Presentation for the geography lesson "Sea of Japan" (8th grade). Sea of Japan Prepared by Anastasia Kuskova
Kekura Five Fingers (Sea of Japan)
Debris material carried from the beach to the underwater slope is crushed, abraded, rounded, and sorted during movement. Larger material. moves towards the shore by a straight wave moving with higher speed than the reverse, which carries thinner material beyond the lower edge of the bench. Here the formation of an underwater accumulative leaning terrace begins, the flat surface of which, in the process of its development, directly continues the surface of the abrasion terrace. The process of abrasion and retreat of the coast is gradually slowing down due to an increase in the shallow water zone due to the expansion of abrasion and accumulative terraces. The profile of the coastal zone is approaching the state of the abrasion profile of equilibrium, in which neither abrasion nor accumulation of material occurs at any point of the coastal profile.
9.4. Accumulative forms of the coastal zone . Shallow shores with a gentle bottom slope, in contrast to deep, intensively eroded shores, are characterized by the accumulation of clastic material and the formation of accumulative forms. Marine sediments formed in the coastal zone in shallow water conditions -coastal-marinesediments are very mobile. If the waves are directed at right angles to the shore, the sediment will move laterally, and if the waves approach at an oblique angle, the sediment will move longitudinally along the shore. Most often, waves approach the shore at a certain angle, so both types of movement occur simultaneously. As a result various types the movement of fragmentary material forms various accumulative forms of coastal relief.
The most characteristic forms of accumulative types
shores during transverse movement of sediments are
beaches, underwater and coastal ramparts and coastal bars.
Accumulation of sediments in the zone of action of the surf flow called the beach. The beach is an elementary accumulative form within the coastal zone of the sea. The beach is usually composed of larger sediments than the underwater coastal slope. Due to the fact that maximum speeds direct flow are reached at the beginning of movement, near the wave breaking zone, this is where the largest fragmentary material accumulates. Further up the beach, the sediment size naturally decreases.
Based on morphological characteristics, they are distinguished beaches of full and incomplete profile.
Full profile beach is formed if there is enough free space in front of the forming sediment accumulation. Then the beach takes the form of a coastal rampart, most often with a gentle and wide sea slope and a short and steeper slope facing the shore.
If the beach is formed at the foot of a ledge, then a leaning beach, or beach of incomplete profile, with one slope facing the sea.
Beach of incomplete profile (A) and coastal rampart (B) - beach of full profile (according to V.V. Longinov):
1 - bedrock: 2 - beach sediments
Coastal ramparts. A full-profile beach with a coastal swell during the attenuation of storm waves is complicated by smaller swells forming on its frontal slope. In a strong storm, small levees are destroyed, and the material composing them is partially carried away to the underwater slope, and partly thrown over the crest of the levee to the rear slope, increasing the height of the levee and moving it towards the land. With a significant height of a large coastal wall, the latter may no longer be affected by waves, then a new, younger large coastal wall will form at the base of its sea slope. In the process of forming coasts of the accumulative type, a whole series of ancient coastal levees may arise, which will ultimately lead to the build-up of the coast and its movement towards the sea. The structure and location of the coastal ramparts makes it possible to reconstruct the history of the formation of the coast and the position of ancient coastlines.
stretch for tens to hundreds of kilometers along the rugged low-lying sea coasts and usually separate the coastal waters - the lagoon - from the sea. The bases of many bars are located at depths of 10-20 m, and they rise above the water by 5-7 m. Bars are very widespread: 10% of the entire length
The coastline of the World Ocean falls on shores bordered by bars. The bar development diagram is shown in Fig. The emerging underwater bar over time turns into an island bar, and then, as a result of its attachment to the shore, it becomes a coastal bar.
The coastal bar in its development successively passes through three stages - underwater, island and coastal; according to this they differ
underwater, island and shore bars. The underwater bar is formed entirely due to bottom waters, and the wave-breaking flow participates in the formation of the island and coastal bars. The island bar rises above the water, but unlike the coastal bar, it is not connected to the shore at any point
Stages of coastal bar development in plan (a, b, c) and in section(I-II, III-IV, V-VI). a-underwater, b-island, c-shore
Typical examples of a coastal bar are the Arabat Spit on the west coast Sea of Azov. greatest length (200 km). The Arabat Spit, separating the Sivash Lagoon from the Sea of Azov.
Scroll through the presentation for a geography lesson for grade 5 on the topic: “Sea of Japan”
Sea of Japan - the sea is part of Pacific Ocean, separated from it by the Japanese Islands and Sakhalin Island.
Location: Northeast Asia.
Area: 1062 thousand km².
Volume: 1630 thousand km³.
Maximum depth: 3742 m. Average depth: 1753 m.
