I was tormented by the question of how a communist (but Jewish) mother gave birth to three Judas - two “boys” and one “girl”...

I just remembered one of my classmates - Valka Losev.

But first about Judas Chubais:

Senior Judas:

doctor of philosophical science

BIOGRAPHY

Member of the Great Patriotic War, colonel, after retirement, teacher of Marxism-Leninism at the Leningrad Mining Institute.

After the end of the war, Boris Chubais and his wife lived for some time in defeated Germany. Then the division where Igor’s father served was stationed in Lyadishchi (Borisov).

He was born there younger brother- Anatoly Borisovich Chubais.

In the early 1960s, the family moved from Borisov to Odessa

He joined the CPSU upon entering graduate school at the Institute of Sociology of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow, after being warned about the impossibility of training non-party people.

In 1978, he completed his postgraduate studies at the Institute of Sociology and defended his PhD thesis on the Polish sociology of television.

From 1980 to 1997 - Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy at GITIS.

In 1987-1990, he was one of the most prominent figures in the Moscow informal associations “Perestroika” and “Perestroika-88”. In 1988-1990 he was a member of the Moscow Popular Front.

In 1989, he was expelled from the CPSU for “activities aimed at splitting the party.”

In 1990, Igor Borisovich became the “founding father” of the Democratic Platform in the CPSU, and then (after a short stay in the Republican Party) was a member of the Bureau of the Political Council of the People's Party of Russia.

In the spring-summer of 1991, he joined the Moscow organization of the NPR to the coalition of five parties “Democratic Moscow” and participated in the creation of the Coalition of Democratic Forces in Moscow, directed against the leadership of “Democratic Russia”.

Editor-in-Chief of the magazine (almanac) “New Milestones”.

In 2000 he defended doctoral dissertation on the problem of the new Russian idea and identity.

In 2006-2007, he was the presenter of radio programs “Moscow Speaks”.

Active member of the Return Foundation, created in December 2006.

In March 2010, he signed the appeal of the Russian opposition “Putin must leave.”

Since 2010, he has hosted several radio programs on the Russian News Service radio station.

Currently:

Director of the Interuniversity Center for Russian Studies as part of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of RUDN University

Dean of the Faculty of Russian Studies, Institute of Social Sciences

===

Father - Boris Matveevich Chubais (February 15, 1918 - October 9, 2000) - participant in the Great Patriotic War, retired colonel.

In the late 1960s - early 1970s he taught at the Lviv Higher Military-Political School.

After retirement teacher of Marxism-Leninism at the Leningrad Mining Institute.

Brother - Igor Borisovich Chubais (b. April 26, 1947) - Doctor of Philosophy, professor of the department social philosophy Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of RUDN. I have been boxing since childhood.

First wife - Lyudmila.

Son Alexey and daughter Olga.

Second wife (since 1990) - Maria Vishnevskaya

Third wife (since 2012) - director Avdotya Smirnova.

Education and academic degrees

Went to secondary school No. 38 in Odessa in 1962.

Later he lived and studied in Lviv, at secondary school No. 6.

In 1967, the family moved to Leningrad.

Anatoly is going to fifth grade at school No. 188 on Okhta.

In my own words, studied at a school with a military-patriotic education.

In a 2012 interview, he admitted that he “hated my school.”

My friends and I tried to dismantle the school building into pieces and set it on fire, but managed to “tear off only one step on the porch and a seagull welded on a military-patriotic monument.”

In 1977 he graduated from the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute named after Palmiro Tolyatti (LIEI) with a degree in economics and organization of mechanical engineering production.

In 1983 he defended his PhD thesis in economics on the topic: “Research and development of planning methods for improving management in industrial scientific and technical organizations.”

In 2002, he graduated from the Faculty of Advanced Training of Teachers and Specialists of the Moscow Energy Institute in the field of “Problems of Modern Energy”.

Final work on the topic: “Prospects for the development of hydropower in Russia.”

Scientific and political (treacherous) activities in the USSR and Russia

In 1977-1982 - engineer, assistant, associate professor at the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute named after. Palmiro Tolyatti.

In 1980 he joined the CPSU (according to other sources - in 1977).

In 1987 he participated in the founding of the Leningrad club “Perestroika”.

In the mid-1980s, he was the leader of an informal circle of democratically minded economists in Leningrad, created by a group of graduates of economic universities in the city.

In 1990, deputy, then first deputy chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council, chief economic adviser to the mayor of Leningrad Anatoly Sobchak.

Since November 1991, Anatoly Chubais, with short breaks, has held various key positions in the Russian state and state companies, and is actively involved in the socio-political life of Russia.

He was one of the ideologists and leaders of economic reforms in Russia in the 1990s and the reform of the Russian electric power system in the 2000s.

Family

• Father - Boris Matveevich Chubais (February 15, 1918 - October 9, 2000) - participant in the Great Patriotic War, retired colonel. In the late 1960s - early 1970s he taught at the Lviv Higher Military-Political School. After retirement, he taught Marxism-Leninism at the Leningrad Mining Institute.
• Mother - Raisa Efimovna Segal (September 15, 1918 - September 7, 2004).
• Brother - Igor Borisovich Chubais (b. April 26, 1947) - Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Social Philosophy of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the RUDN University. I have been boxing since childhood.

• First wife - Lyudmila.
  • Son Alexey and daughter Olga.
• Second wife (since 1990) - Vishnevskaya, Maria Davydovna
• Third wife (since 2012) - director Avdotya Smirnova.

