The history of the creation of the Aeneid.

The main business of Virgil's life was the Aeneid. During the life and work of Virgil, society felt the need for a literary work that, in its scale and perfection, would correspond to the political and military greatness of Rome. Augustus followed the progress of Virgil's work and stimulated it in every possible way. Virgil even traveled to Greece to see the homeland of Homer and the territory where the events he describes took place. But on his return from Greece, Virgil died. Before his death, he asked his friends to burn the Aeneid, because he considered the manuscript not fully worked out. However, August prevented the destruction of the masterpiece and ordered it to be published.

Design. genre and composition.

The idea of ​​Virgil - to glorify Rome, the Romans, Augustus - required a decent artistic form. The Aeneid is connected not only with the Homeric poems, but also with the whole complex of legends and myths about the destruction of Troy, about the fate of the heroes who fought under Troy. The mythological element illustrates the divine origin of Rome.

To fulfill his destiny, Aeneas, according to Virgil's plan, must go through a school of self-denial - from his will and his passions, no matter how humanly understandable, sublime and noble. And, having taken on this burden of Roman fate, having entered into relations that are new in their essence with a mighty state, which the author is aware of as already existing in reality and subordinating everyone and everyone to his power, Aeneas, as it were, becomes the first citizen of this future Rome, and as a literary the image is the first hero endowed with a complex inner world, a struggle of feelings, which in the finale must be humbled by him and subject to the severe duty of a Roman quirite.

mythological basis.

Aeneas is the son of Anchises and Venus, he is also a relative of the Trojan king Priam: both of them traced their genealogy to Dardanus, the son of Zeus, thus Aeneas is of divine origin.

The motif of the brave struggle of Aeneas defending Troy is present in the folk legends about Aeneas. The Roman poets Nevius and Ennius also mention Aeneas as the founder of Rome and a native of Troy.

The progenitor of Rome is the Italian city of Alba Longa, whose founder was Ascanius, the son of Aeneas, who received the name Yul. He is the founder of the legendary Julius family, to which Julius Caesar belongs, as well as Octavion Augustus.

Mythological heroes in the poem exist with real historical persons. While visiting the underworld, Aeneas observes many figures of Roman history there.

Composition.

The poem consists of 12 books, which form two parts. Books 1 to 6 are the wanderings of Aeneas from the fall of Troy to the landing in Italy. This part is reminiscent of the Odyssey, Aeneas can be compared with the cunning and long-suffering Odysseus. In books 7-12, Aeneas is in Italy, fighting with local tribes: battle scenes predominate here. This part is similar to the Iliad, and the hero is likened to Achilles. Each book of the poem has a certain independence and can exist as a separate work.

Artistic features.

The first book, like the Iliad, immediately introduces the reader into the thick of things: before us is Aeneas, who left Troy.

Image of dramatic scenes. from the very denouement of the poem, Virgil reveals himself master of depiction of dramatic scenes. "Lord of storms and clouds of rain", Eoi unleashes the fury of nature on the fleet of Aeneas:

Meanwhile a hurricane roaring storm

Furiously tears the sails and raises the waves to the stars.

Broken oars; the ship, turning, exposes the waves

Own board; rushes after a steep mountain of water.

- retrospective. In the book of the second Virgil, following Homer (the story of Odyssus at the feast of King Alkinaeus), uses retrospective technique. Aeneas on Dido's pen tells about his wanderings.

- Merging the present and the past.

- visions. At night, the shadow of Hector comes to Aeneas, who conjures the hero: "son of the goddess, flee from the fire, save yourself."

- Communication with the gods. Venus comes to Aeneas: "Flee, my son, leave the battle."

The gods in Virgil's epic are already significantly different from those depicted in the Iliad and Odyssey. So, Jupiter and Juno not only do not look like ordinary people, they are majestic and blameless, but they also enjoy absolute reverence for all mortals, and the power of Jupiter lies in his gift of prophecy “without time and limits”: at the beginning of the poem, in a conversation with Juno, he predicts the fate of the descendants of Aeneas - up to the creation of the Roman Empire.

- Prophecies. The power of Jupiter also lies in his gift of prophecy "without time and limits": at the beginning of the poem, in a conversation with Juno, he predicts the fate of the descendants of Aeneas - up to the creation of the Roman Empire. The second prophecy will be proclaimed by Anchises, when Aeneas and the Cuma Sibyl descend into the realm of the dead (Book VI). As you know, the reason for the creation of the "Aeneid" was the desire of Octavian Augustus to raise his family of Julius to Iulu, such was the second name of Ascanius, the son of Aeneas.

- Apparition of spirits. When Aeneas flees from Troy, he loses his wife Creusa, later she comes to him and asks not to "indulge in insane grief."

- Element of the miraculous. During a stop in Thrace, Aeneas hears the voice of Polydor, who was killed by the Thracian king, coming from under the ground. This makes Aeneas quickly leave the "criminal land."

- Love. Love is a passion that subjugates a person. Juno and Venus do not compete, but help Aeneas and Dido. In Virgil, love is like a destructive passion:

The first causal troubles and the first disastrous step

There was this day. Forgetting about the rumor, Dido does not want to think:

He calls his union marriage and covers his guilt with a word.

He was received by Dido and honored by her lodge.

Now they spend the long winter in debauchery,

Forgetting their kingdoms in the captivity of a shameful passion.

Vergelius puts the hero before a choice: love or duty, Aeneas is submissive to the will of the gods.

In the Odyssey, there is a similar situation, but Odysseus's break with the nymph Campos for the sake of his home and Penellope is not tragic, as in Aeneas and Dido.

Style and language.

Virgil tends to thicken colors. Heroes show feelings violently, furiously. The speeches of the characters are filled with pathos.

The scholarship of the poem, the saturation of the text with mythological and historical realities, symbols and allusions.

Aeneas image.

In the image of Aeneas, created by Virgil, those moral qualities that were inherent in the heroes of antiquity and should be reborn among the modern rulers of Rome find a generalized expression. The poet paints his hero as an "ideal Roman" who honors the gods, respects elders, puts the interests of the state above all, courageous and indulgent to the weaknesses of others. The reader admires the hero, worries about his fate, but in general the image of Aeneas is somewhat schematic. Virgil's desire to give a generalized image, based on the ideal worked out by tradition and Stoic philosophy, sometimes leads to some impoverishment of the artistic image.

Addition. Virgil and Homer.

The Roman poet used individual images and motifs from Homer's poems. The Iliad and the Odyssey were always examples of the epic in antiquity, and every poet who created a great epic work considered it his duty to join the Homeric tradition. Just as Odysseus talks about himself at a feast at King Alcinous, so Aeneas tells about his wanderings and the death of Troy at a feast at the Carthaginian queen Dido (2-3rd book). Odysseus descends into the kingdom of the dead, and Aeneas also descends into the underworld (6th book). In the Iliad, scenes of bloody battles and single combats of famous heroes are given, in the second part of the Aeneid, similar descriptions are given. The famous "catalogue of ships" is included in Homer's poem, which lists the Greek heroes who arrived near Troy; Virgil does the same when he talks about the numerous detachments of the Italic tribes, ready for battle (7th book). The Olympic plan is in both poems. Venus - the mother of Aeneas - helps her beloved son. Juno opposes Aeneas, she is the patroness of the city of Carthage and is concerned about his future fate. She knows that Rome must once defeat and destroy Carthage, so she strongly opposes the foundation of the Italian kingdom. She detains Aeneas in Carthage, helps Dido, the queen of Carthage, and in Italy patronizes the enemy of Aeneas - Turnu. The supreme ruler of the gods - Jupiter directs the fate of the heroes. Fate (fatum) is the main spring of action in Virgil's poem. The Aeneid begins with these lines:

I sing battles and my husband. He is the first from distant Troy

Driven by fate, he came to Italy to the shore of Lavina

The heroes of the "Aeneid" fulfill the prescriptions of fate: it leads some to victories, others destroys. Aeneas is forced in the name of duty, fulfilling the dictates of fate, to renounce his love for Dido and leave Carthage. The need to obey fate introduces traits of detachment and sadness into the image of Aeneas. The tragic worldview distinguishes the "Aeneid" from the bright cheerful poems of Homer with their elemental realism. But the humanism of Homer's poems is also characteristic of Virgil's epic. The Roman poet, bowing to the laws of fate, at the same time, with sympathy, warmth and subtle understanding, reveals the inner world of the characters.

Aeneid by Virgil

In the introduction to the third book of the Georgics, Virgil promises to glorify Caesar Augustus and his victories. He performed this in his third work - the poem "Aeneid", representing the processing of the myth of Aeneas; this work he spent the rest of his life. While Virgil worked on his work, rumors were already circulating that something great was about to emerge. Propertius had already written - "give way, Roman writers and Greeks, something more than the Iliad must appear." When the Aeneid appeared, it immediately received recognition as the greatest creation in Latin, and later Macrobius said: "The glory of Maro is such that nothing can be added to it by anyone's praise and nothing can be taken away from it by someone's censure."

The ancients understood and recognized epic poetry as given by Homer. And it was important for Virgil to preserve the tone and colors of Homer in his work. He gave himself this opportunity by referring the action of his poem to prehistoric times.

The hero of Virgil's poem, Aeneas, already represented a certain personality in Homer. He was related to Priam and was close to the dynasty that ruled Troy; he belonged to the younger line of this genus. Aeneas is represented as a shepherd king, he fights with the Trojans and escapes with his people. Homer put a prophecy into the mouth of Poseidon that Aeneas and his descendants would subsequently rule Troy.

Later, the year of the foundation of Rome was calculated astronomically - 754 BC - and a gap formed between the time of the Trojan War and the year of the foundation of Rome. But the noble Roman families traced their genealogy from Troy, considering the legendary founder of the city to be the ancestor. The Romans retained the belief that those portents that were given by Poseidon to Aeneas passed to Rome, and when the Romans waged their wars with the Greeks, they acted as the executors of these portents.

Therefore, a certain heroic image was given to Aeneas not by Virgil, but even before his poem by folk legends. Virgil used this image for his work.

Virgil's Aeneid is divided into two parts. The first part (cantos 1-6) depicts the wanderings of Aeneas, and the material for it is borrowed from Homer and from later Greek poets and historians. The second part (cantos 7-12) depicts the statement of Aeneas in Italy, and since the Greeks had no material for this part, Virgil borrows it from his learning. Virgil finishes his poem for a very long time, but it was not finished; we see this from a whole series of omissions, contradictions, etc. If Virgil himself published this poem, then, of course, all this would be finished off. But the poet did not have time to do this, and the poem after his death, at the behest of Augustus, was published by Varius and Tukka.

Let us turn to the content of the Aeneid.

First song. After turning to the muse, which is usual for an epic poet, Virgil depicts Aeneas and his people, who fled from Troy and have been wandering for the seventh year, sailing on ships from Sicily to Italy; Juno, hostile to the Trojans, asks Eol to release winds on Aeneas ships, he fulfills the request, and the Trojans are threatened with death. But Neptune calms the sea, the Trojans safely land on the shores of Libya, where Queen Dido is building a new city (Carthage). Here the mother of Aeneas, the goddess Venus, is trying to arouse in Dido a love feeling for Aeneas. Dido invites all the Trojans to her place and arranges a feast. At the feast, she asks Aeneas to tell her about the Trojan War and the hero's own wanderings.

Second song. This song begins with the story of Aeneas. He speaks of the fall of Troy (here Virgil used a similar story from Homer's Odysseus). The Greeks left Troy, leaving a gigantic wooden horse; the Trojans brought the horse into the city, but Greek soldiers were hiding in it, who at night helped the rest of the Greeks enter Troy. When the Greeks took possession of Priam's palace, Aeneas decided to flee with the Trojans; he takes with him his father Anchises, his wife Creusa and his son Ascanius. But the wife is lost along the way, and when Aeneas, returning, finds her, she declares to her husband that the will of the gods commands her to perish along with the city.

third song. Here Aeneas continues his story. He says that together with the fugitives he built a fleet at the foot of Ida, then went to Thrace, founded the city of Aenead there; then he visited the oracle on the island of Delos, decided to go to Crete, but, obeying the predictions, went to Italy; there were many adventures along the way with the wanderers, and finally, they were driven by a storm to the possessions of Dido. This is where Aeneas' story ends.

