6.3.1. External fire water supply

6.3.1.1. Each enterprise must be provided with the necessary amount of water for fire extinguishing (based on the requirements of building codes and other regulatory documents).

Fire-fighting water supply networks must provide the required water flow and pressure according to the standards. In case of insufficient pressure at the facilities, it is necessary to install pumps that increase the pressure in the network.

6.3.1.2. Responsible for the technical condition of fire hydrants installed on the water supply network of populated areas are the relevant services (organizations, institutions) that manage these water supply networks, and on the territory of enterprises - their owners or tenants (according to the lease agreement.

6.3.1.3. Fire hydrants must be in good working order and located in accordance with the requirements of building codes and other regulatory documents in such a way as to ensure the unimpeded intake of water by fire trucks.

The functionality of fire hydrants must be checked by persons responsible for their technical condition at least twice a year (in spring and autumn). The manhole covers of underground fire hydrants must be cleared of dirt, ice and snow, insulated during the cold period, and the risers must be cleared of water.

It is recommended to paint the manhole covers of underground fire hydrants in red.

6.3.1.4. In the event that sections of the water supply network and hydrants are turned off or the network pressure decreases below the required level, the fire department must be notified.

6.3.1.5. To monitor the performance of the external fire-fighting water supply network, it is necessary to carry out tests for pressure and water flow once a year with the execution of a report. Testing of the water supply system should also be carried out after each repair, reconstruction or connection of new consumers to the water supply network.

6.3.1.6. Fire hydrants and ponds must have paved access points. If there are natural or artificial water sources on the territory of the facility or near it (within a radius of up to 200 m) - rivers, lakes, swimming pools, cooling towers, etc. - they must have entrances with platforms (Piers) measuring at least 12 x 12 m for the installation of fire trucks and water intake at any time of the year.

6.3.1.7. If it is impossible to directly draw water from a fire reservoir (reservoir), it is necessary to provide receiving (wet) wells with a volume of at least 3 m3, connected to the reservoir (reservoir) by a pipeline with a diameter of at least 0.2 m. Before the receiving (wet) well on the connecting pipelines, it is necessary place a valve in a separate well with a steering wheel located under the hatch cover.

6.3.1.8. The fire-fighting water supply from the reservoirs spent during fire extinguishing must be restored as soon as possible, but no more than that specified in accordance with SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures."

At enterprises with water supply networks, filling fire reservoirs should be carried out from the existing network with pipelines with a diameter of at least 77 mm with the installation of shut-off valves.

6.3.1.9. Fire tanks (reservoirs) and their equipment must be protected from water freezing.

In winter, to collect water from open water sources, insulated ice holes with dimensions of at least 0.6 x 0.6 m should be installed and kept in a condition convenient for use.

6.3.1.10. Maintaining constant readiness of artificial reservoirs, water intake devices, and entrances to water sources is entrusted: at an enterprise - to its owner (tenant), in populated areas - to local governments.

6.3.1.11. In the locations of fire hydrants and reservoirs, signs (volumetric with a lamp or flat with the use of reflective coatings) must be installed (those responsible for the installation - based on paragraph 6.3.1.10 of these Rules) with the following printed on them:

For a fire hydrant - the letter index PG, digital values the distance in meters from the sign to the hydrant, the internal diameter of the pipeline in millimeters, indicating the type of water supply network (dead end or ring);

For a fire reservoir - the letter index PV, digital values ​​of the water supply in cubic meters and the number of fire trucks that can be simultaneously installed on the site near the reservoir.

6.3.1.12. Water towers must be provided with access and adapted for water withdrawal fire equipment in any season. It is not allowed to use the water supply intended for fire extinguishing for domestic and industrial needs.

Markings should be placed on the body of the water tower indicating the location of the device for water intake by fire equipment.

6.3.1.13. It is not allowed to use fire-fighting water stored in tanks, water towers, ponds and other capacitive structures for domestic, industrial and other economic needs.

6.3.2. Internal fire water supply

6.3.2.1. The need to install an internal fire water supply system, the number of entries into the building, the water consumption for internal fire extinguishing and the number of jets from fire hydrants are determined based on the requirements of current building codes.

6.3.2.2. Internal fire hydrants should be installed in accessible places - near entrances, in lobbies, corridors, passages, etc. However, their placement should not interfere with the evacuation of people.

6.3.2.3. Each fire hydrant must be equipped with a fire hose of the same diameter and barrel, a remote start button for fire pumps (if such pumps are available), as well as a lever to facilitate opening the valve. The connection elements of the fire hydrant, hoses and manual fire nozzle must be of the same type.

The fire hose must be kept dry, folded into an accordion or double roll, attached to the tap and barrel, and at least once every six months, unfolded and refolded.

The use of fire hoses for household and other needs not related to firefighting is not permitted.

In fire and explosion hazardous areas where there is dust, fire hydrants must be equipped with fire nozzles that supply water either in a continuous stream or sprayed.