Education and academic degrees

Went to secondary school No. 38 in Odessa in 1962. Later he lived and studied in Lviv. In 1967, the family moved to Leningrad. Anatoly is going to fifth grade at school No. 188 on Okhta.

In his own words, he studied at a school with a military-patriotic education. In a 2012 interview, he admitted that he “hated my school.” My friends and I tried to dismantle the school building into pieces and set it on fire, but managed to “tear off only one step on the porch and a seagull welded on a military-patriotic monument.”

In 1977 he graduated from the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute named after Palmiro Tolyatti (LIEI) with a degree in economics and organization of mechanical engineering production.

In 1983 he defended his PhD thesis in economics on the topic: “Research and development of planning methods for improving management in industrial scientific and technical organizations.”

In 2002, he graduated from the Faculty of Advanced Training of Teachers and Specialists of the Moscow Energy Institute in the field of “Problems of Modern Energy”. Final work on the topic: “Prospects for the development of hydropower in Russia.”

Scientific and political activity in the USSR and Russia

In 1977-1982 - engineer, assistant, associate professor at the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute named after. Palmiro Tolyatti.

In 1980 he joined the CPSU (according to other sources - in 1977).

In 1987 he participated in the founding of the Leningrad club “Perestroika”. In the mid-1980s, he was the leader of an informal circle of democratically minded economists in Leningrad, created by a group of graduates of economic universities in the city.

In 1990, deputy, then first deputy chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council, chief economic adviser to the mayor of Leningrad Anatoly Sobchak.

In March 1990, Chubais and a group of supporters proposed to Mikhail Gorbachev a project for market reforms, which included the option of forcibly restricting political and civil freedoms (freedom of speech, the right to strike, etc.).

According to some sources, after the events of August 19-21, 1991, Chubais left the CPSU. According to others, he was expelled from the CPSU on April 10, 1990 for participating in the activities of the Democratic Platform.

In 1994, Anatoly Chubais became the founder of the Democratic Choice of Russia (DVR) party based on the Choice of Russia (VR) bloc.

Since September 2011, he has been the head of the Department of Technological Entrepreneurship at MIPT.

First appointment to the Russian government

Since November 10, 1991 - Chairman State Committee Russian Federation for State Property Management - Minister of the RSFSR.

On June 1, 1992, he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation for economic and financial policy.

Under the leadership of Chubais, a privatization program was developed and implemented technical training. In addition to the law “On the privatization of state and municipal enterprises in the RSFSR” of 1991 with the participation of acting. O. Prime Minister Yegor Gaidar and Chubais in 1992 issued a decree of the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin “On accelerating the privatization of state and municipal enterprises,” which led to the creation of a state privatization program and gave rise to reform.

On July 31, 1992, Chubais, by order No. 141, created the “Department of Technical Assistance and Expertise,” which employed American economic advisers. The head of the department, Jonathan Hay, according to the former chairman of the State Property Committee Vladimir Polevanov, was a CIA employee. In 2004, a trial began against Jonathan Hay and Andrei Shleifer in the United States on charges of fraud and financial abuse of wasting American taxpayers' money. Polevanov noted regarding the activities of Chubais’s advisers: “Having picked up the documents, I was horrified to discover that a number of the largest military-industrial complex enterprises had been bought up by foreigners for next to nothing. That is, factories and design bureaus that produced top-secret products are out of our control. The same Jonathan Hay, with the help of Chubais, bought a 30% stake in the Moscow Electrode Plant and the Graphite Research Institute, which operated in cooperation with it, the country’s only developer of graphite coatings for stealth aircraft. After which Hay blocked the order of the military space forces for the production of high technologies.”

Later, in November 2004, in an interview with The Financial Times, Chubais said that privatization in Russia was carried out solely for the purpose of a struggle for power against the “communist leaders”: “We needed to get rid of them, but we didn’t have time for that.” . The count was not for months, but for days.” Chubais also believes correct implementation loans-for-shares auctions, when, as the newspaper writes, “the most valuable and largest Russian assets were transferred to a group of tycoons in exchange for loans and support for the then seriously ill Yeltsin in the 1996 elections.” According to Chubais, the transfer of control over enterprises with hundreds of thousands of workers to the oligarchs helped them acquire administrative resources, which prevented the victory of the opposition Communist Party in the 1996 presidential elections: “If we had not carried out mortgage privatization, the Communists would have won the elections in 1996.”

Chubais’s promise in 1992 is widely known that subsequently one voucher would be equal in value to two cars. Later in society this promise began to be perceived as a deception. In his book in 1999, he wrote that propaganda support was important for the initiators of privatization at that moment: “it was necessary not only to come up with effective schemes, write good regulatory documents, but also to convince the Duma of the need to adopt these documents, and most importantly, to convince 150 millions of people get up from their seats, leave their apartment, get a voucher, and then invest it meaningfully! Of course, the propaganda component was fantastically important.”

In Russia, about 130 thousand enterprises were privatized in 1991-1997; thanks to the voucher system and loans-for-shares auctions, a significant part of large state assets ended up in the hands of a narrow group of individuals (“oligarchs”). By purchasing vouchers for next to nothing from the impoverished in the context of reforms and crisis (liberalization of prices and non-payment wages), lost savings and ill-informed population, redistribution through financial pyramids, implementation of corrupt schemes of loans-for-shares auctions, large state property was concentrated with the “oligarchs”. Chubais was subsequently called the founder of oligarchic capitalism in Russia.