Fourth canto. Its material belongs to Virgil himself; it is not taken from the Greeks. Virgil describes here the passion that Dido kindled for Aeneas. Juno and Venus patronize this love. During a general hunt, Dido is given to Aeneas in the cave. But Mercury conveys to Aeneas the command of Jupiter to set sail from Libya, and Aeneas leaves Dido before dawn and leaves with his fleet. Dido commits suicide in despair by burning herself at the stake.

Fifth song. The Trojans, having sailed from the shores of Carthage, see a glow: that glow of a fire on which Dido burned herself. A storm pushes the fleet of Aeneas to Sicily; here he is staying with the Trojan Acestus; here the Trojans arrange various games, among other things, games representing a cavalry battle, the so-called ludi troiani (Trojan games). At this time, the Trojan women, in order to force their husbands to stay in the land of Aceste, set fire to the fleet of Aeneas. But Aeneas manages to beg Jupiter, and only four ships burn down. After that, Aeneas leaves with the Trojans again to Italy.

Sixth song. Aeneas stops with his fleet at Qom. Here he sacrifices to Apollo, and then goes to the Cum Sibyl. The Sibyl predicts new dangers for him, already on land, and not at sea, and then leads him to Elysium, the underworld, so that Aeneas can see his late father Anchises. Aeneas passes through the underworld, sees the unfortunate shadows of suicides, victims of ungrateful love, and among them Dido, hears the groans from the dwellings of criminals, finally reaches the dwelling of the blessed and here, among others, sees his father. Ankhiz shows Aeneas all his descendants and speaks of future high destinies, which are intended for Rome and the Romans. Then Aeneas, wasting no time, sails with his fleet to Italy, to the country where even Poseidon had predicted the Trojans' rebirth and dominion. — With this, the sixth canto ends, and at the same time the first half of the Aeneid.

Seventh song. Having made a stop on the way in the harbor of Gaeta and passing by the island of Circe, from which screams were heard, Aeneas enters the mouth of the Tiber and decides to land here. Thus begins a new thing in the history of Aeneas: he enters Italy, about which the prophecies spoke to him. Virgil marks this new one with the following words: “Now, Erato, help me tell what the kings were, what the state of affairs was, what the position of the old Latium was at the time when a foreigner with an army first landed on the beautiful fields of Ausonia ... Now begins for me the highest task; I take on a lot of work” (lines 37 et seq.).

Then Virgil reports that in the city of Lavrenta reigned at that time the king Latin, the great-grandson of Saturn. Latinus had no son, but only one daughter, Lavinia. Aeneas, having sailed to Italy, sent envoys to Latinus and asked for land for new settlers. The Latin, who had the oracle's prediction, willingly gave the land and offered his daughter to Aeneas. But Juno, a long-time enemy of the Trojans, aroused Latina's wife, Amata, against Aeneas, and she does not agree to give Lavinia for Aeneas, but wants to marry her off to the king of the rutuli Turn, who had already received a refusal before. However, Latin remains adamant. Then Allekto excites Turnus himself against Aeneas; the leaders of many other Latin cities are also excited against Aeneas, and Virgil enumerates all of them in detail.

Eighth song. While Turnus was gathering allies against Aeneas, Aeneas had a prophetic dream. In a dream, the god of the Tiber - Tiberin - advised Aeneas to turn to King Evander. Aeneas went to him and found him sacrificing to Hercules; Evander was the king of the area where Rome later arose, and the altar to Hercules mentioned here by Virgil is a trace of long-standing relations with Greek merchants. Evander receives Aeneas favorably and leads him through the place where Rome will be, to his palace. Here Virgil has the opportunity to name all the hills and wonderful places of Rome. Evander gives Aeneas four hundred horsemen, led by his son Pallas (in connection with the name Palatine).

Aeneas' mother, Venus, turns to Hephaestus (Vulcan) for help, and he forged a shield and armor for Aeneas (this Virgil borrows from Homer: the shield of Achilles 1). Virgil makes Vulcan forge on the shield of Aeneas all the future glory of Rome and gives here allusions to various later events of Rome. Beginning with verse 678, he speaks of Augustus as the restorer of the Saturn age, and depicts a picture of the Battle of Actia and Augustus leading the Italians to war, with senators and people, with great gods and penates, standing at the stern of the ship, when fire burns around him and shines with him from the height of the father's star. - The end of the eighth song, thus, goes beyond the scope of the epic; here Virgil gives himself up to a subjective glorification of Augustus.

Ninth song. While Aeneas was staying with Evander, Juno, through Iris, aroused Turnus and his allies, and they besieged the Trojans, while Aeneas was absent. The Trojans, in the absence of the leader, did not go to battle, and the allies set fire to their fleet; but the ships turned into sea nymphs and flew away. While the Trojans were besieged, two Trojan youths, Nysus and Euryalus, undertook to inform Aeneas about this. They passed safely at night through the camp of the enemies, but they wanted to take advantage of the opportunity and began to beat the sleeping ones; the allies woke up, and the youths perished. Virgil very sensitively describes the inconsolable grief of Euryale's mother, mourning her son. These lines also go beyond the scope of the epic. The ninth song ends with a description of the attack of Turnus on the Trojan camp and his escape by swimming across the Tiber.

tenth song. Jupiter summoned the gods to a council and advised them to reconcile. Venus talks about all that the Trojans have endured, but Juno objects to her. Finally, the voices of the gods are divided, and Jupiter leaves the matter of the belligerents to fate. At this time, Aeneas appeared to his army with thirty allied ships; he entered into battle with Thurn, and at the beginning of the battle, Pallas, the son of the allied king Evander, fell. Then Aeneas indignantly rushes at Turnus, who is saved by Juno. Following this, fall from the hand of Aeneas Lavz, the son of King Mezentius, an ally of Turnus, and Mezentius himself.

Eleventh song. Aeneas dedicates the armor of Mezentius to Mars and sends the body of Pallas to his father. Then a truce is declared for twelve days. The Latins turned to the Greek hero Diomedes for help, but he advised them to reconcile as soon as possible with Aeneas. The allies agree to this, but Thurn refuses. The battle begins again, the Trojans ambush, and the Volscian heroine Camilla, who was in the ranks of the allies of Turn, dies.

twelfth song. The belligerents have the idea to resolve the dispute by single combat. Thurn agrees to this. Troops are built without weapons. But Juno does not want to come to terms with this; she arranges a massacre in which Aeneas is wounded. The Trojans besiege the Latins; Turnus comes to the aid of the Latins, but, being wounded, refuses his bride (Lavinia). Aeneas is ready to spare Turnus, but he sees Pallant's baldric in him and kills him. This is the end of Virgil's poem 2

Thus, here the poet depicted the fate of Aeneas from the death of Troy to his union with the Latins and the revival of the idea of ​​world power. Having transferred his plot - the glorification of the fate of Rome and the cause of Augustus - to prehistoric times and thus following the path of Homer, Virgil had at his disposal a huge material and great poetic colors. But in essence he was far from that epic calm, which was in Homer; Virgil speaks of feeling and passion; this is especially noticeable in the fourth song, which describes the passion of Dido and her rapprochement with Aeneas, as well as in the ninth song, where the mother weeps bitterly for the dead youths. Virgil also added speeches to his presentation. But they are not like the speeches of the heroes of Homer; there is a great element of rhetoric in them, and Virgil's expositors regarded them as exemplary works of rhetoric. The ancients did not blame Virgil for lack of epic calm. On the contrary, they valued him above Homer. Of course, we can no longer judge in this way, but for us Virgil's Aeneid is the greatest work.

In addition to artistic merit, the Aeneid also had the meaning for the Romans that it gave prophecies about the events of Rome, and these prophecies spoke of the glory and greatness of Rome. In the first song (verse 279), Jupiter says: “For them (the Trojans), I do not set limits to their power, nor time, nor terms. I have given them unlimited power. The third song says: "Here the house of Aeneas will rule over all limits." In the same third song (v. 157): "We, who have passed with you through the stormy sea in ships, will raise the future descendants above the sea and give them dominion." In the sixth canto (verse 852 et seq.), Virgil speaks of the Greeks and Romans, giving credit to the former, but appreciating the latter, and says: "Others will write prose, but you, Roman, remember: your business is to hold the world in your hands." ".

Such statements made Virgil the king of the Roman self-consciousness. He became a school writer, and interpretations of Virgil began to appear very early. One of the commentators should be Virgil [Tiberius Claudius] Donatus, who also owns the biography of the poet, and Servius, the grammar of the end of the 4th century. Donatus's comments are brief, but those of Servius explain the Bucolics, the Georgics, and the Aeneid in a general way.

Notes.

1. See about this shield: G. G. Pavlutsky. About genre plots in Greek art before the Hellenistic era. Ed. 2!e, corr. and additional Kyiv, 1897. S. 53-63. Also curious are the arguments about the shield of Hercules (Ibid., pp. 75-80), as well as about the shield of Augustus (A. B. Egorov. Virtues! The Shield of Augustus // Antique World: Problems of History and Culture: Sat. Scientific Art. to the 65th anniversary of Prof. E. D. Frolov, St. Petersburg, 1998, pp. 280-293). - Ed.

2. See also the analytical presentation of the poem: N. V. Moreva-Vulikh. Roman classicism. pp. 94-183. - Ed.

Current page: 1 (total book has 19 pages) [accessible reading excerpt: 5 pages]

Virgil
Aeneid

VERGILIUS

BOOK ONE

I sing battles and my husband, whoever was the first fugitive from Troy Fate to Italy, sailed to the shores of Lavinia. For a long time he was thrown across the seas and distant lands by the Will of the gods, the vindictive wrath of the cruel Juno. 5 He waged wars for a long time, before having built the city, He transferred the gods to Latium, where the tribe of the Latins arose, the cities of Alba fathers and the walls of high Rome. Muse, tell me about the reason why the queen of the gods was offended, so that her husband, glorious in piety, 10 By her will, endured so many bitter vicissitudes, So many labors. Is the celestials' anger so stubborn? The ancient city stood - people from Tyre lived in it, It was called Carthage - far from the mouth of the Tiber, Against Italy; he was rich and fearless in battles. 15 More than all countries, they say, Juno loved him, Even forgetting the most; here her chariot stood, and here her armor. And the goddess has long dreamed, If fate permits, among the peoples to raise the kingdom. She only heard that it will arise from the blood of the Trojan 20 Genus, which will overthrow the Tyrians of the stronghold into dust. This regal people, victorious and proud of the war, bringing death to Libya, will come: so the Parks were judged. Fear of the future tormented the goddess and the memory of the battles of the Former, in which she defended the kind Argives. 25 Her evil hatred was nourished by a long-standing resentment, Hidden deep in her soul: Saturn's daughter did not forget the Judgment of Paris, offended by contempt for her beauty, And Ganymede's honor, and the royal family hated. Her anger did not weaken; On the seas of the Teucres thrown, 30 That they escaped from the Danes and from the fury of the formidable Achilles, For a long time she did not let her into Latium, and for many years, driven by Fate, they wandered along the salty waves. That's how huge the works that laid the foundation for Rome.

The coast of Sicily was barely out of sight, and the sea 35 Foamed with copper, and joyfully raised the sail, Immediately Juno, hiding the eternal wound in her soul, So said to herself: “Shall I retreat, defeated? Let fate not command me! But Pallas has the strength to burn the fleet of the Argives, and drown them themselves in the abyss All for the fault of one Oilean son of Ajax? The quick fire of the Thunderer herself from the clouds threw And, scattering the ships, stirred up the waves with winds. Ajax himself, 45 The fire exhaled from the pierced chest, 45 The whirlwind was carried out and nailed to the rock with a peaked one.But I, the queen of the gods, the sister and wife of the Thunderer, have been fighting battles with only one people for so many years! honor my altar with gifts?" 50 So thinking in the soul, embraced by the fire of resentment, The goddess hurries to the land, fraught with a hurricane and a storm: There, on Aeolia, King Eolus in a vast cave Noisy winds closed hostile whirlwinds to each other, By power humbled them, curbing them with prison and chains. 55 They murmur angrily, and the mountains with a formidable roar They answer around. He sits on a rocky peak The scepter-bearer Eol himself and tames the wrath of their souls, Or else the sea and the earth and the vaults of the high sky In a stormy gust the winds will sweep away and scatter in the air. 60 But the almighty Father imprisoned them in gloomy caves, He piled mountains on top, and, fearing their evil rampage, Gave them a lord-king, who, faithful to the condition, Can both restrain them and loosen the bridle by order.

