The month of Ramadan has arrived, and Muslims, as always, have questions related to fasting during the month of Ramadan. In particular, people who do not observe all the obligations of Islam and do not distance themselves from all its prohibitions are in doubt whether they should fast or not. For example, people who do not perform namaz, or women who do not cover themselves, commit some obvious sins, such people are faced with a choice whether they should fast, whether their fast will be valid if they do not comply with other religious injunctions, commit sins and so on. Each of the people who are in a similar situation asks themselves this question. Moreover, sometimes practicing but ignorant Muslims say to such people: “Why should you fast if you don’t pray, don’t wear a hijab, your fast will not be accepted.”

What needs to be understood here is that the duties of Islam are individual in nature and they are independent of each other. If a person does not perform namaz and fasts, this does not mean that his fast will not be accepted; the validity of the fast is in no way connected with the validity of namaz. The same is true if a woman does not wear the hijab: this does not mean that the hijab is a condition for the validity of the fast - if she does not wear the hijab and fasts, her fast will be counted. Therefore, those who doubt need to cast aside doubts and start fasting, so that fasting becomes the reason for the transformation of a person and his change.

This rule is derived from the Koran, where Allah Almighty says in Surah Baqarah: “O you who believe! (this is an appeal to every believer - to every person who considers himself a Muslim, even if he does not observe the religion). “Fasting is prescribed for you just as it was prescribed for previous communities.” Fasting is not unique to Muslims; it was also prescribed to communities of other prophets as a form of worship.

Further, Allah Almighty says: "Perhaps you will show God-fearing" - that is, perhaps this fast, if you observe it properly, will change you - a person who did not do namaz, if he keeps a fast, this fast will spiritually change him.

Therefore, a person should visit a mosque this month - so that it is not an alien place for a person, so that he knows how to enter there, how to perform namaz - if he does not know how, just watch how other people perform namaz in order to eliminate this alienation modern man, living by non-Islamic values, from the mosque. And the best time for this is the month of Ramadan. Therefore, you need to try to keep fasting in order to see in it not just some custom of your ancestors or magic ritual which is committed without meaning and understanding. And this is an act that changes our heart - when we will experience hunger and thirst and will have compassion for people who do not have food, for whom even water is a luxury. And when we experience this state, it should change us and change our sense of life.

The value of this month is enormous. You need to understand that this month has a certain barakah, the mercy of Allah, and this mercy cannot be obtained by fasting at other times. This is the mercy of Allah that He gives at this time. Therefore Ramadan is best time to repent of your sins, make tawbah and try to change. And if a person does not follow something from the religion, this is the best time to make a dua and ask Allah to give him the courage and strength to follow the religion.

Abu Ali al-Ashari

Recording of an audio lecture given for the Azan.kz website.

What is possible and what is not allowed during the fast? Answering this question, I would like to point out that permitted actions are obligatory, desirable and secondary, just as prohibited actions are strictly prohibited, undesirable and actions that violate the etiquette of fasting.

Mandatory actions Mandatory actions are divided into two categories: internal obligations (rukn) and external obligations (shurut) and the following things can be attributed to them:

The internal obligations of fasting (rukn) are its basis, non-compliance with which leads to breaking the fast: abstinence from food, drink and sexual intercourse from dawn to sunset.

External obligations (shurut) are divided into three types:

· Conditions of obligation (shurut wujub).

· Conditions for fulfilling obligations (shurut adai wujub).

· Conditions for correct execution (shurut sykhah).

Conditions of the obligation:

1. Islam. As is known, fasting is worship for the sake of Allah Almighty, which means that the fasting person is required to be a Muslim and show his submission to Allah and fast for the sake of His face. Fasting is not accepted until a person fasts for the sake of the One Almighty Allah.

3. Coming of age. These conditions are also mandatory for fasting. In Islam, a child or a madman is not legally capable, they are not required to comply with the canons of Islam, but it should be noted that if the child fasts, then the reward will be recorded for both the child and the parents. It is advisable to teach children to fast from the age of seven, but they should be forced to fast when they reach ten years of age. The basis is the words of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: “Teach your children to prayer by the age of seven and beat (force) them when they reach ten years.” Sunun Dar Qutani1\ 230 Making a comparison to prayer, Islamic scholars say that the same situation applies to fasting.

4. Knowledge of the onset of the month of Ramadan. Ignorance in Islam has significance for the forgiveness of sins and the removal of obligations.