The privatization program outlined 7 main goals: the formation of a layer of private owners; increasing the efficiency of enterprises; social protection of the population and development of social infrastructure using funds from privatization; assistance in stabilizing the country's financial situation; promoting demonopolization and creating a competitive environment; attracting foreign investment; creating conditions for expanding the scale of privatization. When he was the head of the State Property Committee, V. Polevanov, having analyzed the results of privatization in a document addressed to the Prime Minister, concluded that of the seven privatization goals, only the seventh and formally the first were fully realized, while the rest were failed. Although formally there were several tens of millions of shareholders in Russia, only a small part of them actually controlled property; the desire for demonopolization at any cost led to the destruction of many technological chains and contributed to the deepening of the economic recession; foreign investment not only did not increase, but also decreased, and those that did arrive were directed mainly to the primary industries.

On December 9, 1994, the State Duma adopted a resolution in which it described the results of privatization as unsatisfactory.

In general, the Russian population has a negative attitude towards the results of privatization. As data from several sociological surveys show, about 80% of Russians consider it illegitimate and are in favor of a complete or partial revision of its results. About 90% of Russians are of the opinion that privatization was carried out dishonestly and large fortunes were acquired through dishonest means (72% of entrepreneurs also agree with this point of view). As researchers note, Russian society has developed a stable, “almost consensus” rejection of privatization and the large private property formed on its basis.

On December 23, 1992, Chubais was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Federation - Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for State Property Management.

In June 1993, Chubais took part in the creation of the “Choice of Russia” election bloc. In December 1993, he was elected to the State Duma from the electoral association “Choice of Russia”.

On January 20, 1994, he was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, retaining the post of Chairman of the State Property Committee.

From November 5, 1994 - January 16, 1996 - First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation for Economic and Financial Policy, Head of the Federal Commission for Securities and stock market.

In 1995-1997 - member of the Council for foreign policy under the President of the Russian Federation. From April 1995 to February 1996 - manager from Russia in international financial organizations.

In January 1996, B. N. Yeltsin resigned from the post of Deputy Prime Minister after the defeat of the pro-government party “Our Home is Russia” in the elections in State Duma II convocation. Yeltsin said: “That the party got 10% of the votes is Chubais! If it weren’t for Chubais, it would be 20%!” In the program “Dolls” (written by Viktor Shenderovich), these words of Yeltsin were conveyed as “Chubais is to blame for everything!”; this formulation has become a very popular expression. In the Presidential Decree of January 16, 1996, Chubais’s low demands on those under his jurisdiction were noted federal structures, as well as failure to comply with a number of instructions of the President of the Russian Federation.

Participation in Yeltsin's 1996 election campaign

Soon after resigning from the post of Deputy Prime Minister, Chubais headed Yeltsin's election headquarters.

In February 1996, he created the Civil Society Foundation, on the basis of which the analytical group of B. N. Yeltsin’s election headquarters began to work. As a result of the group’s work, Yeltsin’s rating began to grow and, as a result, in the second round of the presidential elections on July 3, 1996, he received 53.82% of the votes.

In June 1996, he created the Center for the Protection of Private Property Foundation.

In the 1996 presidential campaign, he was involved in the “copier box case,” when on the night of June 19-20, 1996, members of Boris Yeltsin’s election headquarters, headed by Chubais, Arkady Evstafiev and Sergei Lisovsky were detained while trying to take them out of the White House box containing $538,000 in cash. However, after interrogation they were released, and the initiators of their detention - head of the presidential security service Alexander Korzhakov, FSB director Mikhail Barsukov and First Deputy Prime Minister Oleg Soskovets - were dismissed.

Yeltsin’s daughter Tatyana Dyachenko, who was part of the election headquarters, recalled in December 2009 that Chubais played an important role in carrying Yeltsin to a second presidential term: “When at the beginning of 1996 it became obvious to everyone that the election headquarters, which was headed by the Deputy Prime Minister government Oleg Soskovets is failing his job, Anatoly Chubais convinced the pope of the need to create a new, informal headquarters, which was called an analytical group.”

Head of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation

On July 15, 1996, he was appointed head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation. In 1996, he was awarded the qualification category Actual State Advisor of the Russian Federation, 1st class.

Second appointment to the Russian government

On March 7, 1997, he was appointed First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, and from March 17, at the same time, Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation.

On November 20, 1997, he was relieved of his post as Minister of Finance, retaining the post of First Deputy Chairman of the Government. In 1997, five leading reformers from the Government and the Presidential Administration received an advance of $90 thousand each from a publishing company for the not yet written book “The History of Russian Privatization.” The story was publicized as a “writing affair.” The authors of this book included A. Chubais, who at that time held the positions of First Deputy Chairman of the Government and Minister of Finance. In connection with the accusations, President Boris Yeltsin removed him from the post of Minister of Finance, however, the post of First Deputy Chairman of the Government was retained by him. See The Writers' Case (1997).

In 1997, based on an expert survey of the world's leading financiers, he was named the best finance minister of the year by the British magazine Euromoney (with the wording “for his contribution to the successful development of his country’s economy”).

In April 1997, he was appointed manager for the Russian Federation at the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.

May 1997 - May 1998 - member of the Russian Security Council.

March 23, 1998 - together with Chernomyrdin’s entire cabinet, he was dismissed and relieved of his post as First Deputy Chairman of the Russian Government.

