Prospects for Russian naval aviation. Flying power of the Navy: what is Russian naval aviation armed with? Naval aviation uniform

22.09.2019 Food and drink

In the second half of 1945, new ones began to arrive into service with the mine and torpedo aviation units of the Navy Air Force. The 5th Guards were the first to receive them. MTAP of the Black Sea Fleet Air Force and the 64th DBAP of the Pacific Fleet Air Force. Over the next two years, the regiments of the 8th and 19th MTAD of the Baltic Fleet Air Force and the 567th Guards were re-equipped with these aircraft. MTAP Air Force Pacific Fleet.

On February 16, 1946, by decree of the PVS of the USSR, the NK of the Navy was abolished. The Navy, subordinate to the Minister of the Armed Forces, became known as the Navy. In accordance with this order of the Civil Code of the Navy No. 0100 dated March 26, 1946, the Air Force of the Navy was renamed Aviation of the Naval Forces, and the main directorate of the Navy Air Force was transformed into “obscure” Naval Air Commander's controls. They included: command, secretariat, headquarters, air defense department, IAS department, naval air supply department, airfield department and several departments (inspector, VMAUZ, personnel, financial and general). The same order carried out the transition to peacetime states. In the same year, the flight units armed with aircraft of this type were subject to decommissioning and, as a result, were disbanded. So only in the Pacific Fleet Air Force by 1947 the 117th OMDRAP, 31st, 47th, 57th, 63rd OMBRAE and 5th BRAZ were disbanded. A similar picture was observed in the air forces of other navies.

As of July 1, 1946, there were 5,252 aircraft in Naval Aviation, including 1,059 imported aircraft of all types, including 1,159 domestic fighters, 727 bombers and torpedo bombers, 482 attack aircraft, and 330 domestic boat aircraft. Another 1,455 aircraft were in educational institutions and naval aviation units.

In 1946-1950 There was an urgent need to streamline and reduce the vast post-war army economy, in light of which a wave of renaming of units, formations and associations swept across the entire Armed Forces. It did not bypass Naval Aviation either. The end of 1947 was marked by significant organizational and staffing changes for Naval Aviation. On December 15, 1947, in accordance with the NGSH Navy circular No. 0036 dated 10/07/1947, Naval Aviation switched to the standard organization of the Soviet Army Air Force. From now on, a unified system of unit and formation numbers was established for them. Based on the same document, a number of units of the Navy Air Force were renamed, receiving the numbers of the assault and fighter regiments of the SA Air Force that had been disbanded by that time. Thus, the 29th and 40th APPB of the Black Fleet Air Force became the 565th and 569th DBAP, the 17th Guards, 55th APPB and 64th DBAP of the Pacific Fleet Air Force - respectively, the 567th Guards, 568- m and 570th MTAP, and the 95th AP of the Northern Fleet Air Force - 574th MTAP. Two divisions of dive bombers (13th ADPB of the Black Sea Fleet Air Force and 10th ADPB of the Pacific Fleet Air Force) were also reorganized. They became, respectively, the 88th DBAD (MTAD) and the 89th MTAD. “As unnecessary,” attack aviation was abolished (although this was done a little later in the SA Air Force). Attack aircraft divisions and regiments were disbanded or reorganized into fighter and bomber units. From that time on, the aviation regiments were transferred from three-squadron to four-squadron strengths. This consolidation turned out to be not very successful, given that several flight units were usually stationed at the airfields of the air force fleets, and difficulties arose in organizing joint flights.

Another important organizational event for Naval Aviation was the division of the Baltic Fleet in 1946, and the Pacific Fleet in 1947, into two independent operational-strategic formations each. This is how the 4th and 8th Navy appeared in the Baltic and the 5th and 7th Navy in Pacific Ocean. Each such fleet had its own air force. There are suggestions that the same fate should have befallen the Northern Fleet and the Black Sea Fleet, but for a number of reasons this was not done.