The Sea of Japan is connected to other seas and the Pacific Ocean through 4 straits: Korean, Sangarsky, La Perouse, Nevelsky.
Korea Strait
Sangar Strait
Strait of La Perouse
Nevelskoy Strait
The Sea of Japan washes the shores of Russia, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the DPRK.
Climate Sea of Japan moderate, monsoon. The northern and western parts of the sea are much colder than the southern and eastern parts. In the coldest months (January-February), the average air temperature in the northern part of the sea is about −20 °C, and in the south about +5 °C. The summer monsoon brings warm and humid air. The average air temperature of the warmest month (August) in the northern part is approximately +15 °C, in the southern regions about +25 °C. In autumn, the number of typhoons caused by hurricane winds increases. The largest waves have a height of 8-10 m, and during typhoons, the maximum waves reach a height of 12 m.
The salinity of the water in the Sea of Japan is 33.7-34.3%, which is slightly lower than the salinity of the waters of the World Ocean.
Tides in the Sea of Japan are clearly expressed, to a greater or lesser extent in different areas. The greatest level fluctuations are observed in the extreme northern and extreme southern regions. Seasonal fluctuations in sea level occur simultaneously over the entire surface of the sea; the maximum rise in level is observed in summer.
According to ice conditions, the Sea of Japan can be divided into three areas: the Strait of Tartary, the area along the coast of Primorye from Cape Povorotny to Cape Belkin, and Peter the Great Bay. IN winter period ice is constantly observed only in the Tatar Strait and Peter the Great Bay; in the rest of the water area, with the exception of closed bays and bays in the northwestern part of the sea, it does not always form. The coldest area is the Strait of Tartary, where more than 90% of all ice observed in the sea is formed and localized during the winter season. According to long-term data, the duration of the period with ice in the Peter the Great Gulf is 120 days, and in the Tatar Strait - from 40-80 days in the southern part of the strait, to 140-170 days in its northern part.
The underwater world of the northern and southern regions of the Sea of Japan is very different. In the cold northern and northwestern regions, the flora and fauna of temperate latitudes has formed, and in the southern part of the sea, south of Vladivostok, a warm-water faunal complex predominates. Off the coast Far East There is a mixture of warm-water and temperate fauna.
In the Sea of Japan you can find octopuses and squids - typical representatives of warm seas. Also vertical walls overgrown with sea anemones, gardens of brown algae - kelp.
In the Sea of Japan there is a huge abundance of starfish and sea urchins, different colors and different sizes, shrimp, jellyfish, small crabs. Bright red ascidians live on rocks and stones. The most common shellfish is scallops. Among the fish, blennies and sea ruffes are often found.
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The Sea of Japan is a sea within the Pacific Ocean, separated from it by the Japanese Islands and Sakhalin Island. It washes the shores of Russia, Korea and Japan.
The northern part of the sea freezes in winter.
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Area and depth of the Sea of Japan
Area - 1.062 million sq. km. Maximum depth - 3742 m. The northern part of the sea freezes in winter.
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The question of naming the sea
In South Korea, the Sea of Japan is called the “East Sea” (Korean 동해), and in North Korea it is called the Korean East Sea (Korean 조선동해). The Korean side claims that the name “Sea of Japan” was imposed on the world community by the Empire of Japan. The Japanese side, in turn, shows that the name “Sea of Japan” appears on most maps and is generally accepted.
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Flora and fauna
Off the coast of the Far East, a mixture of warm-water and temperate fauna occurs. Here you can find octopuses and squids - typical representatives of warm seas. At the same time, vertical walls overgrown with sea anemones, gardens of brown algae - kelp - all this is reminiscent of the landscapes of the White and Barents Seas. There is great abundance in the Sea of Japan starfish and sea urchins, of various colors and sizes, there are brittle stars, shrimps, small crabs (Kamchatka crabs are found here only in May, and then they go further into the sea). Bright red ascidians live on rocks and stones. The most common shellfish is scallops. Among the fish, blennies and sea ruffes are often found.
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Flora and fauna
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Main ports
Vladivostok, Nakhodka, Vostochny, Sovetskaya Gavan, Vanino, Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky, Kholmsk, Niigata, Tsuruga, Maizuru, Wonsan, Hungnam, Chongjin, Busan.
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Economic use
- Fishing; production of crabs, sea cucumbers, algae.
- Sea transport
- Fisheries and mariculture
- Recreation and tourism
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Plan
1. Dimensions and geographical position Sea of Japan. 2. Hypotheses about the origin of the Sea of Japan. 3. The nature of the Primorye coastline. 4. Properties of water masses. 5. Inhabitants of the Sea of Japan.