RAO UES of Russia

From April 1998 to July 2008, he headed RAO UES of Russia. On April 4, 1998, at an extraordinary meeting of shareholders of RAO UES of Russia, he was elected to the company’s Board of Directors. On April 30, 1998, he was appointed Chairman of the Board of RAO UES of Russia.

Since 2000, Chubais has been mentioned in the media as the initiator and one of the developers of the concept of restructuring RAO UES. The reform provided for the withdrawal of power plants, power lines, and electricity sales organizations from the holding structure and the subsequent sale of most of their shares to private investors. Chubais pointed out that this the only possibility receive funds to modernize the Russian electricity sector.

After a large-scale power grid failure in Russia in 2005, he was questioned by the prosecutor's office as a witness; the Rodina and Yabloko parties demanded his resignation. At the same time, Yabloko stated that the causes of the accident were:

...the use of the RAO UES system to achieve goals unrelated to the objectives of energy supply, including political ones, incompetence and lack of professionalism, major miscalculations in the implementation of electricity reform, selfish tariff policy pursued by the state under the dictation of energy monopolies, self-confidence and negligence.

A member of the board of directors of RAO UES, Boris Fedorov, stated in 2000 that the restructuring of RAO is carried out in the interests of the company’s management, as well as affiliated oligarchic and political structures, calling Chubais “the worst manager in Russia, who is trying to become a major oligarch at the expense of the state and shareholders.”

On July 1, 2008, RAO UES was liquidated, the unified energy complex was fragmented into many companies involved in generation, maintenance of electrical networks, and energy sales.

Chubais himself assesses the results of the reform of the energy industry as follows: “The approved program provides for a volume of capacity commissioning in 2006-2010 that was unattainable in Soviet times - 41 thousand megawatts. In 2010 alone we will introduce 22 thousand. At the same time, the maximum volume of annual commissioning in the USSR was 9 thousand megawatts.”

On October 3, 2009, the Rostekhnadzor commission investigating the causes of the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station named A. Chubais among six senior executives of the Russian energy industry involved “in creating conditions conducive to the occurrence of the accident.” The Certificate of Technical Investigation of the Causes of the Disaster states in particular that the ex-chairman of the board of RAO UES of Russia, Anatoly Chubais, “approved the act of the Central Commission for the acceptance into operation of the Sayano-Shushenskoye hydropower complex. At the same time, a proper assessment was not given of the actual safety state of the SSHPP.” The commission’s conclusion also states that “subsequently, measures for the safe operation of the SSHHPP were not developed and implemented (including the decision “in as soon as possible to begin work on the construction of an additional spillway at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP,” the impellers on the hydraulic units have not been replaced, and a program of compensatory measures has not been developed for the safe operation of hydraulic units involved in power regulation and, therefore, having increased wear).” Anatoly Chubais himself did not deny his share of guilt in the accident.

• June 17 - August 28, 1998 - Special Representative of the President of the Russian Federation for relations with international financial organizations. The media published information that Chubais managed to obtain a loan from the International currency board(IMF).
• From May 14 to May 17, 1998, he took part in the Bilderberg Club meeting in Turnbury (Scotland).
• In February 2000, at a meeting of the government commission of the Russian Federation for cooperation with European Union appointed co-chairman of the Round Table of Industrialists of Russia and the EU from the Russian side.
• In July 2000, he became president of the CIS Electric Power Council. He was re-elected to this post in 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004.
• In October 2000, he was elected to the board of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (Employers).
• Since September 26, 2008, he has been a member of the international advisory board of J.P. Bank. Morgan & Co.
• Since February 6, 2013, member of the board of directors American company Tri Alpha Energy, Inc.

Russian Nanotechnology Corporation (since 2011 JSC Rusnano)

On September 22, 2008, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree appointing Chubais general director State Corporation "Russian Nanotechnology Corporation". Just two years later, on June 16, 2010, he received the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree, for “many years of conscientious work...” (see in the “Awards” section).

Since 2010 - member of the Skolkovo Foundation Board.

In July 2010, the State Duma adopted a law reorganizing the state corporation Rusnano into an open joint-stock company (OJSC), 100 percent of the shares of which were to become state property. In the same month, the law was approved by the Federation Council, after which the decree on the reorganization of the Civil Code was signed by President Medvedev.

In December 2010, by order of Prime Minister Putin, the state corporation Rusnano was transformed into OJSC Rusnano (registered in March 2011).

In 2011, Chubais was elected chairman of the board of Rusnano OJSC in connection with the transformation from the State Corporation to the OJSC.

On October 12, 2012, Anatoly Chubais joined the advisory board of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), one of the most authoritative US research centers engaged in analyzing and forecasting the socio-economic situation in the world.

In April 2013, the auditor of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, Sergei Agaptsov, stated that during the audit of Rusnano a large number of violations were identified. The buried program for the development of domestic tablet devices alone brought losses in the amount of 22 billion rubles. At the same time, the average salary of Rusnano managers was about 400,000 rubles. The Vedomosti newspaper writes about the deliberate fraudulent actions of the Rusnano management to siphon off money.

On January 20, 2014, the press service of Rusnano reported that the board of directors of the company plans to make a decision on January 28 on the early termination of the powers of the chairman of the board of the company A. B. Chubais and their transfer to the management company LLC Management Company RUSNANO, on the position of head of which was nominated by Anatoly Chubais.