Conditions for fulfilling the obligation:

This point differs from the previous one in that those listed above are not required to observe fasting at all, and these two categories are obliged to observe fasting in principle, but are not obliged in this provision, but have the right to observe fasting.

1.Be healthy to fast

2.not be on the road (that is, not be a traveler).

These two conditions for allowing breaking the fast are mentioned in the Qur'an in Surah al-Baqarah in verse 184: "Whoever among you is sick or on a journey for a number of other days."

Conditions for correct execution: Failure to comply with these conditions leads to breaking the fast.

1. Intention for fasting. As the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Every deed is by intention.” Hadith cited by Al-Bukhari No. 1. It is enough to make an intention to fast in Ramadan at the beginning of the month. Even if one does not intend to do Ramadan, the fast will still be considered as if one were holding Ramadan.

2. A woman needs to be clean from menstruation and

3. Postpartum hemorrhage. Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said: “During menstruation and postpartum bleeding, we left fasting and prayer, and only made up for fasting.” The hadith is reported by Imam Muslim No. 335;

4. It is necessary to refrain from actions that spoil the fast.

Desirable actions during fasting:

1. Taking “suhoor” (ed. - breakfast of a fasting person before dawn. As transmitted from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: “Eat before dawn, verily in suhoor there is grace (barakat).” Hadith quoted by al-Bukhari ;

2. Do not delay breaking the fast (ed. - iftar). The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “People will be in good health as long as they rush to break their fast.” Hadith reported by al-Bukhari;

3. Avoid actions that may subsequently lead to breaking the fast (such as long swimming in the pool, bloodletting, tasting food when cooking, gargling;

4. Feed those who are fasting. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever feeds a fasting person, his reward is similar to the reward of the fasting person whom he fed, and the reward of that fasting person will not be diminished.” This hadith is cited by at-Tirmidhi in the book “Targhib and Tarhib” 2\146;

5. Start fasting not in a defiled state. And in case of desecration, it is advisable to bathe before dawn;

6. Pronunciation of dug when breaking the fast (ed. - iftar): "Allahumma lakya sumtu wa ala rizkykya aftartu wa alaika tawakkaltu wa bikya amyantu fagfirli ma kaddamtu wa ma akhhartu";

7. Restrain your tongue from unnecessary words and your body parts from unnecessary actions (such as idle talk, watching TV). Here we are talking about empty deeds; as for prohibited deeds, leaving them is obligatory, such as, for example, spreading slander, lying;

8. Do more good deeds. The reward for good deeds during the month of Ramadan increases up to 70 times;

9. Constant reading of the Quran and remembrance of Allah;

10. Observance of “Igtikaf” (ed. - being in the mosque), especially in the last ten days. Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the last 10 days worshiped in a way that he never worshiped in ordinary times." The hadith is given in the Collection of Muslim No. 1175;

11. Frequent pronunciation of the word “Allahumma innakya afuvwun tuhibbul afwa fagfu anni,” which means, “O Allah, verily you are Forgiving and you love to forgive, so forgive me!”

12. Waiting for the night of Predestination.

Secondary actions, in the observance of which there is neither sin nor reward:

1. Kisses, if the person controls himself. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) kissed his wife while fasting. The hadith is cited by al-Bukhari and Muslim;

2. Application of antimony and incense;

3. Brushing teeth, using miswak. “As reported from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, he constantly used miswak during fasting.” This hadith is reported by at-Tirmidhi;

4. Rinsing the mouth and nose;

5. A short swim. "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) bathed from defilement while fasting." This hadith is reported by al-Bukhari, Muslim;

6. Involuntary entry of snow or dust into the mouth;

7. Unintentional vomiting;

8. Smell smells.

Provisions that are reasons for allowing a person to break his fast:

1. Illness. If fasting is the reason for stopping treatment or intensifying the disease;

2. A path whose distance is more than 89 kilometers. A person becomes a traveler from the moment he leaves the locality in which he lived. If a person began to fast and if he had to go on a journey during the day, then he is strictly forbidden to break the fast on that day. A traveler is allowed to fast during the journey if he is confident in himself and it does not cause him any inconvenience. This is indicated by the verse of the Koran: “And whoever of you is sick or on a journey for a number of other days.” Surah al-Baqarah 184 verses;