Eola began to pray to Juno with these words: 65 "The parent of gods and people, the lord of the sea storms, has given you the power to subdue or raise them again over the abyss. Now the hostile family is sailing on the Tyrrhenian waves, By the sea to Italy, rushing Ilion and the slain Penates. Give great power to the wind and 70 Scatter the ships apart, scatter the bodies over the abyss! Twice seven nymphs, shining with the beauty of the body, I have, but the beauty of all is higher than Deiopeus. For your service I will give you as a wife, I will bind you indestructible for all time union, 75 So that you become a happy parent of beautiful children.

Eol answered her: "Your care, queen, To know what you want, and I must obey the commands. You have won me power, and a rod, and Jupiter's mercy, You give me the right to reclining at the feasts of the Most High, 80 Having made me the lord of storms and clouds of rain."

Having said this, he strikes the side of the hollow mountain with the opposite end of the spear, and the winds in a confident formation Rush through the open door and rush like a whirlwind over the land. Having attacked the sea together, to the deep bottom they disturb 85 The waters of Eurus, and Noth, and abundant storms bearing Afrik, blowing up the shafts and rushing them furiously to the shore. The screams of the Trojans merged with the creak of the ship's rigging. Clouds suddenly steal the sky and the day from the eyes, And the impenetrable night covers the stormy sea. 90 The firmament echoes the thunders, and the ether blazes with fires, Close certain death threatens men from everywhere. The body of Aeneas was bound by a sudden cold. Raising his hands to the luminaries with a groan, he says in a loud voice: “Thrice, four times he is blessed who under the walls of Troy 95 Before the eyes of his fathers in battle met with death! I had a chance to give up the Spirit on the fields of Ilion under the blow of your mighty right hand, Where Hector was slain by Achilles with a spear, where the huge 100 Sarpedon fell, where Simoent carried so much the flow of Shells, helmets, shields and bodies of the brave Trojans!

That's what he said. Meanwhile, like a hurricane, a roaring storm Violently tears the sails and raises the waves to the stars. Broken oars; the ship, turning, exposes its 105 board to the waves; rushes after a steep mountain of water. Here the ships are on the crest of the wave, and there the Waters parted, exposing the bottom and throwing up the sand in clubs. Having driven away three ships, Notus throws them on the rocks (The Italians call them Altars, those rocks in the middle of the sea, 110 A ridge hidden in the abyss), and three carries the ferocious Eurus from the depths to the sandbank (it’s scary to look at them), There it smashes against the bottom and with a shaft sand surrounds. Aeneas sees: on the ship that was carrying the Lycians with Orontes, A wave falls from above and beats with unheard-of force 115 Directly into the stern and headlong carries the helmsman into the sea. Nearby, another ship turned three times on the spot, Shaft driven, and disappeared in the funnel of the whirlpool. Occasionally swimmers are seen in the middle of a wide roaring abyss, Boards float on the waves, shields, the treasures of Troy. 120 The ship of Ilionea and Akhata is a strong ship, The one on which Abant, and the one where Alet is aged, The weather has already overcome everything: in the cracks of the bottom, The weakened seams let in the hostile moisture inside.

Neptune hears while the indignant sea murmurs 125 He feels that the will is given to bad weather, that the Waters suddenly stirred up to the very depths - and in grave anxiety, wanting to survey his Kingdom, he raised his head above the waves. He sees: Aeneas' courts are scattered all over the sea, The waves of the Trojans are oppressing, the sky is crumbling into the abyss. 130 Immediately the sisters of angry wiles were revealed to him. He calls Evra to himself and Zephyr and says to them: “This is what you have come to, being proud of your high family, Winds! How dare you, without asking my will, Mix heaven with earth and raise such huge masses? 135 Here I am! let the foamy waves subside, you will be severely punished for these deeds! Rush quickly and say so to your master: By lot I have been given power over the seas and a trident, It is not for me! So let him take care of them And over the dungeon of the winds Aeolus reigns strong. So he says, and instantly pacifies the troubled sea, Cloud disperses the crowd and brings the sun to the sky. Triton and Kimotoya were pushed from the sharp peak of the rock 145 By the mighty force of the court, and God lifts them with a trident, Opening the way for them through the vast shallows and calming the abyss, He himself flies along the crests of the ramparts on light wheels. So sometimes a revolt suddenly begins in a crowded crowd, and the rootless mob, blinded by anger, rages. 150 Torches and stones fly, turned into weapons by riot, But as soon as they see that a man, glorious in piety and valor, Is approaching, everyone surrounds him and silently heeds the Word, which instantly softens hearts and rules souls. Likewise, the roar of the sea subsided, as soon as the parent, 155 Surveying its smooth surface, cleared the sky before him And, turning the horses, flew in an obedient chariot.

Meanwhile, the Aeneads, tired to land, are righting their way. If only they were closer! - and sail to the coast of Libya. There is a secluded place where he created a quiet harbor, 160 Covering the shore with himself, an island: running from the sea, Here the swell breaks and diverges with a slight excitement. On either side are cliffs; up to the sky Two rocks rose; under the sheer wall is silent Eternally calm expanse. Between the trembling leaves is a clearing, 165 The dark grove overshadows it with a frightening shadow. In the opposite slope, among the overhanging rocks, there is a cave, In it there is a freshwater spring and benches made of wild stone. The nymphs dwell here. Vessels without a leash can stand here at rest, not digging into the bottom as anchors. 170 Seven having collected ships from all their multitude, Aeneas enters this Bay; longing for dry land, the Trojans rush to the shore quickly, lie down on the desired sand, Freely spreading their bodies, moistened with sea salt. Immediately Akhat strikes a bright spark from flint, 175 The dry leaves caught fire, plentiful food Gave branches to him - a flame flared up from the flint. Having taken out the soaked bread and the good tools of Ceres, People, forgetting their fatigue, carry the saved grains, To dry them on the fire, grind them between two stones. 180 Meanwhile, Aeneas himself, having climbed a high cliff, Looks around the space: are Kapis or Antaeus driven by the wind sailing, can you see the Phrygian ships And if the shields from the high stern of Caikos flash. There are no ships in sight! But above the sea, he remarked, three large deer roam; in a long line behind them The whole herd follows them and grazes through the green valleys. Aeneas froze in place, and Ahat quickly grabbed the fast arrows and bow worn by the faithful. First he laid down the leaders themselves, who wore high 190 Proud dress of branched horns; then he scattered the herd with arrows through the green groves. Aeneas did not finish before he threw down seven huge deer to the ground, equaling their number with the number of ships. The victor goes to the harbor from there, divides among the satellites 195 The wine that the good Akest brought, having filled the jugs, As a gift to the Trojan guests who left the coast of Trinacria. Having dressed everyone with wine, he encourages the grieving hearts: "O friends! We have met with misfortune before! The most difficult thing is behind us: and our torments 200 God will put an end to; Throw away your fear and perk up! Perhaps it will be sweet to remember this in the future. Through all the vicissitudes, through all the trials, we strive 205 To Latium, where rock opens peaceful refuges for us: There it is destined to rise again the Trojan kingdom. Be strong now, friends, and take care of yourself for happiness!" So he says to his friends and, tormented by grave anxiety, Pain suppresses in his soul and looks with feigned hope. And carcasses are chopped into pieces, and trembling flesh is pierced with spits, Cauldrons are set on the sand, and fires are kindled by the sea. feast, They again commemorate their comrades-in-arms, lost in the sea, And, wavering in their souls between hope and fear, they wonder whether friends are alive or died long ago and do not hear the callers. Also grieves for the brave Geass and the brave Kloant.

The feast is over; at that moment, from the height of the ether, Jupiter, The plain of the sailing seas, the stretched lands 225 And having surveyed the tribes widely settled in the world, He stood on the top of the heavens and fixed his gaze on Libya. Here to the Father, who was full of such worries in his soul, Sad, tears in his shining eyes, - Venus comes up, Says these words: "We are given the deeds of immortals and mortals Parent? Trojans What are they to blame for, tell me? Why is it that for them, who have suffered so many losses, the whole world is inaccessible, except for the countries of Italy? I know: the years will pass, and from the blood of ancient Teucer 235 There, in Italy, the race of victorious Romans will rise, They will rule with sovereignty By sea and land, You promised. Why did your decision change? Seeing Troy's decline and ruin, I consoled myself with the thought that a different fate would outweigh the fate of the Teucres. Could the hero Antenor, having slipped out of the hands of the Achaeans, Penetrate into the bays of Illyria, into the depths of the Liburnian kingdom And cross without harm the seething Source of Timava 245 Where, escaping from the depths of the mountain through nine throats, He tramples the fields, he is like a noisy sea. There Antenor founded Patavius ​​- the shelter of the Teucres, He gave the name of the tribe and hung the weapons of Troy; In a sweet world now he lives, not knowing anxiety. 250 We are your offspring, you promised us the chamber of heaven, We, having lost the ships, because of the wrath of one goddess (It's terrible to say) again found ourselves far from Italy. Here's to piety! Are you reviving our power like that?"

The creator of the immortals and mortals smiled at her in response. 255 With his bright smile that drives away bad weather from heaven, The father touched his daughter's lips with a kiss and said: thou art magnanimous Aeneas 260. My invariable decision. Now I will prophesy to you, for this care torments your heart, and I will unfold the secrets of fate before you: He will fight for a long time in Italy, and will break many brave tribes, and laws and walls 265 The third summer until he sees how he rules Latium, Three times the winter will not pass from the day when the rutul reconciles. the revolution of the moon will not measure 270 Thirty great circles, having transferred the kingdom from the places of Lavinia, he will exalt with power the Long Alba.In it, the Hector family, having reigned, will remain in power Three hundred times full years, until the princess and priestess Elijah gives birth to two twins, conceived from Mars . 275 After that, with the skin of a gray-haired she-wolf-nurse proud, Romulus will create his kind, and He will erect strong walls of Mars, and he will call his name the Romans. But I do not put any limit or term on their power, I will give them eternal power. And stubborn even Juno, 280 The fear of which oppresses the sea, and the earth, and the sky, Will turn all thoughts for their good, with me cherishing the Romans, the rulers of the world, the tribe clothed with that. So I decided. Years will fly by, and the time will come: The clan of Assarak then glorious Mycenae, Phthia 285 Will own and keep the defeated Argives in captivity. Caesar will also be born of the high blood of the Trojans, Power will limit his Ocean, stars - glory, Julius - he will take the name from the great name of Yul, In the sky you will accept him, weighed down by the glorious prey of 290 Eastern countries; prayers will be sent to him. Then the cruel age, forgetting about battles, will soften, With brother Rem Quirin, gray-haired Loyalty and Vesta Will give laws to people; cursed doors of war Strong iron closes; inside unholy fury, 295 Bound by a hundred knots, seated on a pile of weapons, It will grumble terribly, ferocious, with a bloody mouth."

So he said and sends from heaven born of Maya, So that Carthage, the land and a new fortress for the Tevkrov, Opens its door, so that Dido in front of the guests, contrary to the will of fate, inadvertently does not close the borders. Rushing, floating on wings, through the air to Libya, the messenger, There fulfills the order: at the behest of God, the Punians Immediately forgot their cruelty; The first queen, Bowing her heart to the world, was filled with friendliness towards the Teucres.

305 The pious Aeneas, from worries and thoughts, did not close his eyes all night, in the morning, only the blessed dawn dawned, He decided to find out everything: where they were thrown by the wind, Who owns the country (the coast was uncultivated) People or animals alone, and immediately tell the companions. 310 The fleet under the vault of the forests sheltered in a rocky depression, Where the trees around hang a frightening shadow, Aeneas set off on his way, taking only Akhat with him; He walked, clutching in his hand two lances with an iron sting. His mother appeared to meet him in the middle of the dense forest, 315 Assuming the guise of a virgin, putting on the weapon of a maiden Or a Spartan woman, or that Thracian Harpalica that rushes at a gallop, driving horses, overtaking the winged Eurus. A light bow over the shoulder in a hunting manner is thrown, Curls are given to the power of the breezes, a loose dress 320 Gathered into a knot, opening bare legs to the knees. She is the first to say: "Hey, young men, you tell me, Perhaps you have seen my sisters? Here they roam, Each wears a quiver and is dressed in the skin of a spotted Lynx; they drive a ferocious boar with a cry."