Political activity and beliefs

The beginning of A. B. Chubais’s political activity dates back to the so-called “Leningrad circle” of “young economists”. After the founding of the Perestroika club, Chubais became a significant figure in the then democratic movement. In 1990, after the victory of the democratic forces over the CPSU in the elections to the Leningrad City Council, he was appointed deputy, then first deputy chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council, and was the chief economic adviser to the mayor of Leningrad Anatoly Sobchak. Since November 15, 1991 - Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for State Property Management - Minister of the RSFSR. On June 1, 1992, he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation for economic and financial policy. By the time of his appointment, Chubais had acquired a reputation as one of the toughest market liberals. Soon after resigning from the post of Deputy Prime Minister, Chubais headed Yeltsin's election headquarters.

In February 1996, he created the Civil Society Foundation, on the basis of which the analytical group of B. N. Yeltsin’s election headquarters began to work. In June 1996, he created the Center for the Protection of Private Property Foundation.

In December 1998, he joined the organizing committee of the Right Cause coalition and was elected to the coordinating committee of the coalition's organizing committee. Headed the commission on organizational work of the coordinating council.

In May 2000, at the founding congress of the all-Russian political organization "Union of Right Forces", he was elected co-chairman of the coordination council. On May 26, 2001, at the founding congress of the Union of Right Forces party, he was elected co-chairman and member of the federal political council. On January 24, 2004, he resigned from the post of co-chairman of the party. After the defeat of the Union of Right Forces in the 2007 parliamentary elections at the party congress, Chubais was again elected as a member of the federal political council of the Union of Right Forces.

Chubais believes that capitalism is the only path for Russia, despite contrary opinions: “You know, I have been re-reading Dostoevsky in the last three months. And I feel almost physical hatred for this man. He is certainly a genius, but his idea of ​​the Russians as a chosen, holy people, his cult of suffering and the false choice he offers makes me want to tear him to pieces.”

According to Chubais, each university should create affiliated companies, and “a teacher who is unable to create a business calls his professionalism into question.” In November 2009, he stated “If you are an associate professor, professor, head of a department in a specialized area and you don’t have your own business, why the hell do I need you at all?”

In May 2010, Chubais headed the Board of Trustees of the Yegor Gaidar Foundation, established by the Institute of Economic Policy named after. E.T. Gaidar" and Maria Strugatskaya.

Criticism

Anatoly Chubais is one of the most unpopular statesmen in Russia. Thus, according to the results of a social poll by VTsIOM in December 2006, 77% of Russians did not trust Chubais. In a 2000 FOM poll, the overwhelming majority assessed Chubais’s actions negatively; he was characterized as “a person acting to the detriment of Russia,” “a discrediter of reforms,” a “thief,” and a “swindler.” The respondents also negatively characterized his work at the head of RAO UES: “it is very cruel to leave children without electricity: hospitals, kindergartens, schools,” “he turns off the electricity - children die in the maternity hospital.” At the same time, a small part of the respondents noted his business qualities: efficiency, good organizational skills, energy. In a Romir survey in August 1999, Chubais was named one of those whose political and economic activities cause the greatest harm to the country. 29% of voters (44 thousand people) in the 199th electoral district of Moscow voted for the officer Vladimir Kvachkov, who was running for the State Duma, accused of organizing the assassination attempt on Chubais.

In 2008, opposition politician Garry Kasparov was very critical of Chubais. Kasparov, in particular, stated: “The “liberal reformers” did not develop the achievements of perestroika, but, on the contrary, buried them,” “Chubais is definitely not lying about one thing - he and his comrades did not lose the country. This country lost”, “the liberals of the 90s do not like their people and are afraid of them.” According to Kasparov, the “deprivations of the early 90s” were in vain.

In 2013, during the “Direct Line” of Russian President V.V. Putin, Perm journalist Sergei Malenko asked a question regarding Chubais’s responsibility for the reforms and the possibility of criminal prosecution.

Attempt on Chubais

On March 17, 2005, an attempt was made on Chubais. At the exit from the village of Zhavoronki, Odintsovo district, Moscow region, a bomb was detonated on the route of Chubais’s car, and in addition, the vehicles of the motorcade were fired upon. Chubais was not injured. Three people were detained in connection with the assassination attempt: retired GRU colonel Vladimir Kvachkov and paratroopers of the 45th Airborne Regiment Alexander Naydenov and Robert Yashin.

Kvachkov, while in prison, became involved in politics; he ran for the State Duma from the Preobrazhensky district, and took second place; then he was denied registration as a candidate from the Medvedkovo district. He stated the following:

At the same time, Kvachkov believes that his involvement in the assassination attempt has not been proven. It is interesting that he supported M. B. Khodorkovsky, with whom he spent some time in the same cell.

The Presidium of the Union of Right Forces issued a statement declaring the political nature of the assassination attempt. Chubais himself said that he expected an assassination attempt and the day before ordered to strengthen his security, but did not make detailed comments.

In the spring of 2006, the case of the assassination attempt on the head of RAO UES was brought to court. The defendants in the case of the attempt on Chubais demanded that it be tried by a jury. The selection of the panel was repeatedly postponed by the court due to the failure of a sufficient number of candidates to appear, as well as due to the illness of defense lawyers; representatives of the injured party filed a motion to dissolve the selected panel due to its bias (“the majority of the jurors are pensioners who will not be able to objectively consider the case”). On October 9, the lawyer of the defendant Kvachkov, Oksana Mikhalkina, reported that her client was removed from the courtroom and suspended from participating in the trial until the end of the hearing due to violations.