In the first post-war five-year period, the process of reduction of Naval Aviation proceeded steadily: out of 19 aviation divisions, 16 remained (at the end of 1947, the 12th ShAD, 14th and 17th SAD were disbanded). The air force of the fleets then had 75 aviation regiments (of which 11 were mine-torpedo regiments). The personnel and equipment of the disbanded units became part of the regiments that were not subject to disbandment.

In 1947-1948 The aviation of all military flotillas, naval defensive areas and bases was liquidated. This, in general, did not particularly affect the quantitative and qualitative composition of Naval Aviation, since, often, the entire aviation of a flotilla consisted of a single squadron or unit of auxiliary aviation.

Based on the circular of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces dated August 28, 1948, the air defense department and the general department were abolished in the structure of the command and control bodies of the Commander of Naval Aviation. However, the task of air defense in coastal areas continued to be assigned to formations and units of fighter aviation of the fleets.

In April 1949, in accordance with the circular of the National General Staff of the Navy No. 0119 dated 03/09/1949, the flight units of the Naval Aviation returned to the old, time-tested three-squadron system.

By the beginning of the 1950s, despite its impressive numerical strength, Naval Aviation had a morally and physically outdated aircraft fleet. It was necessary to take immediate measures to re-equip it with modern types of aircraft. The piston aircraft was being replaced by the era of jet aircraft. To quickly retrain combat units on new equipment, at the end of 1950, training squadrons were formed in all fleets under the control of the MTA and IA aviation divisions. They existed until mid-1953 - early 1954, and, having completed their task, were disbanded.

On February 26, 1950, the main command of the Navy was renamed the Navy Ministry of the USSR. At the beginning of March, on the basis of resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 804/293, the Main Naval Headquarters began to be called the Naval General Staff. In accordance with the MGSH circular dated March 16, 1950, the control bodies of the Commander of Naval Aviation underwent another transformation. Their structure began to include: command, secretariat, headquarters, IAS directorate, engineering and airfield directorate, rear of the Naval Air Force, VMAUZ directorate and departments (flight service, aeromedicine, stock and financial, qualification commission). In addition, the Naval Air Force headquarters included directorates (operational, combat training, communications, experimental construction of aircraft) and departments (intelligence, navigation, military-scientific, meteorological, secret office work, general and encryption).

Since 1951, fighter aviation, armed mainly with Yak-9, La-7, La-9, La-11, R-63 aircraft, was the first in the Navy to begin retraining for MiG-15 jet aircraft, and since 1953. - on the MiG-17. Early that year, a number of MA Navy regiments changed their numbers again, this time to four-digit ones.

The next stage of reforms began on April 21, 1951, when the USSR Minister of Defense, by order No. 0188, set the deadline for re-equipping MTA units with Tu-14t and Il-28t jet torpedo bombers. In 1951-1953 The regiments, previously armed with , and , were completely retrained and re-equipped from piston aircraft to jet technology. The first regiment to retrain on the Il-28 was the 1531st Guards in August 1951. MTAP Air Force of the 8th Navy, and in October the 1676th MTAP Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet began retraining. At the end of 1951, he began retraining the 567th Guards. MTAP Air Force of the 5th Navy. In April and May 1952, the newly formed 1941st MTAP of the Northern Fleet Air Force also retrained on the Tu-14t. In total, by the second half of 1952, eight mine and torpedo regiments had already been re-equipped with Il-28t and Tu-14t.

Reconnaissance aviation units began to master the reconnaissance version of the Il-28 aircraft in March 1952 (1733rd ORAP of the Northern Fleet Air Force, AE of the 15th ODRAP of the 8th Navy Air Force and AE of the 50th Guards ODRAP of the 5th Navy Air Force).