325 So Venus, born of Venus, said in response: “No, I have not seen or heard your sisters here, virgin, What should I call you? "Or Phoebe is a sister, or with the nymphs of the same blood. 330 Be happy, whoever you are! Ease our care: Where are we, under what sky, on the shore of which edge We were brought, you open. Neither people nor place knowing, Here we wander, where we have been washed up by the waves and the wind. We will slaughter plentiful sacrifices before your altar."

335 She answers them: “I am unworthy of such an honor. The girls of Tyre, all wear such quivers, They walk with their legs wrapped in a belt of purple koturnes. , from a brother from Tire To this land that fled. Great is the insult, and the story of her is also great: I will tell you only about the main thing. She was her husband Sikhey, the richest among the Phoenicians. 350 Dido's treacherous brother Pygmalion reigned in Tire at that time, having surpassed all mortals in criminal deeds.The strife between them began, and he, the impious one, secretly slew Sycheus before the altar with a treacherous iron, 350 He despised his sister's feelings, blinded only by thirst for gold. For a long time he hid his villainy from a languishing widow, With a vain hope he slyly entertained his beloved sister, But one day in a dream the ghost of the Unburied One's husband appeared to her, Raising his marvelously pale face, 355 He revealed his pierced chest before her, He revealed everything to her About the defiled altar, about murder hidden in the house. The ghost convinced her to leave her homeland as soon as possible And, in order to help escape, the ancient treasure showed her Gold and silver, in a secret buried place. 360 Obedient to her husband, wife looking for companions to escape, All in whom fear was strong or evil hatred for the tyrant Converge to her. Having seized the ships that were ready to sail, they loaded them with gold. They take the stingy Pygmalion to the treasury. A woman is leading the flight. 365 In these places sailed, where now you see the mighty Walls, where the new fortress of Carthage now rises. Here they bought a piece of land, as much as it is possible to cover with one Skin of a bull (that's why the name Birsa). But tell me, from which shores you are sailing, 370 Who are you, where are you striving?" And Aeneas answered this, His voice escaped from his chest with a heavy sigh: "If you start my story from the first reasons, goddess, You will not have time to chronicle our labors hear in a day, Before Vesper rises and the gates of Olympus are shut. 375 We are sailing from Troy (and perhaps the Name of Troy has reached your ears); on the waves, on the water plains We rush everywhere; the storm brought us here. The pious one I call Aeneas; saved penates I take away from the enemy, glorified by rumor to heaven. 380 Genus from Jupiter is mine; I sailed in despair to Italy, Following the will of fate. Mother Goddess showed me the way. On twenty ships I went out into the expanses of Phrygian, Now there are seven of them, broken by waves and wind. But I, unknown and sir, wander through the Libyan deserts, 385 There is no way for me to Europe, and there is no return for me to Asia. Then his mother interrupted him, unable to hear her complaint: “I believe: whoever you are, it’s not against the will of the Almighty 388 You drink life-giving air if you arrived in the city of the Tyrians. 390 I announce to you that the satellites with the fleet will return, the wind will change his run and rush them to a safe harbor, If not in vain did my ancestors teach me divination. You see: there twice six swans fly in a row. Falling from the high heavens, the winged satellite of Jupiter 395 dispersed them; descending, they survey her. Here they all gathered, flapped their wings noisily, Again the whole flock soared, girded the sky with a click. Likewise, your friends’ ships or stand on the moorings, 400 Or, raising their sails, swim into wide mouths. Don't turn off this road."

Having spoken, she turned back, and her brow lit up with the radiance of Scarlet, and the smell of Ambrose spread around from the curls, And her clothes slipped down to the heels, and immediately 405 Step betrayed them the goddess. At the same moment, the Mother recognized Dardanides and exclaimed after the fleeing woman: “Why did you introduce your son, cruel, with a false appearance, You were mistaken more than once? Why didn’t you let me connect your hand with your hand, nor hear your true voice?” 410 So he reproachfully said and directed his way to the walls. Then Venus surrounded the marchers with dark air, The goddess thickened the clouds around them, so that not a single person could see or touch them Or stop them along the way and ask about the reason for their arrival. 415 After that, the dear air itself departed for Paphos To its kind shelter, where Sabaean incense is smoked in the temple on a hundred altars and wreaths are poured with fragrance.

In the meantime, the men set off on their way, obeying the path, Ascending the slope of the hill that rose above the new city 420 And looked from a height at the stronghold growing nearby. Aeneas looks, amazed: in place of the huts - bulks; He looks: the people are striving from the gate along the paved roads. Everywhere the work is in full swing among the Tyrians: walls are being erected, Cities are building a stronghold and rolling stones with their hands 425 Or they choose places for houses, encircle them with a furrow, 427 Deepen the bottom in the port, and there the foundations of the theater Strong quickly lay or carve huge ones from the rocks Many powerful columns - decoration future scene. 430 Thus, through the flowering fields under the early summer sun, the bees work: alone, mature offspring are brought out On their first flight; others, meanwhile, collect flowing Honey and fill their honeycombs with sweet nectar. Those sisters who arrive receive cargo, and these, 435 Lined up, drive herds of lazy drones from the hives: Everywhere work is in full swing, and aromas float from honey. "Happy are those for whom strong walls are being erected!" Thus exclaims Aeneas, and the city dwellers look at the roofs. He enters the city, covered (oh, miracle!) with a dense cloud, 440 Crowds enter the thicket, remaining invisible to everyone.

There was a grove in the city; under her friendly canopy On the day when they were thrown into Libya by wind and storm, The sign of the Tyrians found, revealed by Queen Juno: The swift skull of a horse, - then, that for many centuries 445 Their family will be brave in battle and will not know the need. Here Dido erected a majestic temple to Juno, He was rich in gifts and demanded by the goddess in love; Copper steps led to the entrance; the beams were fastened with Copper, the door spikes made of shining copper creaked. 450 As soon as the temple between the trees was opened to the eyes of strangers, Aeneas's fear subsided: hope for salvation again The hero dares and in the midst of troubles again to believe in the future. Having entered the temple vestibule, in anticipation of the arrival of Dido, He looks at wonders, amazed by the riches of the kingdom, 455 He marvels at the dexterous hands of the masters and their skillful labors. Here, one after another, he sees the Ilion battles, The rumor of which the rumor spread throughout the whole world: Here are Atrids, and Priam, and Achilles, both terrible. Standing in front of them, Aeneas with tears says to Akhat: 460 "Where, in what direction have they not heard of our sufferings? Here is Priam. Here, too, he was rewarded with posthumous praise. Tears are in the nature of things, touching the souls of Mortals everywhere; save us, perhaps." He speaks and delights his soul with an incorporeal picture, 465 He weeps, and tears irrigate his face in an abundant stream, For he again sees terrible battles near Pergamum: Here the Achaeans flee, and the youths of Troy crowd them, Here Achilles flew into the Phrygians in his chariot, Shining with a shaggy helmet; and there, with tears, he recognized 470 White tents of Res in the picture: many, embraced by the First traitorous dream, were killed by the bloodthirsty Diomedes, He led the hot horses to the Greek camp, which had not had time to taste the grass and water from Xanthus from the Trojan pastures. Here is another Troilus in the picture, dropping his shield: 475 The unfortunate youth flees from an unequal battle with Achilles, He fell on his back, but the horses race an empty chariot; Without releasing the reins, he drags along the ground with the back of his head, And the tip of the dust furrows the battle spear. Meanwhile, the merciless Pallas Trojan women are walking towards the temple, 480 Having loosened their curls, they carry a veil to the goddess, Mournfully pray to her, striking her chest with their palms; But Minerva turned away from them and lowered her eyes. Achilles drags Hector three times around the walls of Ilion, He sells his body for gold to the old man Priam, 485 A loud groan escaped from Aeneas' chest, as soon as He saw the armor, chariot and other remains, He only saw how Priam stretched out his unarmed hands. He also recognized himself in a battle with the leaders of the Achaeans, Nearby - aliens from the countries of the Dawn - Memnon's army. 490 Here are the rows of Amazons with shields, like a sickle of the new moon, Penthesilea leads, seized by a furious ardor, She pulled her naked breasts with a golden bandage, The virgin warrior, is not afraid to enter into battle with men.

At that time, as the Dardanian Aeneas looked and wondered, 495 Not taking his astonished gaze away from the pictures for a moment, The queen herself, beautiful in the sight of Dido, Went to the temple, surrounded by a crowd of Tyrian youths. So on the Evrota shores or Kinthos ridges Diana leads the round dances, and mountain nymphs gather to her: 500 Thousands of them from everywhere follow her, - she also wears a quiver behind her back and surpasses them all in growth (The heart of Latona then fills with silent joy), Likewise, full of fun, Dido spoke among the crowd, devoting the Dumas to labors and concerns about the future kingdom. 505 Entering the temple vestibule, under the vaulted roof, the queen Immediately sits on the throne, and the guards surround her; The court administers and gives laws to men and works Equally divides it or appoints them by lot. Suddenly Aeneas saw: in the midst of a large gathering of people 510 The brave Kloant and Antaeus and Sergest are approaching the temple, Tevkry following them, whom the fierce winds, Scattered apart across the sea, carried to other coasts. Aeneas froze, amazed, amazed Ahat shuddered; It is frightening and joyful for them: the hand of their found companions 515 They long to shake hands, but the unknown confuses their hearts. Suppressing their feelings, both listen from behind a cloud, What friends experienced, for which they came to the Tyrians, Where they left the fleet. For from every ship messengers were hastening to the temple now and begging for mercy loudly.

520 After they were led in to the queen and given their word, Ilionaeus, the eldest of them, said sedately: “O queen, Jupiter gave you the gift of erecting a city and arrogance to humble the wild tribes with justice! The Trojans pray to you, driven by the seas by the wind: 525 Spare us, save the ships from fire! Our race honors the Almighty, so look favorably on us. We did not come with a sword - to destroy the Carthaginian penates, Not to rob you and rush off with booty, Violence is alien to us, and there is no arrogance 530 There is a place in the west, what the Greeks call Hesperia, In this ancient country, fertile, powerful weapons, Formerly lived the men of Oenotra; now their descendants Have taken the name of the leader and called themselves "Italians." We kept the way there. 535 Suddenly obese Orion rose above the depths of the sea, Daring winds carried the ships to hidden shallows, The storm, having overcome us all, swept over the waves and over the rocks Impenetrable ships, only a few ended up here... What kind of people live here, if they don’t let us step on the sand? 540 What kind of barbarian land, if it tolerates such customs? We, threatening with war, are forbidden to go ashore! If you despise people and the weapons of mortals, Fear the immortal gods that remember both honor and wickedness. Our king was Aeneas: justice, courage in battles 545 And piety no one in the world could compare with him. If fate spared him, if he breathes the air, if he sees the ether and did not descend to the cruel shadows, there is no fear in us. Yes, and you will not repent if you hasten to render the First service to us: in the regions of the Sicilian 550 there are cities and troops, and Akest is a Trojan by blood. Let us only be allowed to bring the fleet, broken by a hurricane, To get logs from the forest, to fit them, to carve out oars. If again we find a king and companions, if we can sail to Italy, then we will joyfully direct our path 555 To Latium, to Italy we. But if you died in the Libyan Sea, our father, and there is no hope for Yul, We will go to the Sicilian straits, from where we sailed, We will be ready to seek shelter in the kingdom of Akestus.

Modestly lowering her gaze, Dido briefly answered them: “Tevkry, cast off fear, drive away worries from the heart! Our kingdom is young, the danger is great; knows Who has not heard of the fire of war, of the bravery of the Trojans? No, the hearts of the Punians are not so hardened in their chests, The sun does not drive away horses from the Tyrian city. If you are in the great Hesperia, to the arable land of Saturn, 570 to the kingdom of Akest, I will help you, I will give you supplies, I will let you go unharmed. But if you want to stay with me in my kingdom, The city that I build is yours! Bring the ships! Trojan and Tyrian will always be equal before me. 575 If only Your king Aeneas, caught up in the same hurricane, Has arrived here! And I will send messengers all over the coast and order them to search Libya to the extreme limits: maybe he wanders through the forests or villages.