6.3.2.4. Fire hydrants must be placed in built-in or wall-mounted cabinets that have openings for ventilation and are adapted for sealing and visual inspection without opening them.

When making cabinets, it is recommended to provide space for storing two fire extinguishers. The doors of cabinets containing fire extinguishers must be marked with appropriate signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76 "SSBT. Signal colors and safety signs."

The method of installing a fire hydrant should make it easy to turn the valve and attach the hose. The direction of the axis of the outlet of the fire hydrant branch pipe must exclude a sharp bend of the fire hose at the point of its connection.

6.3.2.5. On the outside of the door of fire cabinets, after the letter index “PK”, the serial number of the valve and the telephone number for calling the fire department must be indicated.

The external design of the door must comply with the requirements of current standards.

6.3.2.6. Fire hydrants are subject to maintenance and operability testing at least once every six months by running water and recording the test results in a special maintenance log.

Fire hydrants must be in working order and accessible for use at all times.

6.3.2.7. Installed in buildings with an increased number of floors in accordance with the requirements of building codes, devices (external branch pipes from connectable heads, valves, check valves) for connecting fire truck hoses and supplying water from them to the internal fire water supply network must be kept in constant readiness for use in the event of necessary.

6.3.2.8. In unheated rooms in winter, water from the internal fire water supply must be drained. In this case, the taps must have inscriptions (placards) about their location and the procedure for opening the corresponding valve or starting the pump. All workers in the room must be familiarized with the procedure for opening a valve or starting a pump.

If there are three or more fire hydrants in an unheated room (building) on ​​the dry-pipe network of the internal fire water supply system in an insulated place at the inlet, it is necessary to install a gate valve with an electric drive. It should be opened and the pump started remotely from the start buttons installed inside the fire hydrant cabinets.

6.3.3. Pumping stations

6.3.3.1. A general fire-fighting water supply diagram and a pump piping diagram must be posted in the pumping station premises. Information on its purpose should be provided on each valve and fire booster pump. The order in which booster pumps are turned on should be determined by the instructions.

The premises of pumping stations must be heated; storage of foreign objects and equipment is not allowed.

Pipelines and pumps should be painted in the appropriate color in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76 "SSBT. Signal colors and safety signs", GOST 14202-69 "Pipelines of industrial enterprises. Identification painting. Warning signs and marking panels.

6.3.3.2. The premises of fire-fighting water supply pumping stations in populated areas must have a direct telephone connection with the fire department.

6.3.3.4. Electrified valves must be checked at least twice a year, and fire pumps - monthly and kept in constant operational readiness.

At least once a month, the reliability of the transfer of fire pumps from the main to the backup power supply (including from diesel units) should be checked and the results recorded in a log.

6.3.3.5. The placement of shut-off valves on the suction and pressure pipelines of fire pumps must ensure the possibility of replacing or repairing any pump, check valve, or shut-off valves without stopping the water supply to the external fire-fighting water supply network.

6.3.3.6. At the entrance to the pumping station premises there should be a sign (board) “Fire pumping station” illuminated at night.

6.3.3.7. If the pumping station does not have permanent personnel on duty, then the room must be locked, and the location of the keys must be indicated by a sign on the door.

In order to generate data on coordinating the volumes of water suitable for extinguishing a fire, studies of the water supply system are being conducted, comparing the data obtained with the standards. Accordingly, work on approbation of fire water supply equipment for water yield is carried out in advance before the approval of the document for acceptance, delivery or upon completion of execution repair work. In the same order, water supply testing is carried out on the basic principles of inventory of fire-fighting units and elements once every six months.

The establishment of approbation determines that the source water supply must be examined in the presence of a special commission.

This commission includes:

• general person from construction company;
• subcontractor from the installation company;
• the customer himself.

Water yield is determined based on the results of a study of the base water supply and inspection of fire pumps. This is revealed by testing the functionality of cranes, checking booster pumps and valves. Each pipe is tested for leaks and pressure is determined.

When testing a fire water supply system and checking booster pumps, the following indicators are revealed:

• compliance of pipe scales and elevation marks with the characteristics fixed in the approved design materials. Among other things, it is necessary to indicate the characteristics of the water;
• introduction of costs, which perform a high function when studying a fire water supply for water yield;
• calculation of pressure. The classic value of arbitrary pressure in a water intake unit, located further than the others and located on the highest shelf, must be equal to 2-3 meters of the height of the water flow;
• calculation of the smallest leak and various variations of leaks according to the dimensions of the pipeline.

The study of the water supply system undoubtedly affects the testing of taps. Accordingly, measurements are taken at the peak moment of the day in terms of water consumption dimensions.

For example, the maximum pressure in a drinking water supply must be 0.45 MPa. During the preparation of fire water supply studies, the pressure fluctuates up to 0.675 MPa.