The Federal Security Service is a unified centralized system of federal security service bodies that carries out tasks within its powers to ensure the security of the Russian Federation.

The Russian security agencies trace their history back to the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage (VChK), which was formed in accordance with the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of December 20 (December 7, old style) 1917. Felix Dzerzhinsky was appointed its first chairman.

Since 1917, the security agencies have been reorganized several times and changed their name. In 1922, the Cheka was transformed into the State Political Directorate (GPU), and in 1923 the United State Political Directorate (OGPU) was created. In 1934, state security bodies became part of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD) of the USSR, which in February 1941 was divided into two independent bodies: the NKVD of the USSR and the People's Commissariat of State Security (NKGB). In July 1941, the NKGB of the USSR and the NKVD of the USSR were again united into a single People's Commissariat - the NKVD of the USSR. In April 1943, the People's Commissariat of State Security of the USSR was re-established. In 1946, the NKGB was transformed into the Ministry of State Security (MGB). In 1953, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of State Security were merged into a single Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. In 1954, the State Security Committee (KGB) was created under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. In November 1991, the President of the USSR signed a law on the basis of which the KGB of the USSR was abolished and, for the transition period, the Inter-Republican Security Service and the Central Intelligence Service of the USSR (currently the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation) were created on its basis.

On January 24, 1992, the Ministry of Security of the Russian Federation was formed on the basis of the abolished Inter-Republican Security Service and the Federal Security Agency of the RSFSR (in May-November 1991 - the State Security Committee of the RSFSR, which had the status of a union-republican state committee).

In December 1993, the Ministry of Security was abolished and the federal Service counterintelligence (FSK).

The modern history of Russian security agencies begins on April 3, 1995, when Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed the law “On the Bodies of the Federal Security Service in the Russian Federation,” on the basis of which the Federal Security Service (FSB) is the legal successor of the FSK.

In 2003, the functions of the abolished Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation (FBS RF) and (partially) were transferred to the FSB of the Russian Federation. Federal agency Government Communications and Information (FAPSI) under the President of the Russian Federation.

The federal security service bodies include: Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (federal body executive power in the field of security); territorial security authorities (directories (departments) of the FSB of Russia for individual regions and constituent entities of the Russian Federation); security bodies in the troops (directorates (departments) of the FSB of Russia in the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations, as well as in their control bodies); border authorities (directorates (detachments, departments) of the FSB of Russia for the border service); aviation units; educational institutions, centers; special forces units; research units; expert, forensic units; military medical units.

The FSB of Russia in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

Bodies of the Federal Security Service carry out counterintelligence activities; fight against terrorism; crime control; intelligence activities; border activities; ensuring information security. Other areas of activity of federal security service bodies are determined by federal legislation.

The FSB of Russia has the right to carry out external contacts with special services and law enforcement agencies of foreign states, to exchange with them on a mutual basis operational information, special technical and other means, as well as; conclude international treaties of the Russian Federation in accordance with the established procedure and within the limits of their powers.

Currently, the Russian FSB maintains official contacts with 142 intelligence services, law enforcement agencies and border structures of 86 states. In 45 countries around the world there are offices of official representatives of the federal security service in foreign countries.

International cooperation between security agencies is focused on countering common challenges and threats, primarily international terrorism and extremism, drug trafficking, transnational organized crime and illegal migration.

There is active interaction between security agencies and foreign partners through such international structures and institutions as the UN, the Group of Eight, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the Council of the Baltic Sea States, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Council Russia - NATO, Conference of heads of special services of Turkic-speaking states.

Since 2004, the FSB of Russia has been carrying out activities aimed at deepening multilateral anti-terrorism cooperation between intelligence services in the format of the Regional Anti-Terrorism Structure Shanghai organization cooperation (RATS SCO).

The activities of the Federal Security Service are led by the President of the Russian Federation. The FSB is managed by a director who is appointed and dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation.

The director of the FSB of Russia since May 2008 is Army General Alexander Bortnikov.