Brave Akhat and parent Aeneas from the speech of the queen 580 Spirit perked up in an instant and yearn to break through the cloud. Akhat is the first to encourage Aeneas: “Son of the goddess, tell me, what kind of thought has arisen in your soul? You see, there is no danger, and the satellites with the fleet have returned. predictions of Venus. As soon as he uttered this, the cloud that had been poured around them immediately broke apart and melted into pure ether. Aeneas stood before the people: his shoulders and face shone with divine light, for the mother herself bestowed beauty and youthful splendor on the son of curls, lit a proud fire of joy in the eyes of the hero. Thus ivory is adorned by art, and marble or silver in a golden frame shine brighter. Unexpectedly presenting his eyes, to the assembly of everything and to the queen 595 So he addresses: "The Trojan Aeneas is in front of you, The one you are looking for, saved from the Libyan Sea. "We, deprived of everything, who have experienced in the seas and on land 600 So many hard labors, you accept into your house and city. We are not strong enough now to give you thanks, All, how many of them there are in the world, do not do this tevkram. If the Almighty honor piety is justice Here on earth, the thought that you have acted as you should, 605 Will be your reward. Isn't the Age that gave birth to you happy? Are your parents not worthy of glory? the luminaries sparkle in the sky, Thy name will remain in praise and honor until then, 610 of the Earth, no matter what they call us. Having spoken, Sergest He embraced with his left hand, and with his right - Ilionea, the Brave afterward attracted Geass with the brave Kloant.

The legendary poem "Aeneid" is included in the compulsory school curriculum for good reason. It is so rich in images, mythological elements and historical events that it can be called a real encyclopedia of the ancient world. In addition, Virgil in the poem "Aeneid" wrote not only about wanderings and battles. Part of the work is devoted to sincere all-consuming love, which will not leave readers indifferent.

About the poet

At the end of the last century in the city of Sousse (Modern Italy), a wall mosaic was accidentally excavated, thanks to which we can see the image of Virgil. The poet was depicted there dressed in a white toga, and next to him were the muses of history and tragedy. Virgil's face is depicted as simple, as literary critics and historians will later describe it - "peasant", but at the same time very bright and spiritual.

The full name of this great poet is Publius Virgil Maron. He was born in 70 BC. e. in a small village near Mantua in a landowner's family. Surrounded by hardworking peasants, he grew up loving and respecting the work of the common man. The future poet was educated in Milan and Rome. Later, it was about Rome that Virgil would create his brilliant poem (“Aeneid”, a summary of which can be found in the article).

After the premature death of his father, the poet returned to his native estate to take the place of its owner. As a result of internecine wars, the estate will be taken away, and Virgil will be expelled from his own home.

In 30 BC. e. the collection "Bucoliki" is published, in which the well-known Gaius Cylinus Maecenas is interested. Later, the collection of "Georgics" will be published, after which a monumental work will begin - Virgil's poem "Aeneid". The poet will give this work the last decade of his life.

Briefly about the work

Virgil's grandiose poem "Aeneid" was created for ten years. The master reworked his work many times, sometimes changing it in whole parts.

To depict the scenes in the poem as realistically as possible, the writer goes on a journey. His plans were to visit many cities in Greece and Asia, but his trip was cut short by illness, after which in 19 BC. e. Virgil has passed away. Nevertheless, the brilliant poet managed to create this world-famous work, put all his knowledge and soul into it.

Mythological sources of Virgil's Aeneid

It is known that the great poem had a mythological basis. It is believed that the story of Aeneas's travels is a reminder not even of the Roman, but of a different culture. Later, with the light hand of the Greek poet Stesichorus and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Aeneas became the founder of Rome. The legend of the brave young man was widely known, which inspired Virgil. The Aeneid was created on the basis of a legend, but it is a completely independent work. This creation is original and original, it contains both historical facts, legends and real events, as well as the author's style, verified plot moves and living extraordinary characters.

It is also worth saying that the Romans sacredly honored the memory of Aeneas. Many aristocratic families tried to bring their origin from this hero. Thus, they wanted to affirm that they are the descendants of the gods, since Aeneas himself was the son of the goddess Venus.

Trojan cycle of myths

The mythological basis of Virgil's poem "Aeneid" is on their basis the "Iliad" and "Odyssey" of Homer were created. These are approximately forty myths that tell about the beginning of the death of Troy and the further fate of the heroes.

The first myth "Peleus and Thetis" tells about the wedding of the sea goddess and a mere mortal. All the inhabitants of Olympus were called to the celebration, but the invitation was not sent to the goddess of quarrels, Iris. In a fit of resentment and anger, she threw it on the table where three goddesses were sitting: Athena (Minerva), Hera (Juno) and Aphrodite (Venus). On the apple was written: "To the most beautiful." Of course, the goddesses began to argue about who was entitled to this gift. The young Trojan Paris was asked to judge them, and he, tempted by the promise of Aphrodite to get the most beautiful woman, gave the apple to her. The other two celestials hated both Paris himself and his city. Later, Paris will steal the most beautiful woman in the ancient world - the wife of the Spartan king Helen. Her husband, armed with the support of two offended goddesses, will go to war against Troy and destroy her.

This is where the dislike of Hera-Juno for Aeneas, the son of Aphrodite, originates. Virgil well described the consequences of this hostility in his poem. "Aeneid", a summary of which we are considering, will tell you about the obstacles and troubles that the main character had to endure.

Many scholars wonder why Virgil wanted to burn the Aeneid.

It turns out that when the work was ready, the poet often returned to it, changing individual words, parts, and even the general structure. When Virgil fell seriously ill and took to his bed, there was no strength to continue working on the poem. She seemed unfinished and imperfect to him. In an insane fit of dissatisfaction with himself and his work, the great ancient Roman poet wanted to burn his creation. There are two versions of why he did not. Perhaps his friends stopped him, or perhaps he changed his mind himself, and, fortunately, the magnificent memoir of Roman literature was preserved.

Parallels with Homeric works

Virgil's poem "Aeneid" consists of two parts, six books each.

The first part tells about the wanderings of the protagonist - Aeneas. Here, literary critics very often draw parallels with Homer's Odyssey. Aeneas, just like Odysseus, returns from the Trojan War, just like the king of Ithaca, he tries to save his fleet against the will of the gods unfavorable to him. He dreams of finding peace and not wandering around the world.

Another general trend is the theme of the shield in the poems. In the Homeric Iliad, a whole song is given to the shield of Achilles, just like Virgil in the eighth chapter of the second part contains a detailed image of the shield of Aeneas, which depicts the foundation of Rome. The first six books will describe the hero's wanderings by sea and land, his stay with the Carthaginian queen Dido, the moral quest between the will from above and his own desires.

The second part is dedicated to the gods of Rome, which evokes associations with the Iliad. It tells about a new war, where Aeneas will have to fight, and about the intervention of higher powers.

First part

Virgil's poem "The Aeneid", a brief summary of which we present to your attention, begins with the traditional "song" for the genre. In it, the poet turns to the muses and talks about the difficult fate of Aeneas, the fault of which was the wrath of the goddess Juno (in Greek mythology - Hera). This is followed by a story that the gods in the age of heroes very often descended from Olympus to earth. They went to mortal women to bear them sons. Goddesses did not favor mortal people. The exceptions were Thetis (from whom Achilles was born from a union with a mortal) and Aphrodite, who gave birth to Aeneas, which will be discussed.

The action of the poem takes us to the sea surface, which cuts the ship of the protagonist. He sails to the young city of Carthage. But Juno does not sleep and sends a terrible storm. For a step from certain death, the crew of Aeneas is saved by Neptune, who was asked to do this by the hero's mother, Venus. Miraculously, the surviving ships are nailed to an unfamiliar shore. It turns out that this is the coast of Africa and the land of Queen Dido, who arrived here from Phenicia, where she almost died at the hands of her brother and was forced to flee. She builds here the majestic city of Carthage, in the center of which the magnificent temple of Juno sparkles.

Dido accepts the fugitives peacefully and prepares a feast for them, where Aeneas, enchanted by the beauty and hospitality of the queen, talks about the Trojan War and the last days of Troy. He describes how the cunning Achaeans (Greeks) created the figure of the famous and, hiding inside the “gift”, opened the gates of the bloodless Troy at night. So we again see parallels with Homer's "Iliad" in Virgil. "Aeneid" in no way copies the Greek, but is only based on the same myths as his poems.

At night, Aeneas sees disturbing dreams in which prophecies are intertwined with memories: how mother Venus helped Aeneas with his son and old father to escape. With them, our hero sails away from Troy, but he does not know which shore to land on. Everywhere there are obstacles to which the evil Juno has a hand. For six years of forced wandering, Aeneas will face many difficulties and mortal dangers. This is an escape from a city infected with a plague, salvation from two sea monsters - Scylla and Charybdis. The desperate hero seeks his way through the prophecies of the oracles, but their predictions are confused. One predicts his reign in Rome, the other - the death of starvation of the entire fleet. The ships are dilapidated, the soldiers have lost hope, and in one of the bays the old father Anchises is dying. The story ends with a storm sent by Juno.

Dido listens with an open heart and sympathizes with Aeneas. A strong feeling flares up between them. Nature supports them with a flash of lightning, which the poet compares with wedding torches. The couple realizes its feeling while hunting in a thunderstorm. The image of Aeneas in Virgil's Aeneid is most clearly revealed in feelings for the queen of Carthage. We see him not only as a brave warrior and a just leader, but also as a loving man who is able to give with all his heart.

But lovers are not destined to be together. Jupiter orders Aeneas to sail to Rome. The hero does not want this, he wants to stay with his beloved, but at the same time he knows that he will not be able to resist the will of the gods. Dido, seeing the distant masts of Aeneas' flotilla, rushes at the sword.

The hero is waiting for further wanderings. Near Sicily, sailors' wives set fire to the fleet to prevent their husbands from sailing away from them. Aeneas loses four ships, but continues the path bequeathed by the gods. In Italy, he meets with a prophetess who sends him to the underworld kingdom of Hades, to his father Anchises. Only he can reveal everything about the descendants of the hero.

Aeneas descends to Hades, where he sees his dead soldiers and his beloved Dido with a bloody wound in her chest, who looks reproachfully, but does not speak to him. Having found the spirit of his father, the hero realizes that his descendants are destined to found the greatest city and go down in history forever. Returning to earth, Aeneas learns from the Sibyl that his wanderings will continue on land. Thus ends the first part of his poem Virgil. The Aeneid continues in later books.

"Aeneid". Summary of the second part

At the beginning of the second part, the exhausted warriors continue on their way until they stop near Latium. Here they dine on baked vegetables, putting them on tortillas of bread. When the travelers eat the cakes, the protagonist's son jokes: "So we ate the tables." Surprised, Aeneas jumps up, he recalls the prophecy, which said "you will gnaw tables from hunger." Now the hero knows that he has arrived at his goal. It is worth noting here that Virgil's poem "Aeneid" is saturated with a mystical sense of predictions and prophecies.

Rejoicing that he has reached his destination, Aeneas sends messengers to the king asking for the hand of his daughter. He happily accepts the offer, since he knows the prediction, which says that the descendants of his daughter and a stranger are destined to conquer half the world and establish a powerful kingdom.

It would seem that peace and tranquility await Aeneas and his warriors. But Juno does not sleep and sends the shadow of war on Latium. By chance, the soldiers of Aeneas kill a deer, which offends King Latinus. In addition, the wounded rejected pretender to the hand of Lavinia Turn is going to go to war against the rival Aeneas.

Venus asks the god Hephaestus to create strong armor for Aeneas. The blacksmith god forges a powerful shield on which he depicts the history of Rome. Virgil devotes much space to this shield in the poem. The Aeneid (a summary of the chapters, unfortunately, does not give a complete description of the shield) shows us the future and past of mighty Rome.

The beginning of a new war. Completion of the poem

While our hero is busy preparing for the upcoming war, Turn cunningly goes from the rear. But two warriors from fallen Troy - Euryalus and Nis - make their way through the enemy's camp at night to warn Aeneas. The night seems to help them: the moon is hidden behind the clouds and does not give a single ray. The entire enemy camp is thrown into sleep, and the warriors pass, leaving behind them the silently killed bodies of enemies. But the brave men do not make it before dawn, and Euryalus is captured, and Nis goes against three hundred soldiers, but dies with dignity.

Juno breathes her divine power into Turnus, but Jupiter, enraged by her willfulness, limits his power. Juno and Venus in anger accuse each other of starting another war and seek to help their favorites. Jupiter stops their dispute and says that since the war has begun, then let it go according to the will of fate. This is how Virgil explains the position of the gods. The Aeneid shows them as malicious and at the same time merciful. In various situations, they act in the same way as people, obeying their feelings.