In the late 1940s - mid 1950s. A number of units and formations of SA Air Force fighter aircraft were transferred to the Navy Air Force. Thus, the 60th, 108th and 237th Guards were accepted in the Baltic. NAD, in the North - 107th and 122nd IAD, on the Black Sea - 181st IAD, in the Pacific Ocean - 147th and 249th IAD. In addition, a number of units and formations of the SA Air Force bomber aviation were also transferred to Naval Aviation. In the Baltic, the 4th Guards was transferred to the Fleet Air Force. BAD and 57th TBAD, on the Black Sea - 819th Guards. BAP, in the Pacific Ocean - 169 Guards. TBAP and 194th dietary supplement. This was an attempt to protect them from future layoffs. At the same time, they, as a rule, changed their numbering, and sometimes their purpose (bomber regiments and divisions became mine-torpedo units).

In 1952, new aviation equipment - helicopters - entered service with Naval Aviation. The first unit armed with them was the 220th separate aviation detachment of Ka-10 helicopters, formed in Sevastopol. These machines could hardly be called full-fledged aircraft, but time has shown that they are the future. Already by the mid-1950s. separate squadrons of basic (on Mi-4) and naval helicopters (on Ka-15) were created in the fleets: 255th, 507th and 509th UAEV in the Baltic, 1222nd and 272nd UAE on the Black Sea, 504th UAE in the North.

Based on the directive of the Moscow General Staff of the Navy dated February 21, 1953, the military scientific, navigational department and some other divisions were liquidated in the control bodies of the Naval Air Force.

By June 1953, in the Far East, the 5th and 7th Navy were united into a single Pacific Fleet, and, accordingly, a single Pacific Fleet Air Force reappeared on the basis of their air force. In the Baltic, this process occurred a little later: in February 1956, the two fleets merged, and a single Baltic Fleet Air Force was formed at the air force base of the 4th and 8th Navy.

By January 1, 1954, the Naval Air Force had 10 mine-torpedo, 20 fighter and 10 reconnaissance air regiments, as well as 29 separate squadrons and detachments.

In 1955, modern Tu-16 jet aircraft began to arrive in the mine-torpedo aviation unit. Although the Il-28 and Tu-14 often continued to be used in combat units, until 1960. The first regiment to retrain on the Tu-16 was the 240th Guards. MTAP 57th MTAD Baltic Fleet Air Force. Initially, the new aircraft were used in a bomber, torpedo-carrying and anti-submarine version, and from 1957 - in a missile-carrying version.

It should be noted that, unlike the SA Air Force, where Long-Range Aviation in the mid-1950s massively rearmed itself with the Tu-4 piston long-range bomber, this did not happen in the Navy Aviation. In addition to the 124th TAP (MTAP) of the Black Sea Fleet Air Force, the 240th Guards. TAP of the Baltic Fleet Air Force and a separate control detachment of the 143rd MTAD of the Pacific Fleet Air Force, these aircraft did not enter service, and those that did were taken from Air Force units.

In 1956, the central apparatus of the Naval Aviation once again changed its name. Now he began to be called aviation authorities of the Navy.

Based on the directive of the USSR Ministry of Defense dated April 20, 1956, attack aviation in the Air Force and Navy was subject to disbandment. But Naval Aviation lost it two years earlier, when the last attack formation, the 601st ShAD Air Force of the 4th Navy, was reorganized into a fighter division.

The intensive development of submarine forces in the United States, especially the construction of submarines with nuclear power plants, has significantly increased the combat capabilities of the latter. Under these conditions, Naval Aviation was faced with the task of searching and destroying them. To successfully solve it, it was necessary to create a special type of aviation - anti-submarine aviation, since until 1956 this was mainly done by reconnaissance and mine-torpedo aircraft. The first anti-submarine aircraft of the Fleet Aviation was the Be-6 flying boat, and helicopters for a similar purpose were the shore-based Mi-4 and the ship-based Ka-15. Creation anti-submarine aviation required the creation of new means of detecting submarines. Therefore, in 1953, the Baku radiohydroacoustic system was created, which was equipped with Be-6 aircraft and Mi-4, Ka-15 helicopters. At the end of the 1950s. it was also not equipped a large number of aircraft Tu-16pl. The Baku system consisted of passive non-directional buoys RSL-N (Iva) and aircraft on-board equipment that received, analyzed and processed information coming from the RSL. In parallel with the development of aviation RSL, the creation of a helicopter lowered hydroacoustic station (OGAS “AG-19”) was underway. The Mi-4 and Ka-15 helicopters were initially armed with it. Aviation search magnetometers - APM-50, and in 1960 - APM-60 were developed and put into service in 1950.