3. Pregnancy and breastfeeding, if there is a threat to the child’s health. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Truly, Allah Almighty has removed the obligation of fasting for the traveler and shortened the prayer, and He has also removed the obligation of fasting from pregnant and lactating women.” Narrated by Imam Ahmad, “Ashab Sunnan” book Nailul-Avtar 4\230;

4. Frailty due to old age, incurable disease, disability. All scientists are unanimous in this law. Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said regarding the words of Allah, “And for those who are able to do this, there is a ransom of feeding the poor.” Surah al-Baqarah 184 verse: “These verses concern old infirm people who cannot fast. for breaking the fast, they must feed one poor person for each missed day." This hadith is reported by al-Bukhari;

5. Coercion that does not depend on the person himself.

Undesirable actions during fasting:

1. Taste food;

2. Chewing something;

3. Kisses if a person cannot control himself;

4. Performing actions that lead to weakness of the body and can cause a violation of fasting, such as donating blood during fasting;

5. “United fast” - fast for two days or more consecutively without breaking the fast between them. Messenger. Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, fasted for several days in a row and did not break his fast. His companions also fasted and the messenger. Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade them. Then the messenger. Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “I am not like you, truly Allah feeds me and gives me water.” Hadith cited by Bukhari and Muslim Nailul Avtar 4\219;

6. Gargling;

7. Wasting time on empty talk.

Prohibited actions are actions that violate fasting; they are divided into two types:

1. Actions that violate fasting and require replenishment and compensation (60 days of continuous fasting for one broken day in the month of Ramadan). There are two such violations:

1. Intentional eating during fasting. If a fasting person takes food out of forgetfulness, then his fast is not broken. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever eats or drinks during fasting out of forgetfulness, then let him not break his fast - truly Allah has fed and given him something to drink.” The hadith is reported by al-Bukhari No. 1831 and Muslim No. 1155;

2. Intentional sexual intercourse during fasting. When a Bedouin had sexual intercourse with his wife, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) ordered him to free the slave, and if not, then fast for 60 days continuously, and if he cannot, then feed 60 poor people. The hadith is reported by Al Jamaga, Nailul Avtar 4\214;

Actions that violate fasting and require only replenishment (1 day of fasting for 1 broken day in the month of Ramadan). There are more than 75 (seventy-five) such violations, but they can be arranged in three rules:

1. Swallow something that is not food or medicine, such as a button;

2. Taking food or medicine according to the above provisions, allowing breaking the fast, such as, for example, in case of illness. Mistakenly swallowing water during ablution, making a mistake in breaking the fast (eating food, thinking that the sun has set, but it has not), deliberate vomiting;

3. Incomplete sexual intercourse (when two genital organs did not touch each other), such as the release of sperm when touching the wife.

(for example, a wet dream occurred during the hours of fasting; menstruation ended at night, and the woman did not have time to wash herself; marital intimacy took place before Suhoor or at night, and the husband and wife slept through the morning meal), but the fast has already begun or is still ongoing, this is not should concern the believer. Lack of complete ablution and fasting have nothing to do with each other. The presence of ritual purity is necessary only for performing the next obligatory prayer-namaz.

Questions about this arose during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him), people asked him and his wife, and they were repeatedly told in response that “the lack of ritual purity (full ablution) does not in any way affect the observance of fasting.” .

The opinion of the companions and scholars of the first generations is unanimous that “the absence of complete ablution for one reason or another does not affect the validity of fasting.”

The Koranic text indicates this by allowing the eating, drinking and sexual relations of spouses before dawn, before the azan for morning prayer, and therefore it goes without saying that a person may not have time to renew ritual purity before the time of fasting, because it begins with the beginning dawn, with the adhan for morning prayer.

Is fasting valid if one keeps it after the end of menstruation without performing complete ablution (ghusl)? Rimma.

Yes, the post is considered valid. You have no doubt.

“The Almighty knows that you have deceived yourselves.” Initially, during the month of fasting there was a ban on intimate relationships not only during the day, but also partially at night. Subsequently, as Revelations were sent down, this was canceled. Some, during the period of the ban regarding intimate relationships at night (after sleep), violated it out of weakness and then repented before the Almighty. He forgave them for their offense and lifted the ban. For more details, see, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. At-tafsir al-munir. T. 1. P. 515, 522.

I'tikaf is the stay of a fasting person in the mosque with the intention of being in it, which is characterized by a special, spiritual state aimed at replenishing vital and mental strength. Islamic scholars are unanimous that i'tikaf in the last ten days of Ramadan for men is sunnah, that is, a desirable action.

