 1. Form a noun from the verb and translate it. Schreiben, lesen, musizieren, turnen, rechnen. 2....

Determinative subordinate clauses answer questions Welcher? Was fu r ein? Definitive subordinate clauses can define any member of a sentence expressed by a noun: HieristderBrief,denergesternbekommenhat.Welcher (was für ein) Brief ist hier? - Hereletter, whichHereceivedyesterday.

Determinative clauses are introduced by relative pronouns, relative adverbs, relative pronominal adverbs, as well as conjunctions yeah And ob .

The most common are attributive clauses: 1) with a relative pronoun der , 2) with some relative adverbs and pronominal adverbs and 3) with the conjunction yeah .

Relative pronoun der agrees in gender and number with the noun in the main clause to which it refers; the case of a relative pronoun depends on its syntactic function in a subordinate clause: Ichkenneden Studenten (masculine, singular),der (subl., nominative)jetztspricht. - I know a student who is speaking now.Ichkennedie Studentin (feminine, singular),die (subl., nominative)jetztspricht. - I know a student who is performing now.Hier sind die Zeitschriften(multiple. h.), early days(prepositionalextra., dative). Siefragen. - Here are the magazines you are asking for.

Relative pronoun in the genitive ( dessen, deren ) always comes before a noun and is its definition: DasisteinMann,dessen Name allegutKennen. Compare in Russian: This is a person, whose name everyone knows it well.

When using a relative pronoun in the genitive case ( dessen, deren ) the noun it precedes is used without an article: DasisteinMann,dessenNameallegutKennen.DasisteineFrau,derenNameallegutKennen.

Determinative clauses with relative adverbs and relative pronominal adverbs are synonymous with the attributive clause with der ( die das) : DasistderOrt,wo ichgeborenbin. - This is the place where I was born. Compare: Das ist der Ort, in dem ich geboren bin. -Thisplace, VwhichIwas born. Die Stadt, wohin wir fahren, liegt an der Oka. - City, WhereWelet's go, locatedonOke. Das Thema, woran Sie arbeiten, ist sehr aktuell. - Subject, abovewhichYouare you working, Veryrelevant.

Determinative subordinate clauses with conjunction yeah often contain indirect speech and stand for the most part after nouns like die Mitteilung -message, die Nachricht - news, die Ansicht - opinion, die Meinung - opiniondas Versprechen - promise, die Hoffnung - hope, die Angst - fear etc.: Wir bekamen die Nachricht, daß die Delegation in Brest eingetroffen ist. -Wegotnews, WhatdelegationarrivedVBrest. Ich bin der Meinung (der Ansicht), daß er recht hat. - IThink(lit.: of the opinion) that he is right.

When the attributive clause refers to the pronouns alles, viel(es), nichts, etwas or to a substantivized neuter adjective in the superlative degree, then the clause is connected to the main relative pronoun was or the corresponding pronominal adverb with wo (+r ): Dasistalles wasichweiß. - That's all what I know.Vieles, worü ber Sieerzählthaben,istmirbekannt.-I know a lot of what you talked about. Das ist das Beste, was der Autor geschaffen hat.- Thisthe best, Whatcreatedauthor.

Determinative subordinate clauses can appear inside or after the main clause: Derstudent,derjetztspricht,istausunsererGruppe. - The student who is speaking now is from our group.Aus unserer Gruppe ist auch der Student, der jetzt spricht. - FromourgroupsAlsostudent, whichNowstands.

The attributive subordinate clause, which comes after the main clause, is usually separated from the word being defined by an unchangeable part of the predicate: HierwildeinneuesHausGebaut,indemdieArbeiterunseresBetriebeswohnenwerden. - It's being built here new house, in which the workers of our plant will live.Ich werde morgen den Artikel lesen, den man für das Seminar empfohlen hat.- Tomorrow I will read the article that was recommended for the seminar.

In attributive clauses instead of a relative pronoun der “which” can be used with the same meaning as a relative pronoun welcher "which": DasBuch,welchesunsempfohlenwurde,konntenwirnirgendsbecommen. - We couldn’t get the book that was recommended to us anywhere.