On June 5, 2008, the jury of the Moscow Regional Court returned a not guilty verdict. The guilt of the defendants has not been proven. All defendants - retired GRU colonel Vladimir Kvachkov and retired airborne troops Alexander Naydenov and Robert Yashin - were acquitted. On June 6, 2008, the Moscow City Court extended the arrest period of Ivan Mironov, against whom a separate criminal case was opened for this attempt, for another 3 months, and on August 27, it extended the period until November 11.

On August 26, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation overturned the acquittal in the case of the assassination attempt on the head of RAO UES of Russia A. Chubais. Thus, the court granted the request of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation and sent the case for a new trial.

On October 13, 2008, the Moscow Regional Court held regular hearings in the case of Kvachkov, Yashin, Naydenov and in the case of Ivan Mironov. During the hearings, it was decided to combine the cases into one.

On December 4, 2008, the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation satisfied the cassation appeal on the issue of illegal detention of Ivan Mironov. Ivan Mironov was released under a guarantee signed by State Duma deputies Ilyukhin, Komoedov, Starodubtsev and the leader of the People's Union party Baburin.

On August 20, 2010, the jury of the Moscow Regional Court finally acquitted the three suspects. At the same time, to the question “Has it been proven that on March 17, 2005, an explosion was carried out on the Minsk highway with the aim of ending the life of the Chairman of RAO UES of Russia A.B. Chubais?” the jury responded, “Yes. Proven” in the following proportion: seven out of twelve jurors - the crime was proven; five - there was no crime (there was an imitation of an attempt).

Charity

Anatoly Chubais is a member of the board of trustees of the Moscow charitable foundation assistance to the Vera hospice.

Anatoly Chubais in folk culture

A catchphrase that first appeared in the TV show Kukly: “It’s all Chubais’s fault” (it was also heard in one of the episodes of the first season of the series “Streets of Broken Lanterns”).

For his ambiguity, Chubais became the hero of jokes. For example, like this:

Participants in the attempt on the life of Anatoly Chubais received a suspended sentence under the article “negligence and inattention.”

Chubais himself, apparently, treats his image in the eyes of the people with irony - on his personal website there is a special section of anecdotes about himself.

Awards and titles

• Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree (June 16, 2010) - for his great contribution to the implementation of state policy in the field of nanotechnology and many years of conscientious work
• Certificate of Honor from the President of the Russian Federation (December 12, 2008) - for active participation in the preparation of the draft Constitution of the Russian Federation and great contribution to the development of the democratic foundations of the Russian Federation
• Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (August 14, 1995) - for active participation in the preparation and holding of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945
• Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (March 11, 1997) - for active participation in the preparation of the 1997 Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly
• Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (June 5, 1998) - for conscientious work and consistent implementation of the course of economic reforms
• Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (December 29, 2006) - for services in preparing and holding a meeting of heads of state and government of the G8 member countries in St. Petersburg
• Medal "For Merit to the Chechen Republic"
• Medal "For Special Contribution to the Development of Kuzbass" 1st degree
• Title “The person who made the greatest contribution to the development of the Russian stock market” from NAUFOR (1999).
• Honorary diploma of the International Union of Economists “International Recognition” “for his great contribution to the development of Russia based on the application of advanced international experience in the introduction of modern methods of organizing management, economics, finance and production processes” (2001).
• Reserve Lieutenant Colonel.
• Member of the advisory board (global board of advancers) at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) (since October 12, 2012) as an expert on the economy and scientific and industrial potential of Russia.

Anatoly Borisovich Chubais - photo

Anatoly Chubais is a well-known political figure, general director of the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation. During his time at the heights of power, he was able to acquire a rather controversial reputation. Many people want to know the real name and nationality of Anatoly Borisovich Chubais. These and other aspects of his biography can be found in this article.

Anatoly Chuubais: d childhood and youth

Anatoly Chubais was born on June 16, 1955, in the city of Borisov, which was then located in the Belarusian USSR. His parents were far from politics - his father was a candidate of philosophical sciences, and was previously a colonel. The second son followed the beaten path and became a philosopher. Anatoly Borisovich Chubais’s mother, Raisa, real name Segal, worked as an economist and was Jewish by nationality. His mother’s passion for economics and the heated debates between his father and brother about politics had a great influence on Anatoly Chubais’s worldview and his professional orientation.

In Odessa, he went to primary school, and then, due to the nature of his father’s work, he studied in Lvov. In 1967, Anatoly and his family moved to Leningrad. There he studied in a class with a military-patriotic direction.

After graduating from school, Chubais is faced with the question of where to go to study. He decided on his profession in elementary school, so he didn’t have much thought. Anatoly enters the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute at the Faculty of Economics and Organization of Mechanical Engineering Production. His studies at the university were quite easy, because he did what he liked. In 1983, Anatoly successfully defended his Ph.D. dissertation on the topic of improving planning and management methods in industrial technical and scientific organizations.

Career

From 1977 to 1982, Anatoly worked alternately in such professions as engineer, assistant and associate professor at his university. In the first months of 1977, he joined the CPSU party. Further, he founded a circle of economists among democrats based on their political worldview. Chubais spoke there and conducted seminars. The goal he set for himself with these speeches was to popularize democratic principles.

One day, while conducting another seminar, Anatoly meets Yegor Gaidar - in the future known as the head of the Russian Government.