The detachment of our hero returns, and a terrible battle begins. Turnus kills an ally and close friend of Aeneas Palantus and, blinded by a temporary victory, takes his belt. Aeneas bursts into the thick of the fight and almost overtakes Turnus, but Juno intervenes and protects him.

Mourning his best warriors and listening to the lamentation of the old Latin, Turn makes a deal with Aeneas. He offers not to fight, but to meet in a duel. If the victory is for Aeneas, this land will remain for him, and the opponent will leave. Aeneas agrees, a temporary truce is declared, but suddenly an eagle attacks a flock of swans in the sky. The brave birds defend themselves in a flock, and the slain eagle takes flight. The mad old soothsayer Latina shouts that this is a sign of their victory over the coming Thurn, and throws a spear into the enemy camp. Fighting between the troops begins again.

Juno sees all this from Olympus and asks Jupiter not to let the Trojans impose their customs on Italy and allow the name of Troy to perish along with the fallen city. The king of the gods agrees and says that one nation will be born from all the tribes and will fill the whole world with its glory.

In a boiling battle, Aeneas and Turnn finally find each other. They meet in the last duel, and their blows are like thunder. In the sky above powerful warriors stands Jupiter, holding scales with the lives of heroes in his hands. After the first blow, the spear of Turna breaks against the shield forged by Hephaestus-Vulcan, and the enemy wounded in the thigh falls. Aeneas is ready to kill him, raises his sword over him, but his enemy asks for mercy for the sake of his old father. Aeneas stops, but his eyes see Palant's belt on Turn. And he, remembering the killed friend, fights the enemy to death. Virgil's poem ends with this last scene.

Analysis of the work

Virgil's Aeneid, whose tradition and innovation are closely intertwined and seemingly inseparable, is indeed very progressive for its time. Traditional for the poem is an appeal to mythology as a source of plot moves, as well as its structure with the usual use of a lyrical introduction and a brief appeal to the reader describing future events.

The novelty of the work lies in the image of the main character - Aeneas. Unlike the epic poems written before the Aeneid, here the characters are very sincere, real. Aeneas himself is not only a brave warrior, he is a devoted friend, a good father and a worthy son. In addition, the hero knows how to love. Despite the fact that, by the will of the gods, he is forced to leave his beloved Dido, he sincerely regrets this and does not want to leave.

Quite a lot of problems are raised by Virgil's Aeneid. The analysis of the poem is quite complicated, since the work is multifaceted and covers many ideas. An important place in the work is occupied by the theme of prophecy. The characters trust the soothsayers and act as instructed to them in the revelations of the oracles and seers. And even if one of them does not believe the prophecy, it still comes true. But here everything is filled with a slightly different content than in Homer's Odyssey. In the poem of the great Greek, it was about the predicted difficult fate of Odysseus himself, and in the "Aeneid" the hero was not predicted by fate, but by his destiny - to found a new great kingdom. Despite the fact that Aeneas will have to endure many worries and misfortunes, he, without flinching, goes to his goal.

The influence of the will of the gods on the fate of not only a person, but also an entire people is traditional for the works of ancient Rome. However, in the Aeneid, this takes on a new meaning. Here the gods not only seek their own benefits in the form of honoring them and erecting temples, but are also able to sympathize and empathize with mortal heroes and peoples to whom they favor.

It is also worth noting the moment of Aeneas' journey to the underworld of Pluto. The theme itself is fairly traditional, but what is innovative is the hero's perception of the souls he has seen and his father's prophecy heard in Hades.

Instead of conclusions

The poem "Aeneid" is an epic, the strongest work of art, not even literature. The work closely intertwines human destinies and the destinies of entire nations, battles and personal experiences of heroes, friendship and love, simple human desires and the will of the gods, the highest destiny.

Virgil wrote a brilliant poem for ten years. "Aeneid" chapter by chapter in translation is read quite easily. The poem will be of interest to anyone who wants to know about the history and culture of ancient Rome.