From December 1, 1957, on the basis of the directive of the Civil Code of the Navy No. OMU/4/30250 dated July 20, 1957, linear training was introduced in Naval Aviation. From now on, all regiments are divided into parts of the 1st and 2nd lines. Units and subunits of the 1st line were planned to have large flight hours to train flight personnel, and the 2nd line was planned to maintain the already achieved level of flight training.

In the period 1956-1960. Naval Aviation, which was then entrusted with solving air defense problems in the coastal zone, was called Air Force and Navy Air Defense. But already in 1957, in connection with the reorganization of the country's air defense system, the first wave of transfer of fighter units and formations from the Air Force took place there.

Naval Aviation continued to improve continuously in the second half of the 1950s. A new formidable weapon began to enter its arsenal - an aircraft cruise missile. In 1957-1961 mine-torpedo aircraft successfully mastered new missile systems. Following the Tu-16ks missile system, the Tu-16k-10 missile system was adopted into service in 1959, intended primarily for the destruction of large surface ships. It consisted of a Tu-16k carrier aircraft and one K-10 missile. The 170th Guards were the first to rearm with the new missile system. MTAP DD Air Force BF, 924th Guards. and the 987th MTAP AD of the Northern Fleet Air Force. They were followed by the 240th Guards. MTAP DD Air Force BF, 5th Guards. and 124th MTAP DD Air Force Black Sea Fleet, 169th Guards. and the 570th MTAP DD Air Force Pacific Fleet, which received these weapons in 1960-1961.

In 1960, the Armed Forces of the USSR underwent a new catastrophic “reform” associated with the name of the then leader of the country N.S. Khrushchev. 1.2 million people were dismissed from the army. The newest ships and planes went under the knife, giving way to another fashionable toy - the rocket. All fighter aircraft were excluded from the Navy Air Force, and most mine-torpedo units and formations were also disbanded; at the same time, in fact, many thousands of flight and technical personnel were abandoned to the mercy of fate. At the end of 1960, the Air Force and Air Defense fleets began to be called fleet aviation(and the Air Force and Air Defense Directorate of the Navy was renamed Naval Aviation Directorate); The departments themselves were reduced by half.

During these sad processes, a new strike force of the Soviet Navy was born - its naval missile-carrying and anti-submarine aviation. Since May 1961, on the basis of the order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 0028 of March 20, 1961 and the order of the Navy Civil Code No. 048 of April 13, 1961, all mine-torpedo regiments and divisions began to be called naval missile-carrying regiments (while in the Air Force SA similar units and formations retained the name heavy bomber).

After 1961, the structure of Naval Aviation was completely defined. The air force of each fleet had a naval missile-carrying aviation division (except for the Pacific Fleet, where there were two MRADs), one reconnaissance regiment, 1-2 helicopter regiments (squadrons), an anti-submarine and transport regiment. There were also separate squadrons for special purposes. This composition remained virtually unchanged until the mid-1980s, when the fleet aviation was replenished with assault regiments.

In 1962, the combat capabilities of anti-submarine aviation expanded significantly with the adoption of the new Il-38 anti-submarine aircraft complex, which had an automated search and targeting system "Berkut", into service with Naval Aviation. But this aircraft began to arrive in combat units of the Air Forces of the fleets a little later: in 1967 at the airport. Kipelovo (SF) the 24th OPLAP DD was formed, armed with Il-38 aircraft. Behind him in 1969 at the air. Nikolaevka (Pacific Fleet) was formed by the 77th OPLAP DD, and in 1975 these aircraft were received by the 145th OPAAE DDAaviation BF, based at the aer. Skulte (Riga).