According to the director of the FSB of Russia, Alexander Bortnikov, in 2014, the special services and law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation were terrorist-oriented, including eight terrorist attacks. 74 counter-terrorism operations and more than 16 thousand operational combat activities were carried out, as a result of which 233 bandits were neutralized, including 38 leaders. 637 members of the criminal underground and their accomplices were detained. 272 improvised explosive devices, a significant amount of firearms and other weapons were seized from illegal trafficking.

Thanks to the coordinated work of the FSB, security and law enforcement agencies, with the coordinating role of the National Anti-Terrorism Committee, in 2014, 2.6 times fewer terrorist crimes were committed than in 2013. Over the past five years, their total number has decreased by more than nine times.

During special operations, the FSB of the Russian Federation stopped the activities of 52 career employees and 290 agents of foreign intelligence services. During the year, 74 million cyber attacks on official websites were stopped Russian structures And government agencies, over 25 thousand Internet resources with publications that violate the law have been identified. The work of more than 1.5 thousand extremist sites has been stopped.

State security bodies of the Russian Federation in 2014 caused damage to the state from corruption actions in the amount of about 142 billion rubles; over five thousand criminal cases were initiated for crimes of a corruption nature, including 1,590 cases against employees of state corporations and companies with state participation, over 1,200 people were convicted.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

• State System for Detection, Prevention and Elimination of the Consequences of Computer Attacks (GosSOPKA)
• Disk media and means of recording/reading information)

Powers to control the work of computer attack detection centers

2019: Informzashita received the right to perform the functions of the GosSOPKA center for government agencies, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs of Russia

2017

National Computer Incident Coordination Center (NCCI)

In December 2017, a draft order from FSB head Alexander Bortnikov on the creation of the National Coordination Center for Computer Incidents (NCCCI) was published on the federal portal of draft regulations.

According to the text of the document, NCCCI is integral part forces designed to detect, prevent and eliminate the consequences of computer attacks and respond to computer incidents. The main task of the center will be to ensure coordination of the activities of subjects of critical information infrastructure (CII) of the Russian Federation on issues of responding to computer incidents.

To accomplish this task, the center will send notifications and requests to CII subjects, as well as authorities and organizations, including foreign and international, on issues related to detecting and eliminating the consequences of cyber attacks. At the same time, the center may refuse to provide information in cases where this poses a threat to the security of the Russian Federation.

Powers to ensure the work of GosSOPKA

The Federal Security Service (FSB) will now be responsible for detecting and preventing cyber attacks on Russian networks. The corresponding decree was signed by President Vladimir Putin and posted on the website of the official publication of legal acts, publication.pravo.gov.ru. Decree number 620 is called “On improving the state system for detecting, preventing and eliminating the consequences of computer attacks on the information resources of the Russian Federation.” Effective date: January 1, 2018.

This legal act assigns to the FSB the authority to ensure the operation of the state system for detecting, warning and eliminating the consequences of computer attacks (GosSOPKA). This refers to computer attacks on information systems, information and telecommunication networks and automated systems departments that are located in Russia itself, as well as in diplomatic missions and consulates.

The decree lists the tasks that GosSOPKA must perform. These include forecasting the information security situation in the country, ensuring cooperation between telecom operators and owners of information resources in the field of cybersecurity, monitoring the security of Russian information resources and identifying the causes of information security incidents.

In addition to directly ensuring and monitoring the functioning of GosSOPKA, the FSB will be involved in the formation and implementation of state scientific and technical policy in the field of combating cyber attacks, as well as developing methodological recommendations for their detection, prevention, identification of causes and elimination of consequences.

2013

The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation will receive expanded powers to control the work of centers for detecting computer attacks. The corresponding order of the President of the Russian Federation was published on the official portal of regulatory legal acts.

The document amends the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 15, 2013 “On the creation of a state system for detecting, preventing and eliminating the consequences of computer attacks on the information resources of the Russian Federation,” proposing that the FSB be entrusted with the functions of not only creating, but also ensuring control over the state system.

According to the document, the department will organize and carry out work to create and ensure the functioning of a state system for detecting, preventing and eliminating computer attacks on the information resources of the Russian Federation. Among other things, the intelligence service will approve the requirements for information centers, carry out their accreditation for compliance with the requirements, as well as carry out safety assessment activities