I sing battles and my husband, who was the first to Italy from Troy - the driven fugitive by Rock - sailed to the shores of Lavinia. For a long time he was thrown across the seas and distant lands by the Will of the gods, the vindictive anger of the cruel Juno. 5 He waged wars for a long time - before, having built the city, He transferred the gods to Latium, where the tribe of the Latins arose, The cities of Alba, the fathers and the walls of high Rome. glorious, 10 By her will, I endured so many bitter vicissitudes, So many labors. Is the anger of the celestials really so stubborn? The ancient city stood - people from Tyre lived in it, It was called Carthage - far from the mouth of the Tiber, Against Italy; he was rich and fearless in battles. 15 More than all countries, they say, Juno loved him, Even forgetting Samos; here her chariot stood, and here her armor. And the goddess dreamed for a long time, If fate allows, among the peoples to raise that kingdom. She only heard that it would arise from the blood of the Trojan 20 A race that will overthrow the Tyrians of the stronghold to dust. This royal people, victorious and proud of the war, bringing death to Libya, will come: thus the Parks were judged. 25 Her evil hatred fed on a long-standing resentment, Hidden deep in her soul: Saturn's daughter did not forget the Judgment of Paris, offended by contempt for her beauty, And Ganymede's honor, and the royal family hated. Her anger did not weaken; across the seas of thrown Tevkrov, 30 That they escaped from the Danaans and from the fury of the formidable Achilles, For a long time she did not let her into Latium, and for many years, driven by Fate, they wandered along the salty waves. 35 They foamed with copper, and joyfully raised the sail, Immediately Juno, hiding the eternal wound in her soul, So said to herself: “Shall I retreat, defeated? Pallas 40 Burn the fleet of the Argives, and sink them themselves in the abyss. All for the guilt of one Oileev son of Ajax? The quick fire of the Thunderer herself threw out of the cloud And, scattering the ships, stirred up the waves with winds. Ajax himself, exhaling fire from his pierced chest, 45 I was taken out by a whirlwind and nailed to a rock with a pointed top. But I, the queen of the gods, the sister and wife of the Thunderer, have been fighting for so many years with only one people! 50 So thinking in the soul, embraced by the fire of resentment, The goddess hurries to the land, fraught with a hurricane and a storm: There, on Aeolia, King Eol in a vast cave Noisy winds closed the hostile whirlwinds to each other, - Having humbled them with his power, curbing them with prison and chains. 55 They grumble angrily, and the mountains answer them with a menacing rumble around. He sits on a rocky peak, the scepter-bearer Eol himself and the anger of their souls tames, - Or else the sea with the earth and the vaults of the high sky In a stormy impulse, the winds will sweep away and scatter in the air. 60 But the almighty Father imprisoned them in gloomy caves, He piled mountains on top and, fearing their evil rampage, Gave them a lord-king, who, faithful to the condition, is able to restrain them and loosen the bridle on command. Eola began to pray to Juno with these words: 65 "The parent of the gods and people, the lord, has given you the power to subdue the sea storms or raise them again over the abyss. Now the clan hostile to me is sailing along the Tyrrhenian waves, by the Sea to Italy, rushing Ilion and the slain penates. Give great power to the wind and bring down on their stern, 70 Scatter the ships apart, scatter the bodies over the abyss! Twice seven nymphs, shining with the beauty of the body, I have, but the beauty of all is higher than Deiopeia. 75 So that you become a happy parent to beautiful children." Eol answers her: "Your concern, queen, To know what you want, and I have to follow orders. You have earned me power, and a rod, and Jupiter's mercy, feasts at the Almighty, 80 Having made me the lord of storms and rain-bearing clouds. Having said this, he strikes the side of the hollow mountain with the opposite end of the spear, and the winds in a confident formation Rush through the open door and rush like a whirlwind over land. 85 The waters of Eurus, and Noth, and the plentiful storms bearing Africa, blowing up the shafts and rushing furiously to the shore. The cries of the Trojans merged with the creak of the ship's gear. 90 The firmament echoes the thunders, and the ether blazes with fires, Close certain death threatens men from everywhere. The body of Aeneas was shackled by a sudden cold. With a groan, Raising his hands to the luminaries, he says in a loud voice: "Three times, four times, blessed is he who is under the walls of Troy 95 Before the eyes of my fathers, I met death in battle! O Diomedes, O Tidides, the bravest of the Danaans! 100 Sarpedon fell, where Simoent carried so much the current of Shells, helmets, shields and bodies of the brave Trojans! "Thus he spoke. 105 Own board; a steep mountain of water rushes after. Here the ships are on the crest of a wave, and there the Waters parted, exposing the bottom and throwing up sand in clubs. 110 A ridge hidden in the abyss), and three carries the ferocious Eurus from the depths to a sandy shoal (it’s scary to look at them), There it breaks on the bottom and surrounds it with a shaft of sand. force 115 Directly into the stern and headlong carries the helmsman into the sea. Nearby, another ship turned three times on the spot, We drive with a shaft, and disappeared in the funnel of the whirlpool. Occasionally, swimmers are seen among the wide roaring abyss, Boards float on the waves, shields, the treasures of Troy. 120 The ship of Ilionea and Akhat a strong ship, The one on which Abant, and the one where Alet is aged, - The weather has already overcome everything: in the cracks of the bottom, The weakened seams let in hostile moisture. 125 He feels that the will is given to bad weather, that suddenly the Waters are stirred up to the very depths - and in a heavy anxiety, wanting to survey his Kingdom, he raised his head above the waves. 130 Immediately the sisters of angry intrigues were revealed to him. He calls Evra to himself and Zephyr and says to them: “This is what you have come to, being proud of your high family, Winds! How dare you, without asking my will, Mix heaven with earth and raise such bulks? 135 Here I am you! And now let the foamy waves subside, - You will be severely punished for these deeds! Rush quickly and say so to your master: By lot I have been given power over the seas and a trident, To me - not to him! And his possessions are heavy rocks, 140 Yours, Eurus, at home. So let him take care of them And over the dungeon of the winds, Eol dominates strong. "So he says, and instantly pacifies the troubled sea, The cloud disperses the crowd and brings the sun to the sky. From the sharp peak of the rock, Triton and Kimotoya were pushed 145 With a powerful force of judgment, and with a trident, God raises them, Opening the way for them through the vast shallows and calming the abyss, He himself flies along the crests of the ramparts on light wheels. So sometimes a riot suddenly begins in a crowded crowd, and the rootless mob, blinded by anger, rages. 150 Torches, stones fly, turned into a weapon by violence, But as soon as they see that a husband, glorious in piety and valor, is Approaching, everyone surrounds him and silently listens to the Word that instantly softens hearts and rules souls. parent, 155 Having surveyed its smooth surface, they cleared the sky before them, turning the horses, flew in an obedient chariot. Meantime, the enneads, tired to the land, rule their way - If only it were closer! - and sail to the coast of Libya. There is a secluded place where he created a quiet harbor, 160 Covering the shore with itself, an island: running from the sea, Here the swell breaks and diverges with a slight wave. On either side there are cliffs; up to the sky Two rocks rose; under a sheer wall is silent, eternally calm expanse. Between the trembling leaves - a clearing, 165 A dark grove overshadows it with a frightening shadow. In the opposite slope, among the overhanging rocks, a cave lurks, In it there is a freshwater spring and benches made of wild stone. The nymphs dwell here. Vessels without a leash can stand here at rest, not digging into the bottom with anchors. 170 Having collected seven ships from all their multitude, Aeneas enters this Bay; longing for dry land, the Trojans rush to the shore, lie down on the desired sand, Freely spreading their bodies moistened with sea salt. Immediately Akhat strikes a bright spark from flint, 175 The dry leaves picked up the fire, plentiful food They gave branches to it - a flame flared up from the flint. Having taken out the soaked bread and the good Ceres of the guns, People, forgetting fatigue, carry the saved grains, So that, after drying on the fire, grind them between two stones. 180 Meanwhile, Aeneas himself, having climbed a high cliff, Looks around the space: are Kapis or Antaeus driven by the wind sailing, can you see the Phrygian ships And if the shields from the stern of Kaikos high shine. There are no ships in the window! But over the sea, - he noticed, - they roam 185 Three large deer; in a long string behind them. The whole herd follows them and grazes through the green valleys. Aeneas stood in place, and Ahat carried by the faithful. 190 Proud dress of branched horns; then he scattered a herd of arrows through the green groves. 195 The wine that the good Akest brought, filling the jugs, As a gift to the Trojan guests who left the coast of Trinacria. Having dressed all the grieving hearts with wine, he encourages the grieving hearts: “O friends! 200 God will put a limit; you recognized Scylla's ferocity, Sailed between the roaring rocks; the cliffs of the Cyclopes are known to you; so cast aside fear and perk up! Perhaps we will continue to remember this sweetly. Through all the vicissitudes, through all trials we strive 205 In Latium, where rock opens up peaceful refuges for us: There it is destined to rise again to the Trojan kingdom. Now, be strong, friends, and take care of yourself for happiness! 210 The companions here took up the prey, taking care of the feast: The meat is torn from the bones, the womb is cut open, and the carcasses are chopped into pieces, and the trembling flesh is pierced with skewers, Cauldrons are placed on the sand, and fires are made by the sea. All, lying on the grass, renew strength with food, 215 Satisfying themselves with old wine and fat game. Having quenched their hunger with food and cleared the tables after the feast, They again commemorate their comrades-in-arms, lost in the sea, And, vacillating their souls between hope and fear, wondering whether friends are alive or died long ago and do not hear the callers. 220 The pious Aeneas yearns for the brave Oronte, Weeps secretly for the cruel fate of Amik and Lik, Also mourns for the brave Geass and the brave Cloant. The feast is over; at this moment from the height of the ether Jupiter, sailing seas plain, stretched lands 225 And having surveyed the tribes widely settled in the world, He stood on the top of heaven and kept his gaze on Libya. Here to the Father, who was full of such worries in his soul, Sad, tears in his brilliant eyes, Venus comes up, Says these words: "We are deeds immortal and mortal 230 Eternal power has been handed to you and lightning arrows, - What is my Aeneas guilty of before you, O Parent? TrojansWhat is to blame, tell me? Why is it that for them, who have suffered so many losses, the whole world is inaccessible, except for the Italian countries? I know: years will pass, and from the blood of ancient Teucer 235 There, in Italy, the race of victorious Romans will rise, They will rule with sovereignty by sea and land, - You promised. Why did your decision change? Seeing Troy's sunset and ruin, I consoled myself with the thought that another fate would outweigh the fate of the Tevkrov. 240 But even now the husbands who have experienced so much suffering are oppressed by the same fate. Where is the limit to their troubles, ruler? Could the hero Antenor, having slipped out of the hands of the Achaeans, penetrate into the bays of Illyria, into the depths of the Liburnian kingdom And cross the turbulent Timava Source without harm 245 Where, breaking through the nine throats from the depths of the mountain, He tramples the fields, he is like a noisy sea. There Antenor founded Patavius ​​- the shelter of the Teucres, He gave the name of the tribe and hung the weapons of Troy; In a sweet world now he lives without knowing anxiety. 250 We are your offspring, you promised us the heavenly chamber, We, having lost the ships, because of the wrath of the goddess alone (It’s terrible to say) again found ourselves far from Italy. Here is honor to piety! Are you reviving our power like that?" The creator of immortals and mortals smiled at her in response. 255 With his bright smile that drives away bad weather from heaven, The father touched his daughter's lips with a kiss and said: "Fear, Kythera, leave: the fate of the Trojans is unshakable. Promised ones - believe - you will see Lavinius walls, And you will exalt Aeneas high to the heavenly bodies 260 You are magnanimous. My invariable decision. Now I will predict to you - after all, this care torments your Heart - and I will unfold the secrets of fate before you: He will fight for a long time in Italy, and will break many brave tribes, and will erect laws and walls, 265 The third summer until he sees how he rules Latium, Three times the winter will not pass from the day when the rutul reconciles. Ascanius, your grandson (he will be called Yul from now on, he was Il while the kingdom of Ilion stood), - He will rule as long as the conversion the moon will not measure 270 Thirty great circles; having transferred the kingdom from the places of Lavinia, he will exalt with power the Long Alba. In it, the Hector family, having reigned, will remain in power for a full three hundred years, until the princess and priestess Elijah gives birth to two twins, conceived from Mars. 275 After that, proudly wearing the skin of a gray-haired she-wolf-nurse, Romulus will create his own family, and He will erect the strong walls of Mars, and he will call his name the Romans. But I do not put any limit or term on their power, I will give them eternal power. And stubborn even Juno, 280 The fear of which oppresses the sea, and the earth, and the sky, Thoughts will turn everything for their good, with me cherishing the Romans, the rulers of the world, the tribe dressed in that tribe. So I decided. Years will fly by, and the time will come: The clan of Assarak then glorious Mycenae, Phthia 285 Will own and keep in captivity the defeated Argives. Caesar will also be born from the high blood of the Trojans, Power will limit his Ocean, stars - glory, Julius - he will take the name from the great name of Yul, In the sky you will accept him, burdened with glorious prey 290 Eastern countries; Prayers will be sent to him. Then the cruel age, forgetting about battles, will soften, With brother Rem Quirin, gray-haired Loyalty and Vesta Will give laws to people; cursed doors of war Strong iron closes; inside unholy rage, 295 Tied by a hundred knots, sitting on a pile of weapons, It will begin to murmur terribly, ferocious, with a bloody mouth. "So he said and sends from heaven born of Maya, So that Carthage is the land and a new fortress for the Tevkrov The door opens its door, so that Dido before the guests, 300 Against the will of fate, inadvertently, she did not close the borders. A messenger rushes, floating on wings, through the air to Libya, There she executes an order: at the behest of God, the Punians immediately forgot their cruelty; the first queen, Bowing her heart to the world, was filled with friendliness towards the Teucres. 305 The pious Aeneas, from worries and thoughts, did not close his eyes all night, in the morning, only the blessed dawn dawned, He decided to find out everything: where they were thrown by the wind, Who owns the country (the coast was uncultivated) - People or animals alone - and immediately tell the companions. 310 Sheltering the fleet under the vault of forests in a rocky depression, Where the trees around hang with a frightening shadow, Aeneas set off on his way, taking only Akhat with him; He walked, clutching two lances with an iron sting in his hand. 315 Taking on the guise of a virgin, putting on the weapon of a virgin - Or a Spartan woman, or that Thracian Harpalica that rushes Jump, driving horses, overtaking a winged Evra. 320 Gathered in a knot, opening bare legs to the knees. First she says: "Hey, young men, you tell me, Maybe you saw my sisters? Here they roam, Each wears a quiver and is dressed in the skin of a spotted Lynx; they drive a ferocious boar with a cry" . 325 So Venus, born of Venus, said in response: “No, I didn’t see or hear your sisters here, maiden, - What should I call you? Your face is not like mortals, Your voice does not sound like ours. - Or Phoebe sister, or with the nymphs of the same blood. 330 Be happy, whoever you are! Ease our care: Where are we, under what sky, on the shore of what edge We were brought, you open. Knowing neither people nor place, Here we wander, where we were washed by waves and wind. We will kill plentiful sacrifices before your altar. 335 She answers them: “I am unworthy of such an honor. The girls of Tyre, all wear such quivers, They walk with their legs wrapped in a belt of purple koturnes. 340 Now she rules the country of Dido, from a brother from Tyre, this fled land. The insult is great, and the story about it is also great: I will tell you only about the main thing. She was her husband Sihey, the richest among the Phoenicians. 345 In marriage, for the father gave the blameless unfortunate marriage. Then Dido's treacherous brother Pygmalion reigned in Tire, who surpassed all mortals in criminal deeds. 350 He despised his sister's feelings, blinded only by thirst for gold. For a long time he hid his villainy from a yearning widow, He cunningly entertained his sister in love with vain hope. But one day in a dream the ghost of her husband Unburied appeared to her. Face, marvelously pale, lifting, 355 Having exposed the pierced chest in front of her, he revealed everything to her About the defiled altar, about the murder hidden in the house. 360 She is obedient to her husband, the wife is looking for companions to escape, - All in whom fear was strong or evil hatred for the tyrant Converge to her. Having captured the ships that were ready to sail, they loaded them with gold. They take the stingy Pygmalion to the treasury. A woman is leading the flight. 