In 1962, the MRA received another aviation missile system - the Tu-16k-16 with the KSR-2 missile, designed to destroy ships of the destroyer-frigate class. The carrier aircraft could suspend and use two such missiles. A significant difference between the KSR-2 AKR and older types of missiles was that after it was uncoupled, the Tu-16 could turn back on its course, and the missile itself followed the target, while the K-10 and KS AKRs needed continuous “illumination” of the target onboard RAS of the aircraft. The first to re-equip themselves with the new missile system were: in 1963 - the 540th MRAP (II) of the 33rd TsBP and PAS and the 568th MRAP of the Pacific Fleet Air Force, then, in 1964 - the 12th OMRAP of the Baltic Fleet Air Force, and in 1967 g. - 49th MRAP of the Pacific Fleet Air Force. The adoption of a new missile system significantly expanded the combat capabilities of missile-carrying divisions. Now in a missile salvo it was possible to use two types of missiles with different speed and altitude characteristics, which created serious problems for the air defense system of the enemy naval group. It should be said that later, on the basis of the K-10 and KSR-2 missiles, specialized AKR K-Yusp and KSR-11 were developed and put into service, the first of which was an unmanned electronic jammer, and the second was an anti-radar missile that hit radio sources . MRA units began practicing the integrated use of these new types of weapons.

In 1962, the Navy reconnaissance aircraft received the Tu-22r supersonic reconnaissance aircraft. He entered first the 15th ODRAP of the Baltic Fleet Air Force, and then the 30th ODRAP of the Black Sea Fleet Air Force. This aircraft, although it was in service with several bomber and reconnaissance regiments of the DA, however, did not gain much love from the flight personnel due to its high accident rate. Perhaps that is why it was not supplied to the Navy aviation in a missile-carrying version (although there were plans to re-equip one of the regiments of the 3rd MRAD in the Pacific Fleet Air Force with it).

In 1963, the Tu-16k-26 complex with the KSR-5 supersonic missile was adopted by the MRA. Two missiles could be suspended from the carrier aircraft. Later, after modification, the Tu-16k-10 complex could be armed with three missiles (one K-10 and two KSR-2, KSR-5 or KSR-11, in various combinations). It was named Tu-16k-10-26. In the early 1970s. MRA units armed with Tu-16k-26 aircraft systems began to receive the KSR-5p anti-radar missile, capable of hitting operational enemy ship-based and ground-based missile systems.

It can be said, without exaggeration, that with the arrival of all this missile technology, the combat power of naval missile-carrying aircraft has increased significantly, without increasing the number of carrier aircraft. And even in the late 1990s, having re-equipped the supersonic missile carrier Tu-22MZ with the Kh-22 missile, MRA pilots recalled with nostalgia the good old and practically trouble-free Tu-16.

Reconnaissance aircraft also continued to develop. In 1963 at the air. Severomorsk-1 (SF Air Force) the 392nd ODRAP was formed, armed with the latest strategic aircraft at that time - Tu-95rts reconnaissance aircraft, equipped with electronic and radio reconnaissance complexes, as well as “Success” target designation equipment. By 1965, this regiment was relocated to its place of permanent deployment, at the air. Kipelovo. In 1965, the 867th Guards was rearmed with the Tu-95rts. ODRAP of the Pacific Fleet Air Force at the air. Khorol. The Tu-95rts aircraft in one flight was capable of revealing the situation in an area of 8-10 million km?, detecting and identifying surface targets in it, which corresponded to the survey of the same area by 10 Tu-16r aircraft. In addition, it could automatically provide target designation data to the missile systems of the fleet’s strike forces.

In 1965, the short-range aviation anti-submarine complex Be-12 was adopted by the Navy Aviation. They were rearmed with aircraft of this type: in 1965 - the 318th OPLAP DD (Donuzlav airport), in 1967 - the 122nd OPLAP DD (Elizovo airport), in 1968 - the 403rd OPLAP DD (airport . Severomorsk-2), in 1969 - 289th OPLAP DD (Nikolaevka airfield), in 1970 - 17th OPLAP DD (Kosa airborne). Previously, all these flight units were armed with Be-6 flying boats.