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Dimensions of the Sea of Japan:
The volume is 1715 thousand m3, the average depth is 1750 m, the maximum is 4224 m. The greatest length along the meridian is 2255 km, the greatest width is about 1070 km. Area - 1062 thousand km². The Sea of Japan (Japanese 日本海 nihonkai, Korean 동해 donghae, “eastern sea”) is a sea within the Pacific Ocean, separated from it by the Japanese islands and the island of Sakhalin.
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Hypotheses about the origin of the Sea of Japan
1. Some scientists believe that the Sea of Japan basin is of oceanic origin. The deep-sea basin is part of the oceanic Pacific floor, and underwater hills and surface islands (Japanese Islands) were formed by the advances and retreats of oceanic waters, which continued until Quaternary time. 2. Another group of scientists suggests that the sea basin was formed as a result of the separation of a large land block in the form of the Japanese Islands from the Asian continent and its further movement east towards the Pacific Ocean.
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The Sea of Japan is connected to other seas and the Pacific Ocean through 4 straits: Korean (Tsushima), Sangarsky (Tsugaru), La Perouse (Soya), Nevelsky (Mamiya). It washes the shores of Russia, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the DPRK. In the south, a branch of the warm Kuroshio Current enters. The cold Primorsky Current runs along the coast from northeast to southwest. Map of the Sea of Japan coast
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In the Sea of Japan, there are surge movements of water that have annual period hesitation. Severe storms at sea are associated with cyclones, which can be divided into two types: tropical (oceanic origin) - typhoons; continental (from the interior of Asia). Sea salinity is 34%0. Movement of tropical cyclones
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Inhabitants of the Sea of Japan: fish (Pacific herring, cod, pollock, navaga, flounder, salmon (chum salmon, pink salmon, chinook salmon), sardine-iwasi, anchovy, mackerel), crabs, sea cucumbers, mammals, shrimp, oysters, scallops, mussels, cuttlefish , squid, algae.
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Kelp Trepang
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Scallop
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Larga seal
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White-sided dolphin Jellyfish Squid
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Among the most dangerous sharks that sometimes swim into the Sea of Japan in the warm season are such species as the great white (white death, carcharodon), gray-blue (mako), basking hammerhead shark (hammerhead shark), shortfin gray shark (spindle shark), Pacific herring shark (salmon shark) and fox shark (thresher shark).
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Hammerhead shark Mako shark - lightning-fast predator
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Sea anemones (anemones) Octopuses Kamchatka crab
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Test Choose the correct answer 1. The area of the Sea of Japan is: A) 80 thousand km2; B) 980 thousand km2; B) 1062 thousand km2. 2. Average depth of the Sea of Japan: A) 750 m; B) 1750 m; B) 4224 m. 3. The shores of the Sea of Japan (choose three answers): A) slightly indented; B) heavily cut; B) cool; D) steep. 4. In the Sea of Japan there are currents: A) Kuroshio; B) Tsushima; B) Guinean; D) Primorskoe. 5. Average salinity of water in the Sea of Japan: A) 30%0; B) 32%0; B) 34%0; D) 35%0. 6. The largest island in the Sea of Japan off the coast of Primorye: A) Popova; B) Russian; B) Putyatin. 7. The largest bay of the Sea of Japan off the coast of Primorye: A) Amur; B) Ussuri; B) Peter the Great; D) Olga. 8. Russky Island is separated from the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula by the Strait of: A) Stark; B) Bosphorus-East; B) Askold; D) Amursky.
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9. According to the species composition of fish, the Sea of Japan ranks among the seas of Russia: A) 1st place; B) 2nd place; B) 3rd place; d) 4th place. 10. In terms of the size of fish stocks, the Sea of Japan ranks among the seas of Russia: A) 1st place; B) 2nd place; B) 3rd place; d) 4th place. 11. The city of Vladivostok is located on the coast of the bay: A) Muravyinaya; B) Golden Horn; B) Ulysses; D) Patroclus. 12. A white-winged porpoise swims into the Far Eastern Marine Reserve, this is: A) Whale; B) Dolphin; B) Killer whale. 13. In winter, ice in the Sea of Japan: A) never exists; B) covers a very narrow strip along the coast of Primorye; C) covers the entire Sea of Japan. 14. In the coastal area of the Sea of Japan, representatives of pinnipeds are found: A) sealed seal; B) walrus; B) sea lion; D) seal.
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Sources: Geography of Primorsky Krai. 8-9 grades: Tutorial for educational institutions of general secondary education. /Baklanov et al. Vladivostok 2000. 2. V.V. Tomchenko. Tests, questions and assignments on the geography of Primorsky Krai. Toolkit. Vladivostok 1998. 3. Kakorina G.A., Udalova I.K. Teaching the course “Geography of Primorsky Krai”. Methodological recommendations. - Vladivostok: Dalnauka. 1997. 4. Internet.
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Thank you for your attention!
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