365 In these places sailed, where now you see the mighty Walls, where a new fortress of Carthage is now rising. Here they bought a piece of land, as much as it is possible to cover with one Skin of a bull (hence the name Birs). But tell me, from which shores you are sailing, 370 Who are you, aspire where?" And Aeneas answered this, - his voice escaped from his chest with a heavy sigh: "If you start my story from the first reasons, goddess, You won’t have time to listen to the chronicle of our labors in a day, Before Vesper ascends and the gates of Olympus lock up. 375 We are sailing from Troy (and perhaps the name of Troy has reached your ears); on the waves, on the water plains We rush everywhere; a storm has rushed us here. I am called pious Aeneas; saved penates I take away from the enemy, glorified by rumor to heaven. 380 My genus is from Jupiter; I sailed to Italy from the depths, Following the will of fate. The mother goddess showed me the way. On twenty ships I went out into the expanses of Phrygian, - Now there are seven of them, broken by waves and wind. I, unknown and sir, wander through the Libyan deserts, 385 There is no way for me to Europe, and there is no return for me to Asia. ”Here his mother interrupted, unable to hear complaints:“ I believe: whoever you are, it’s not against the will of the Almighty 388 You drink the life-giving air if you have arrived in the city of the Tyrians. 389 390 I announce to you that the satellites with the fleet will return, The wind will change its course and rush them to a safe harbor, If my ancestors did not teach me fortune telling in vain. You see: there twice six swans fly in a string. 395 Dispersed them; and now they are in a jubilant formation Or they are striving for the earth, or, having descended, they look at it. Here they all gathered, flapped their wings noisily, Again the whole flock soared, girded the sky with a click. Likewise, your friends ships or stand on the moorings, 400 Or, raising the sails, they swim into the wide mouths. You go straight ahead, do not turn off this road. " Having said, she turned back, - and her forehead lit up with the radiance of Scarlet, and the smell of Ambrose's curls spread around, And her clothes slid down to the heels, and immediately same 405 The tread gave them the goddess. At the same instant, the Mother recognized Dardanides and exclaimed after the fleeing woman: “Why did you introduce your son, cruel, with a false appearance, You were mistaken more than once? 410 So he reproachfully said and directed his path to the walls. Then Venus surrounded those walking with dark air, The goddess thickened the clouds around them, so that not a single person could see or touch them Or stop them along the way and ask about the reason for their arrival. 415 After that, the expensive air itself retired to Paphos - To its kind shelter, where Sabaean incense is smoked in the temple on a hundred altars and wreaths are poured with aroma. 420 And he looked from a height at the stronghold growing nearby. Aeneas looks, amazed: in the place of the huts - huge; Looks: the people are striving from the gate along the paved roads. 425 Or they choose places for houses, they encircle them with a furrow, 426 The bottom is deepened in the port, and there the foundations of the theater are quickly laid, or huge ones are carved out of the rocks. Many powerful columns are an adornment of the future stage. 430 So on the flowering fields under the sun of early summer Bees work: some mature offspring are brought out On the first flight; others, meanwhile, collect flowing honey and fill their honeycombs with sweet nectar. 435 Lined up, they drive herds of lazy drones from the hives: Work is in full swing everywhere, and aromas float from honey. “Happy are those for whom strong walls are already being built!” !) dense cloud, 440 The crowd enters the thicket, remaining invisible to everyone. There was a grove in the city; under her friendly canopy On the day when they were thrown into Libya by wind and storm, The Tyrians found a sign, revealed by Queen Juno: A quick skull of a horse, - then, that for many centuries 445 Their family will be brave in battle and will not recognize the need. Here Dido erected a majestic temple to Juno, - He was rich in gifts and demanded by the goddess in love; Copper steps led to the entrance; the beams were fastened with copper, door spikes made of shining copper creaked. 450 As soon as the temple between the trees opened to the eyes of the aliens, Aeneas's fear subsided: hope for salvation again The hero dares to believe in the future again in the midst of troubles. 455 He marvels at the dexterous hands of the masters and their skillful labors. Here he sees one after another the Ilion battles, The rumor of which the rumor spread throughout the whole world: Here are Atrids, and Priam, and Achilles, both terrible. Standing in front of them, Aeneas with tears says to Akhat: 460 “Where, in what direction have they not heard of our suffering? Here is Priam. He was awarded posthumous praise here too. ethereal picture, 465 He cries, and tears irrigate his face in an abundant stream, For he again sees terrible battles near Pergamum: Here the Achaeans flee, and the youths of Troy crowd them, Here Achilles flew into the Phrygians in his chariot, Shining with a shaggy helmet; and there he learned with tears 470 White Res tents in the picture: many, embraced by the First treacherous dream, were killed by the bloodthirsty Diomedes, He led hot horses to the Greek camp, who did not have time to taste from the pastures of Trojan grass and water from Xanthus. Here in the picture is another Troilus, who dropped his shield: 475 The unfortunate youth flees from an unequal battle with Achilles, He fell backwards, but the horses rush an empty chariot; Without releasing the reins, he drags along the ground with the back of his head, And the tip of the dust furrows a fighting spear. 480 Having loosened their curls, they carry the veil to the goddess, They mournfully pray to her, hitting her chest with their palms; But Minerva turned away from them and lowered her eyes. Achilles drags Hector three times around the walls of Ilion, He sells his body for gold to the old man Priam, - 485 A loud groan escaped from Aeneas's chest, as soon as He saw the armor, the chariot and the other remains, He only saw how Priam stretched out his unarmed hands. 490 Here are the rows of Amazons with shields, like a sickle of the new moon, Penthesilea leads, seized with furious fervor, She pulled off her naked breasts with a golden bandage, The virgin warrior, is not afraid to enter into battle with her husbands. 495 Not taking her astonished gaze away from the pictures for a moment, The queen herself, beautiful in the sight of Dido, Went to the temple, surrounded by a crowd of young men from Tyre. 500 Thousands of them from everywhere follow her, - she wears a quiver behind her back and surpasses them all in height (The heart of Latona then fills with silent joy), - Also, full of fun, Dido spoke among the crowd, devoting Dumas to labors and concerns about the future kingdom. 505 Entering the temple entrance, under the vaulted roof, the queen Immediately sits on the throne, and the guards surround her; The court administers and gives laws to men and works. She equally divides or appoints them by lot. Suddenly Aeneas saw: among a large crowd of people 510 The brave Kloant and Antaeus and Sergest are approaching the temple, the Teukras are following, whom the fierce winds, Scattered apart across the sea, carried to other coasts. 515 They are eager to reap, but the unknown confuses their hearts. Suppressing their feelings, both listen from behind a cloud, What friends experienced, for which they came to the Tyrians, Where they left the fleet. For from every ship messengers were hastening to the temple now and begging for mercy loudly. 520 After they were brought in to the queen and given their word, Ilioneus, the eldest of them, said sedately: “O queen, Jupiter gave you the opportunity to raise the City and haughtiness to humble the wild tribes by justice! The Trojans pray to you, driven by the wind across the seas: 525 Pitiful ones, spare us, save the ships from the fire! Honors the Almighty our family, so look at us favorably. there is no arrogance in the vanquished! 530 There is a place in the west that the Greeks call Hesperia, In this ancient country, fertile, powerful weapons, Formerly lived the men of enotra; now their descendants took the name of the leader and called themselves "Italians". We kept the way there. 535 Suddenly, the fat-bearing Orion rose above the abyss of the sea, Daring winds carried the ships to hidden shallows, The storm, having overcome us all, swept over the waves and over the rocks Impenetrable ships; only a few ended up here ... What kind of people live here, if they don’t let us step on the sand? 540 What kind of barbarian land, if it tolerates such morals? We, threatening war, are forbidden to go ashore! If you despise people and mortal weapons, Fear the immortal gods that remember both honor and wickedness. Our king was Aeneas: justice, courage in battles 545 And piety no one could compare with him in the world. If he was spared by fate, if he breathes the air, if he sees the ether and did not descend to the cruel shadows, - There is no fear in us. Yes, and you will not repent if you hasten to render us the first service: in the lands of the Sicilian 550 There are cities and troops, and Akest is a Trojan by blood. Let us only be allowed to bring the fleet, broken by a hurricane, Get logs from the forest, adjust them, carve oars. send 555 We are in Latium, in Italy. But if you died in the Libyan Sea, our father, and there is no hope for Yul, We will go to the Sicilian straits from where we sailed, We will be ready to seek shelter in the kingdom of Akestus. 560 All as one. Modestly lowering her gaze, Dido briefly answered them: “Tevkry, cast aside fear, drive worries out of your heart! Our kingdom is young, the danger is great; 565 Who, Aeneads, does not know about you and who does not know about Troy, Who has not heard about the fire of war, about the courage of the Trojans? , to the arable land of Saturn, 570 Or you want to sail to Eryx, to the kingdom of Akest, - I will help you, I will give you supplies, I will let you go unharmed. If you want to stay with me in my kingdom, - The city that I am building, it is yours! Bring the ships! Trojans and Tyrians will always be equal before me. 575 If your king Aeneas, caught by the same hurricane, Arrived here! And I will send Messengers all over the coast and order them to search Libya to the extreme limits: maybe he wanders through the forests or villages. "Brave Ahat and parent Aeneas from the speech of the queen 580 They perked up in an instant and yearned to break through the cloud. First, Akhat encourages Aeneas: “Son of the goddess, tell me, what thought has arisen in your soul? You see, there is no danger, and the satellites with the fleet have returned. Only one ship did not return: we ourselves saw, 585 How he drowned. As for the rest, the predictions of Venus came true. "As soon as he said this, - and immediately around them the Cloud spilled broke and melted into pure ether. Aeneas stood before the people: his shoulders and face shone with divine light, for the mother herself bestowed 590 To the son of curls, the beauty and youthful brilliance is noble, Joy, a proud fire lit in the eyes of the hero. So art adorns ivory, and brighter Marble or silver in a golden frame shine. 595 So he addresses: “The Trojan Aeneas is in front of you, The one you are looking for, saved from the Libyan Sea. 600 So much hard work, you take it to your house and city. We don’t have enough strength now to give you gratitude, - Everyone, how many of them there are in the world, cannot do this tevkram. If the Almighty honor piety and there is justice Here, on earth, then the thought that you did the right thing 605 It will be your reward. Isn't the Vek who gave birth to you happy? Are the parents not worthy of glory? As long as the rivers run to the seas, as long as the shadows glide along the mountain slopes and the luminaries sparkle in the sky, Your name will remain in praise and honor until then, 610 No matter what lands they call us." Having said, Sergesta He embraced with his left hand, and with his right - Ilionea, The brave then attracted Geass with the brave Kloant. 615 "What kind of lot, tell me, through so many dangers, the Son of the goddess, drives you? What Power brought you to these wild shores? You are Aeneas, Anchises is your parent, In the Phrygian region, near Simoent, you were born by Venus. I still remember how Teucer came to Sidon once: 620 Exiled from the land of his fathers, he strove to obtain a new kingdom With the help of Bela; and Bel, my father, fertile Cyprus then ruined and kept under power, the conqueror. 625 Tevkram, although he was an enemy, spoke of them with praise and claimed that he was born from the root of the ancient Tevkrov. Well, hurry up, men, and come under my roof soon! I myself have experienced many such disasters: Fortune drove us everywhere and only allowed us to settle here. 630 Woe, I know - it teaches me to help the unfortunate." Having said this, she took Aeneas to the royal chambers; in the temple of the gods, appointing honorable victims, The queen sends twenty bulls to the shore to the Trojans, A hundred huge pigs with stiff bristles and a hundred 635 Fat lambs and sheep; and with them a merry god She sends a gift. Meanwhile, the house is being cleaned from the inside with royal luxury; they spread carpets: They are skillfully woven and adorned with proud purple. 640 The table is weighed down with silver, on the gold of the chased cups The deeds of the glorious ancestors are stamped in a long string The exploits of many men from the beginning of the ancient family. 645 So that he informs Ascania and brings him to the city: The parent is always full of dear Ascania care. He also orders gifts to bring, which they managed to save from the perishing Troy: from sewing a heavy golden cloak and a saffron cover with a pattern of acanthus leaves, - 650 Helena, a Spartan, received it as a gift from Leda, But, rushing from Mycenae to Pergamum for a lawless marriage, she took away the wonderful dress. And he also ordered to bring the Rod, which in former days Ilion always wore, the eldest daughter of Priam the king, and with him a necklace 655 From pearls, and a golden crown, sparkling with stones. Akhat quickly set off on his way, hurrying to the ships. Meanwhile, a new plan feeds in the soul of Kiferei, A new one is preparing a deception: so that Dido, captivated by gifts, Instead of Yul, Cupid came, changing his appearance, 660 I lit my heart with madness and poured its flame in the blood, For Venus is afraid of the duplicity of the duplicitous Tyrians, The wrath of Juno oppresses the goddess with anxiety all night. , 665 Son, you are not afraid of Jupiter's arrows that slew Typhon, I resort to your divine power with a prayer! . 670 Now Dido seeks to detain him with flattering words. I'm afraid of Juno's hospitality: What will it turn into? Will she really miss the chance? So I conceived, having forestalled her intrigues, to ignite the heart of the queen with a Flame, so that none of the Almighty could 675 Change her feelings so that, like me, she loves Aeneas. Listen to my plan, how all this can be arranged: The royal boy is now (I care about him more than anyone), Called by his dear father, he is going to the city of Sidon. He carries a gift that he was saved from the waves and flames of Troy. 680 Having put the boy to sleep, I will fly away to the heights of Cythera, Or I will shelter him in my Idalian sacred shelter, So that he does not know my machinations and cannot interfere with them. You will deceitfully change your appearance for just one night; 685 So that, as soon as Dido puts you on your knees, Here, at the royal feast, among the libations of Leia, He will only hug you, give you a sweet kiss, Breathe a secret flame into her, poisoning her secretly. 690 Wings, and Yula joyfully sets out with her gait. Venus, meanwhile, plunges her grandson into a sweet slumber And takes him in her arms to the Idalian groves, Where between tall trees, covered in a sweet smell, He sleeps in the fragrant shade of beautiful marjoram flowers. 695 Cupid went merrily to the Tyrians after Akhat, The royals brought them gifts, obeying their mother's word. 700 Everyone at the table reclined on purple lush covers. Servants gave water for hands and baskets with gifts from Ceres; next they carry towels with sheared wool. 705 One hundred slaves and the same number of servants, equal in age to them, Put dishes on the table, served capacious bowls. Many Tyrians visited the cheerful hall that day. 710 Speech pretending to him and the face of a blooming god, They look at the cloak, and the cover with a pattern of acanthus leaves. The poor Phoenician looks closer than all the rest, She doesn’t look enough, doomed to future torment: Her heart was inflamed by gifts and a beautiful boy. 715 He, embracing Aeneas by the neck, stayed with the imaginary father for a short time, in order to only satiate his love, Then he went to the queen. And she looks intently, Clings with her whole breast to him, and caresses him, and does not know, Poor thing, that God Almighty is on her knees. 720 He, not forgetting the command, begins to erase the memory of her husband In her little by little, so that they turn to new love, Idle thought of her and love the weary heart. They all finished feasting; Chelyadintsy clean the tables, Capacious bring a crater, goblets are filled to the brim. 725 Noise flows through the palaces, and cries in the air; Lampadas burn brightly, hanging from gilded ceilings, Having overcome darkness with flame, they illuminate vast peace. 730 She poured it with pure wine - and silence reigned around. "You granted rights to foreign guests, O Jupiter! Do it so that the Tyrians and Teucrams bring joy to the present day. Let the memory of it be preserved by the descendants! O Juno and Bacchus, the giver of fun, stay 735 With us! You will favorably honor our feast, Tyrians! ”She said so, and pouring honorable moisture on the table, She first touched the sacred cup with her lips, She gave the Beat in her hands and invited her to drink. He completely drained the foamy cup to the bottom of gold; 740 Other guests follow him. Taking a gilded cithara, Here Iopad began to play, Trained by the great Atlas. He sang about the wanderings of the moon, about the difficult exploits of the sun, People, where did the animals, rain and stars come from, Wet constellation Hyades, Arcturus and double Trions, 745 The winter sun is in a hurry to plunge into the Ocean, The summer night, why it is slow to descend to the ground. The Tyrians and Teucers rewarded him with a splash of palms. 750 She asked everything about Priam and about Hector, Now she tortured, in what armor Memnon appeared, Now what was Achilles, then about the terrible horses of Diomedes. "But tell us, my guest, in order about the intrigues of the Danaans, The troubles of your fellow citizens and long wanderings, 755 She says to Aeneas, - for now the seventh summer Carries you everywhere along the waves of the sea and on land.