Since 1965, the Ka-25pl shipborne helicopter has been mass-produced for Naval Aviation. The helicopter began to arrive in combat units in the same year - in the 872nd ORP of the Black Fleet Aviation and the 710th ORP of the Pacific Fleet Aviation. Ka-25pl helicopters entered the aviation of the Northern Fleet and the Baltic Fleet: in the 830th ORP and 745th ORP - in 1967 and 1969, respectively.

In 1969, the leadership of the Navy decided to serially produce the more advanced ship-based anti-submarine helicopter Ka-27pl, and in 1973 it began to enter service with combat units. The first to receive it in the same year was the 872nd OKPLVP of the Black Sea Fleet Aviation.

In 1969, to expand the coverage area of our anti-submarine forces into the ocean, a long-range aviation complex, the Tu-142, was adopted into service with the submarines. Although the anti-submarine weapons of the Tu-142 were similar to those of the Il-38 aircraft, its tactical radius was up to 4000 km, versus 2300 km for the latter. Aircraft of this type entered service with the newly formed air force. Kipelovo - 76th OPLAP AD SF Air Force (1969), and at the air. Khorol - 310th OPLAP AD VSTOF (1976).

Since the late 1960s. to the beginning of the 1990s. Naval Aviation successfully carried out combat service in the advanced areas of the world's oceans. The tasks of the Armed Forces were solved both from the decks of single and group-based aircraft carriers (745th ORP of the Baltic Fleet Air Force, 78th and 872nd OCPLVP of the Black Fleet Air Force, 38th and 830th OCPLVP, 279th OKSHAP of the Northern Fleet Air Force, 207th , 710th OKPLVP, 175th OKPLVE, 311th OKSHAP Pacific Fleet Air Force), and from airfields of foreign countries. The geography of the deployment of naval aviators at foreign airfields is quite extensive: Egypt and Syria in the Mediterranean, Ethiopia, Somalia and Yemen in the Indian Ocean, Cuba, Guinea and Angola in the Atlantic, Vietnam in the Pacific Ocean. At the airfields of these countries: Cairo, Aswan, Mersa Matrouh, Asmara, Hargeisa, Aden, El-Anad, Dahlak, Havana, Conakry, Luanda, Cam Ranh, Da Nang, aviation units and support units from the air force of the fleets were based. Areas of responsibility were also divided between the fleets. The crews of the 318th OPLAP and the 30th ODRAP of the Black Sea Fleet Air Force, the 967th ODRAP and the 912th OTAP of the Northern Fleet Air Force worked in the Mediterranean Sea. The crews of the 392nd ODRAP of the Northern Fleet Air Force flew to the Atlantic for combat service, and the crews of the 145th OPLAP of the Baltic Fleet Air Force, the 77th OPLAP, the 710th OKPLVP and the 304th Guards flew to the Indian Ocean. ODRAP Air Force Pacific Fleet.

In Vietnam until 1982 on air. Da Nang was based in a mixed detachment of Tu-95rts and Tu-142m aircraft, from the 304th Guards. ODRAP and 310th OPLAP Pacific Fleet Air Force. Since 1982, by agreement with the government of Vietnam, at the air. Cam Ranh was deployed on a permanent basis by the 169th Guards Mixed Aviation Regiment (formerly 169th Guards MRAP), which, in addition to a squadron of Tu-142 and Tu-95rts aircraft, had a squadron of Tu-16k-10 missile carriers and Tu electronic warfare aircraft -16sps. Since 1984, a squadron of MiG-23mld fighters, formed from personnel and aircraft of the 1st VA Air Force, was added to them. This was the only case in the history of the Navy Air Force, since the withdrawal of our troops from China in 1955, of an entire aviation regiment being based at a foreign airfield along with support units. However, in 1993, after the collapse Soviet Union, a foreign page was closed in the history of Naval Aviation when the 362nd Guards was disbanded. OSAE (in 1989 the 169th Guards OSAP was reorganized into it), and in 2000 - the 128th Aviation Technical Commandant's Office at the air. Cam Ranh.