See, for example: An-Nawawi Ya. Sahih Muslim bi Sharh an-Nawawi. In 10 volumes, 18 hours, volume 4, part 7, pp. 222, 223; al-‘Askalyani A. Fath al-bari bi sharh sahih al-bukhari. In 18 volumes. T. 5. P. 186.

Does a woman fast during haida and nifas (menstrual and postpartum bleeding)?

No, if a woman fasts during such states, she will be sinned.

Should a woman make up the days of fasting missed due to haida and nifas (menstrual and postpartum bleeding)?

Yes, in the hadith narrated from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, it is reported that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said that women do not need to make up the prayers missed during menstruation, but they need to make up the days of fasting missed for this reason ( I'lyaus-Sunan, vol. 1, p. 372)

Does the day of fasting count if a woman starts menstruating a few minutes before the evening adhan?

If the cycle began only after sunset, then the fast is considered valid.

Is a day of fasting counted if a woman’s cycle begins immediately after breaking her fast before night prayer?

If the cycle began only after sunset, then the fast is considered valid.

What to do if your menstrual cycle begins during the week?

It is necessary to break the fast. A hadith narrated by Abu Saeed al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, says: “Doesn’t she give up prayer and fasting when she begins to menstruate?” (Al-Bukhari, no. 1951, Muslim no. 889). After the menstrual period, you will need to make up the missed fasting days.

Is it advisable for a woman who is menstruating to abstain from eating food during Ramadan fasting?

In this state, a woman should not abstain from food and water, but she should show respect to those who fast during the month of Ramadan.

Should a woman fast if she is cleared of menstruation immediately after morning prayer?

Will this day of fasting count? A woman can fast, but that day of fasting will not be counted.

Should a woman make up for a day of fasting if she has cleared her menses just before morning prayer?

If a woman is clean from menstruation before morning prayer and is convinced, even for a moment, that she is clean in the month of Ramadan, then she is obligated to fast and her fast will be valid.

Should a woman make up for a day of fasting if she cleared herself of menstruation before morning prayer, and bathed after praying?

Should a woman make up for the day of fasting if she cleared herself of menstruation and bathed only after morning prayer, performed prayer, and continued to fast?

There is nothing wrong with this if a woman bathed only after morning prayer.

Should a woman fast on the day when her menstruation suddenly stopped before the morning azan, but she did not get up for Suhoor?

If, upon waking up, she did not do anything that could break the fast, then, if desired, you can make an intention according to the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa. In this case, the intention can be made even an hour before the time for lunch prayer. If she makes such an intention and fasts until the end of the day, then her fast will be valid and will not have to be compensated.

What should a pregnant or breastfeeding woman do during Lent?

If a pregnant or breastfeeding woman suspects that fasting may harm her and her baby, she may refrain from fasting and do it later. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a doctor (preferably a Muslim) to see if fasting will harm them and their baby. It must be borne in mind that if a woman keeps fasting in this state and subsequently it turns out that her health or the health of her child has worsened due to fasting, she will be sinned.

If a woman vomits due to pregnancy, is the fast broken?

If vomiting happened involuntarily, then the fast is not broken.

Should a pregnant woman break her fast and prayer if she sees blood a day or two before giving birth, while not yet experiencing pain?

If a woman is not yet experiencing suffering (difficulty), such blood is considered dirty, but not related to generic cleansing. In this case, the woman is obliged to perform namaz and can fast.

Is it possible to take special hormonal drugs that delay the onset of the monthly cycle in order to fast throughout Ramadan without interruption?

This is acceptable, but is considered undesirable. Taking these medications may have side effects and lead to problems with performing namaz (or performing hajj and umrah) in the future. Moreover, these drugs are not harmless from a medical point of view. Allah has ordained humility for the daughters of Adam: fast when nothing hinders you, but if something makes it difficult for you, then break your fast with what Allah is pleased with and commanded, praise be to Him.

Should a woman in labor keep a fast if she was cleansed before the end of 40 days?

Yes, if a woman is pure in the month of Ramadan, then she must fast and her fast will be valid. There is nothing that prevents her from fasting, praying and having intimacy with her husband outside of fasting.

Is it possible to breastfeed a baby while fasting?