German subordinate clauses with der, welcher often translated into Russian by participle phrases: Derstudent,derjetztspricht,istausunsererGruppe. - The student speaking now is from our group.

Relative adverbs after temporal nouns da And wo translated into Russian using “when”: InderZeit,da (wo)sichdasereignete,warniemandimRaum. (InwelcherZeit?) - There was no one in the room when it happened.

There is a special type of attributive clauses with a comparative-evaluative meaning, introduced using wie , which is translated into Russian mostly by the pronoun “what”: DaswareineLeistung,wiesienightkeinSportlerderWeltgezeigthatte. (WasfureineLeistungwardas?) - This was an achievement that not a single athlete in the world knew (lit.: did not show).

Determinative clauses can refer to personal pronouns; in this case, this personal pronoun is usually repeated once again in the subordinate clause: Ich,derichsolangegeschwiegenhabe,willjetztallesberichten. - I, who have been silent for so long, now want to tell you everything..

If the attributive clause comes after a negated noun or after pronouns nichts, keiner, niemand , then it often uses the preterite or plusquaperfect conjunctiva. These forms of the conjunctive are usually translated into Russian by forms of the subjunctive mood: Ichweißnichts,waswichtigerwäre. - I don't know anything that would be more important.IchkanntekeinenMenschen,dermehrgelesenhätte. - I didn’t know a single person who read more.

Subordinate clauses (die Attributsätze) always stand after the word being defined and answer questions welcher?(Which?), was it?(which one?, what kind?).

Subordinate clauses are more often relative clauses and less often - conjunctive clauses. They are introduced mainly by relative pronouns der, die, das, die, less often - welcher, welche, welches, welche(which, -aya, -oe, -s), which, unlike conjunctions, are members of a sentence and can appear in any case with or without a preposition.

These pronouns agree in gender and number with the noun in the main clause they replace.

The case of the relative pronoun is determined by its function within the subordinate clause, i.e. depends on which member of the subordinate clause it is. A relative pronoun can be any member of a sentence except the predicate. Compare: In a German sentence, the relative pronoun in the genitive case comes before the noun it modifies ( deren Zahl), and in Russian the corresponding pronoun comes after the defined noun (the number of which).

Note! The translation of a German attributive clause with a relative pronoun in the genitive case should begin with the qualifying noun and then translate the relative pronoun.

R oderative case of der and welcher(dessen, deren) can be translated into Russian using the pronouns “whose”, “whose”, “whose”, “whose”. It should be remembered that they agree in gender, number and case with the noun of the main sentence to which these pronouns indicate.

z. B. Dieses Rundfunkprogramm ist dem Schriftsteller (date, units) gewidmet, dessen(born fall.) Werke traditionsgemäß in der Schule studiert werden. - This radio program is dedicated to the writer (singular), whose works (plural) are traditionally studied at school.

In a prepositional phrase, the relative pronoun follows the preposition. In this case, you need to start analyzing the sentence with the predicate verb, since the correct translation of the preposition, the meanings of which in Russian and German often do not coincide (verb control), depends on it.

z. B. Der Zug, mit dem ich heute abfahre, soll in Köln um 8 Uhr ancommen. - Train, on which I am leaving today, should arrive in Cologne at 8 o'clock.

The same technique should be used when translating attributive clauses with relative pronominal adverbs (woran, worauf, wodurch, etc.).

The preposition in such sentences is translated depending on the control of the Russian verb in combination with the corresponding case of the relative pronoun “which”:

z. B. Das Thema, woran wir jetzt arbeiten, ist von großer Bedeutung. - The topic we are working on today is of great importance.

In attributive clauses with the adverbs da and wo after a noun with a temporary meaning, these words are translated with the meaning “when”:

z. B. In den Tagen, da (wo) die Kriegsgefahr am größten war, fanden viele Antikriegsmeetings statt. - In the days when the danger of (the outbreak of) war was especially great, many anti-war rallies took place.