At the end of the 1980s, Chubais became the founder of a club of economists called “Perestroika”. The activities of this club attracted the attention of leaders political elite St. Petersburg and, above all, Anatoly Sobchak. After he was appointed to the post of chairman of the Leningrad Soviet, he chooses Chubais as his deputy.

A. Chubais and A. Sobchak

In the fateful year of 1991, Anatoly Borisovich Chubais was elected chief adviser on economic issues to the mayor's office of Leningrad. There, an economist assembles a special group for a strategy for the development of the Russian economy. In the fall, Chubais becomes head of the Russian State Committee for State Property Management. A real breakthrough in his career was his election as Prime Minister of the Russian Federation during the reign of Boris Yeltsin.

In this position, Anatoly implemented his long-standing economic program, which made him famous. We are talking about privatization, when more than a hundred thousand enterprises were transferred to the private sector. The privatization campaign is still assessed ambiguously by politicians and economists, and the population has an extremely negative attitude towards it. However, if you look closely, despite all the failure of privatization, Russia had no other choice then.

In 1993, Chubais successfully ran for the State Duma from Russia's Choice, a center-right party. In November, he takes up a high position - becoming the first prime minister. The Federal Securities and Exchange Commission appoints him as its head.

Since then, the name of Anatoly Borisovich Chubais began to sound everywhere, many began to be interested in his nationality and biography, since he achieved real success. However, society is increasingly beginning to view him with a negative attitude.

During the presidential elections, Chubais becomes the head of Yeltsin's election campaign. He creates the “Civil Society Foundation” with the aim of increasing Boris Yeltsin’s rating among the population. The Foundation successfully completed its tasks, therefore, after winning the elections, the President gave Chubais the post of head of the Presidential Administration.

In 1997, Anatoly became Prime Minister of Russia for the second time and also held the post of Minister of Finance. In 1998, Chubais left his position. However, he does not remain idle - Anatoly Borisovich manages the Russian joint-stock company "United energy system Russia." In this company, Chubais is also involved in transferring shares into private hands. However, his colleagues did not approve of this, noting some of the failure of his reforms.

The company was liquidated 11 years later, Anatoly Borisovich becomes the director of a state-owned corporation called the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation. Chubais began to re-register the corporation into an open joint-stock company. Under his leadership, it quickly reached the top and became the main innovative company in Russia.

Personal life

Many people ask Anatoly Borisovich Chubais what his nationality is, since his last name is not Russian. Answering the question, the economist says that he is a real Jew.

The personal life of a politician is intense. Chubais married while still studying at the university, to beautiful girl named Lyudmila. From this marriage he had two children - Alexey and Olga. They decided, like their father, to become economists, which they did.

However, Anatoly Borisovich Chubais divorced Lyudmila. In the 1990s, Maria became his second wife, whose last name is Vishnevskaya, a real Polish by nationality. However, after 21 years life together, they broke up.

Now Anatoly Chubais lives with Avdotya Smirnova, a TV presenter and director, whom he married in 2012. Many condemn their relationship, since his wife is 14 years younger than him. However, they withstand the pressure of society and live in happiness.

Anatoly Borisovich is involved in charity work. He owns the Vera hospice support fund.
In his economic preferences, Anatoly supports capitalism and believes that economics teachers at universities should have their own business. In 2010, he became the head of the board of trustees of the Yegor Gaidar Foundation.

Attitude to Chubais's policies

Anatoly Borisovich is one of the most negative politicians in the eyes of Russians. More than 70% of people assess his policies as causing great harm to the Russian Federation. The negative attitude towards him and the unpopularity of his reforms became the reason for the attempt on his life.

In 2005, a bomb was detonated in the path of a car in which Chubais was driving. Miraculously, the explosion did not kill the economist. The assassination attempt was organized by Vladimir Kvachkov, who later ran for the State Duma. However, his guilt was not proven.

Anatoly himself takes criticism well, because, according to him, this way you can truly find out the results of your activities. Chubais, knowing the essence of the claims against him from society, admits his mistakes that he made in the 1990s.

In order to fully learn about the personality of the outstanding Russian politician Anatoly Chubais, you need to look into the past. Anatoly was born in Belarus, in a military family, and was raised under conditions of strict discipline from childhood.

The biography of any person begins with his family and his parents. Father Boris Matveevich was a colonel and also a participant in the Great Patriotic War. Already in retirement, he worked as a philosophy teacher at the institute. Mom Raisa Khamovna devoted herself entirely to raising her children and creating comfort in the family, despite the fact that she had an excellent education and could become an outstanding economist. Anatoly is half-Jewish by nationality, since his mother, Raisa Khamovna, is Jewish. Anatoly Chubais has an older brother, he is a scientist - Doctor of Philosophy. In the family of the future, the politician was often discussed, including on political topics. This played a big role in determining the choice of future profession, but in general the politician always said that he was proud of both his origin and his nationality.

At the Odessa school, Anatoly’s priority was the exact sciences; they were not only easy for him, he was even often able to contribute something new. At one time the family moved and settled in Lvov, but by the end of the fifth grade, young Anatoly settled in Leningrad. It is not surprising that the school the guy attended was military-political, with strict discipline and an impeccable educational process.

In one of the interviews, the politician admitted that he did not like school.

After graduating from school, young Chubais entered the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and graduated with honors. Painstaking educational and political activity began within the walls of the institution. Soon he successfully defended his Ph.D. dissertation.

His career began at the beginning of 1984, when, together with graduates of economic universities, the young Chubais created a circle of “young economists.” Three years later, on the initiative of Anatoly Chubais, the Perestroika club was created. The main idea of ​​the club is to promote democracy.