Yes, this is permitted; breastfeeding does not affect the validity of the fast. However, it is important that fasting does not harm the condition of the woman or child.

Should a woman in labor keep a fast if postpartum bleeding lasts more than sixty days?

In this case, the woman must restrain herself from worship for another normal period of the cycle, and then she must bathe and stand for prayer. If blood remains, you should consult a doctor, as this may be due to illness.

Will the fast be valid if a woman has slight drops of blood on days other than her cycle?

Even if these drops of perspiration then continue throughout the month of Ramadan, the fast is considered valid. As Ali bin Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “Drops that look like nosebleeds are not menstruation.” White, yellow, cloudy discharge or droplets (perspiration) are not menstruation.

Will the fast of the day be complete if a woman sees blood, but is not sure that it is menstruation?

The fast is valid until it is known that this is the beginning of a cycle. If this discharge was the beginning of menstruation, this day will need to be made up.

Is it permissible for a woman to fast on the day of a miscarriage?

In the event that the fetus has not formed, the blood is not postpartum cleansing (nifas) and the woman can perform namaz and fast, and her fast will be valid. According to scientists, the fetus will succumb in 81 days. A miscarriage before 80 days is considered dirty blood, due to which a woman should not leave prayer and fast.

Can a woman who has constant discharge fast during Ramadan?

A woman who has constant bleeding due to illness interrupts prayer and fasting at the time at which she previously had her cycle. Having counted the days of the cycle, a woman must take a bath, pray and fast. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, ordered women who suffer from continuous discharge to renew their ablution after each prayer.

If a pregnant woman bleeds on the day of Ramadan, how does this affect her fast?

If a woman is sure that this is not menstruation, then her fast is not broken. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “A woman who is menstruating does not pray or fast.”

What to do in a situation where during the menstrual cycle the blood stops and does not appear for the whole day?

If this cleansing (blood) is associated with a cycle, then it is not considered the final cleansing, and therefore the woman is prohibited from everything that is prohibited to women during menstruation.

Should a woman start fasting if she does not have white discharge at the end of her cycle?

If a woman usually determines the end of her period by white discharge, she should refrain from fasting for the entire duration of the cycle. If such discharges in last days A woman usually does not menstruate and has no more blood, she must fast.

Can a woman visit a gynecologist or use drugs that are administered through intimate organs(candles and the like)?

Since the genitals are not connected to the digestive system, inserting medicine or an instrument soaked in medicine into the private parts does not break the fast. Therefore, visiting a doctor or injecting medications into intimate organs does not break fasting.

If a woman gets her period while fasting, can she eat? Or, conversely, what should she do if her period stops during the day of fasting? Will her post be valid in this case?

If menstruation began during fasting, you can eat, but you need to try to do it so that fasting people do not see it. She will need to make up this day of fasting after Ramadan (even if her period started a few minutes before Iftar). If, on the other hand, a woman's period ends during daylight hours (when fasting is obligatory), she should fast until the end of the day out of respect for Ramadan, although this day will still need to be replenished afterwards.

What to do while a nursing mother is fasting?

A pregnant or breastfeeding woman is allowed not to fast if she fears for herself or her child. Our Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah has eased the obligation of fasting and part of the prayer for a traveler, and He has eased the obligation of fasting for pregnant and lactating women” (at-Tirmidhi, 3/85)

Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuhu! Please tell me what should be done if menstruation began 2 hours before iftar? If possible, please bring Dalil. Thank you.

Wa alaikum assalaam wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuhu!

Even if they start a few minutes before Iftar, the fast is broken and that day of Eid will not count, so it will have to be made up later.

Likewise, if a woman clears her period immediately after sunrise, then the fast of that day does not count, and she must make up for it, because dawn found her while she was still on her period.

If menstruation (namely blood) appears after iftar or before dawn (morning prayer), then the fast is not broken, and this day does not need to be compensated.

In one of the sayings, Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said: “The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of the Almighty be upon him, commanded us to make up for missed fasts during menstruation, but not to make up for missed prayers” (quoted by al-Bukhari and Muslim).

The Encyclopedia of Fiqh (18/318) states: “Muslim jurists are unanimous that a woman is prohibited from fasting during menstruation, whether it is an obligatory or voluntary fast, and that it is invalid for her.”

Thus, a woman does not fast and does not perform prayers during her period. As for compensation, only missed days of prayer need to be compensated, and prayers missed on these days do not need to be compensated.