Conjunctive clauses are joined to the main clause by conjunctions daß, ob, als, wenn, als ob, wie.

z. B. Wir unpretentious heute die Frage, ob wir am Sonntag aufs Land fahren werden. - Today we are discussing the question of whether we will go out of town on Sunday.

z. B. Die Zeitungen veröffentlichen heute die Nachricht, yeah eine Arbeiterdelegation aus England nach Moscow angekommen ist. - Newspapers are publishing a report today that a delegation of workers from England has arrived in Moscow.

z. B. Die Blumen, die(Nom., subject) in unserem Garten blüchen, sind so schön! - The flowers that bloom in our garden are so beautiful!

z. B. Das Thema, an dem (Dat., addition) ich arbeite, ist sehr interessant. - The topic I am working on is very interesting.

z. B. Das Haus, in dem (Dat., circumstance of place) er wohnt, liegt nicht weit von unsere Universität. - The house in which he lives is located not far from our university.

z. B. Die Frau, die in unserem Haus wohnt, ist meine Kollegin. – This woman who lives in our house is my colleague.

If the relative pronoun is in the genitive case ( desen, deren), then it is a definition in a subordinate clause.

z. B. In seiner Bibliothek gab es viele Bücher, deren Zahl 10000 errreichte. - His library had many books, the number of which reached 10 thousand.

For subordinate clauses with the conjunction word wie hallmark is the presence in it (immediately after wie or another pronoun) of a personal pronoun, which replaces the defined noun from the main sentence and agrees with it in gender and number; wie+ the personal pronoun is translated by the relative pronoun “which”, “which” in the case determined by the function of the personal pronoun in the subordinate clause.

z. B. Der Künstler versuchte das Leben so darzustellen, wie er es(Akk.) sah und empfand. - The artist tried to depict life as he saw and felt it.

German grammar:
Determinative subordinate clauses

Defining subordinate clauses perform the function of defining in the main clause. They answer the question welcher?(which one?) or was it?(what the?).

Subordinate clauses are introduced mainly by relative pronouns: der, die, das, less often - welcher (-es,-e)(which, -aya, -oe).

Declension of relative pronouns

a) Relative pronouns refer to any noun of the main clause and agree with it in gender and number. The case of the relative pronoun depends on its role in the subordinate clause.

b) Pronoun welcher (-es,-e) is obsolete and is used only for stylistic reasons to avoid repetition of the word "der".

Grammar exercises on the topic “Complex qualifying sentences in the German language” can be used to train German grammar on this topic in the 8th grade of a secondary school.

View document contents
“Grammar exercises on the topic “Complex qualifying sentences in the German language””

Insertpronominaladverbs

Das Dorf, …… am Ufer des Flusses liegt, ist attraktiv.

Am See, …….. Schönheiten uns bekannt sind, befindet sich das Museum.

Der Junge, mit……. ich bekanntgemacht habe, kommt aus Ulm.

Wir suchen das Haus, in……. mein feund lebt.

Ich kaufe das Kleid,…… mir gefällt.

Die Mädchen, mit……. ich ins Kino gehe, sind meine Freundinnen.

Die Schule, neben…….das Denkmal steht, ist modern.

Mein Vater kaufte den Fernseher, ……. ich modern finde.

Die Schuler, ……. ich kenne, lernen gut.

Der Hund, …….ich liebe, heißt Rex.

Der Mann, …… in meinem Haus lebt, ist ein Dichter.

Wir laufen Schlittschuh auf der Eisbahn, …… neben unserem Haus ist.

Ich spiele mit der Katze, …… ich oft in unserem Hof ​​sehe.

Das Lied, ……..Melodie popular ist, gefällt mir.

Der Mann, ……. er den Brief schickt, lebt in Bonn.

Die Kinder, …… gut lernen, bekommen den Preis.

Das Buch, in …….. schöne Bilder sind, ist auch interessant.

Der Teppich, ……. ich vor kurzem gekauft habe, schmückt mein Zimmer, das ich sehr liebe.

Die Bibliothek, …….. ich gern besuche, ist reich an Büchern.

Die Stadt, ……. Gebäude toll sind, liegt am See.