Already in 1991, Anatoly Chubais became the chief adviser on economic development in the mayor's office of the city of Leningrad. Possessing a brilliant analytical mind, he moves upward with lightning speed. And already in November of the same year he was offered the post of chairman of the Russian State Committee for State Property Management.

Soon, on June 1, 1992, Chubais was appointed First Deputy Chairman of the Russian Government.

From November 1994 to January 1996, Chubais served as Deputy Prime Minister for Economic and Financial Policy in the Russian government. Thanks to liberalization reforms carried out in 1995, Russian government finally acquired financial stability. By the end of 1995, the average annual inflation rate had dropped from 18% to 3%.

From April 1995 to February 1996, Chubais also represented Russia in two international financial institutions - the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA).

After resigning as deputy prime minister in January 1996, Chubais agreed to manage Boris Yeltsin's presidential re-election campaign. By this time, according to surveys public opinion, Yeltsin's approval rating fell to about 3%. Chubais established the Civil Society Foundation, as well as analytical group"Yeltsin Campaign", which became part of the Foundation. The group helped Yeltsin regain popularity and win re-election in the second round of polls on July 3, 1994, capturing 53.82% of the popular vote.

Anatoly Chubais is a Russian politician and businessman who was responsible for privatization in Russia as an influential member of Boris Yeltsin's administration in the early 1990s. During this period he was a key figure in the introduction of a market economy and the principles of private property in Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union.

As for his personal life, Anatoly Chubais is married and has a son and daughter from his first marriage.

A well-known political and economic figure, he has been General Director since 2008 state company"Rusnano".

Childhood

Anatoly Borisovich was born on June 16, 1955 in the city of Borisov, Minsk region. Father, Boris Matveevich, held the rank of colonel, was engaged in teaching at the Leningrad Mining Institute, where he introduced students to Marxist-Leninist teachings. Mother, Raisa Khamovna Sagal, an economist by training, kept family hearth and raised her sons, tried to develop their abilities with youth. Thus, the eldest son, Igor, subsequently received a Doctor of Philosophy degree and became a professor at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the RUDN University.

He went to school in Odessa, where his family later moved. Even then, the boy became interested in exact sciences and began to invent technical inventions. This was followed by a move to Lvov, and in 1967 my father was transferred to Leningrad for service. There, the future politician studied at a school with military-patriotic education. The boy more than once heard conversations on philosophical and political topics in the family circle, apparently, this partly influenced his future fate.

Education and party affiliation

I decided to enter the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute named after Palmiro Togliatti (LIEI) for “economics and organization of mechanical engineering production,” which I graduated in 1977, but until 1982 I continued to work there as an engineer, assistant, and associate professor. At the same time, he wrote his PhD thesis and successfully defended it in 1983.

In 1980 he joined the CPSU. At the same time, an economic circle was formed in Leningrad, which he headed together with Yuri Yarmagaev and Grigory Glazkov. The result of their joint developments was treatise“Improving the management of scientific and technological progress in production.” In 1994 he founded the Democratic Choice of Russia (DVR) party.

Video:

In 2002, he completed his studies at the Faculty of Advanced Training for Teachers and Specialists of the Moscow Energy Institute in the field of “Problems of Modern Energy”.

Since September 2011 - Head of the Department of Technological Entrepreneurship at MIPT.

Labor activity

In 1990, he began working as deputy chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council, and soon became the first deputy chairman of the executive committee. In 1991, the mayor of St. Petersburg at that time, A. Sobchak, invited him to work as the chief economic adviser. Already in November of the same year, he was appointed Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for State Property Management - Minister of the RSFSR.

On June 1, 1992, he was appointed deputy chairman of the Russian government on economic and financial policy, and from November 5, 1994 to January 16, 1996, he was the first deputy chairman, as well as the head of the Federal Commission on Securities and the Stock Market. In 1995-1997 - member of the Foreign Policy Council. Since the spring of 1995, for a year he was a manager for Russia in international financial organizations.

On March 17, 1997, he was appointed Minister of Finance of Russia (November 20 of the same year, relieved of his post), and in April - manager of the Russian Federation at the IBRD and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (resigned on March 23, 1998). From May 1997 to May 1998 he was a member of the Security Council. After that, for ten years he headed RAO UES of Russia. On April 4, 1998, he was elected to its directors, and on April 30 he was appointed chairman of the board.

In July 2000, he headed the CIS Electric Power Council as president. He was re-elected to this post for the next four years.

Video:

In October 2000, he joined the board of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs.

Since 2010 - on the board of the Skolkovo Foundation.

In 2011, he was elected chairman of the board of Rusnano OJSC.

On 10/12/2012 he joined the advisory board of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), and from 02/06/2013 he became a member of the directors of the American company Tri Alpha Energy, Inc.

Charity

Trustee of the Moscow charitable foundation for hospices "Vera".

Family status

In the late 70s, he and his wife Lyudmila lived in a small room in a communal apartment. In 1980, they had a son, Alexey (graduated from the Higher School of Economics), and in 1983, a daughter, Olga (graduated from the St. Petersburg Institute of Finance and Economics). In 1989 they separated.

A year later, he married again - Maria Vishnevskaya became his second wife. The peak of his career came during the years of their marriage, but after 21 years the couple broke up.

In January 2012, he got married for the third time. They have been together with TV presenter and director Avdotya Smirnova for more than four years.