In 1974, the supersonic Tu-22M2 aircraft with variable wing geometry, capable of carrying three Kh-22M AKRs, entered service with the MRA. The first regiments to retrain in new type aircraft, became the 943rd MRAP of the Black Sea Fleet Air Force and the 240th Guards. MRAP Air Force BF. The Pacific received a new aircraft much later: in 1980. - 568th MRAP, in 1982 - 570th MRAP, and only in 1991 - 183rd MRAP.

In the mid-1970s. Heavy aircraft-carrying cruisers (TAKR) Project 1143 were introduced into the combat strength of the USSR Navy, capable, unlike the Moskva-type anti-ship missiles, of carrying not only helicopters, but also vertical take-off and landing aircraft Yak-38. At the same time, attack aircraft were revived as part of Naval Aviation. The Kyiv aircraft carrier was built for the Northern Fleet. The Pacific Fleet received two other ships: the Minsk and Novorossiysk aircraft carriers. For basing on them, in addition to shipborne helicopter regiments, shipborne assault aviation regiments were formed as part of the Aviation of the Northern Fleet and Pacific Fleet. In December 1973 at the air. Saki began the formation of the 279th separate naval assault aviation regiment, armed with Yak-38 aircraft, for the Northern Fleet Air Force. To train flight personnel for new aircraft, in September 1976 at the airport. Saki, the 299th separate ship-based instructor and research assault aviation regiment is being formed. In October 1976, as part of the Pacific Fleet Air Force at the air. The 311th separate naval assault aviation regiment is being formed at the marina.

Since 1975, coastal-based assault units have appeared in Naval Aviation. Then the 846th Guards. The Baltic Fleet Air Force OPLAP was reorganized into the 846th Guards Separate Marine Attack Aviation Regiment. In December 1982 at the air. At the pier, another assault unit was formed - the 173rd Separate Naval Assault Aviation Regiment. Both regiments received Su-17m aircraft.

In 1975, the next large-scale exercise of the USSR Navy, Ocean-75, was planned and carried out. For the first time, they practiced joint operations of reconnaissance and anti-submarine aircraft from foreign airfields in Cuba, Africa and Asia. Missile-carrying aviation of the Baltic Fleet and Black Sea Fleet performed inter-theater maneuvers during the exercises.

In March 1980, the Fleet Aviation was once again renamed Air Force fleets. At that time, Naval Aviation was an impressive force and had five naval missile-carrying divisions (13 missile-carrying regiments on Tu-16 and Tu-22m aircraft). There were also two reconnaissance regiments on the Tu-95rts, two regiments on the Tu-22r, a regiment and two squadrons on the Tu-16r. In 1983, the first and only 35th anti-submarine aviation division of the Northern Fleet Air Force was formed (two regiments flying Tu-142 aircraft). Two regiments and one squadron flew Il-38 aircraft, and another three regiments and two squadrons were armed with Be-12 amphibians. Six regiments and three squadrons were armed with helicopters. The special aviation included a separate electronic warfare regiment and four transport regiments. The assault aviation was represented by two naval assault and two naval assault regiments. In addition, a separate transport regiment was directly subordinate to the commander of the Navy Air Force, and the 33rd TsBP and PLS had instructor and research units: a missile-carrying regiment, a ship assault regiment, a helicopter regiment and an anti-submarine squadron.

In 1989, as part of the Treaty on the Reduction of Conventional Arms in Europe, a number of units and formations of bomber, attack and fighter aircraft were transferred from the country's Air Force to Naval Aviation. Thus, the Black Fleet Air Force was transferred to the 119th IAD (86th Guards IAP, 161st IAP, 841st Guards MAPIB) and the 43rd OMSHAP, the Baltic Fleet Air Force - the 132nd BAD (4th Guards BAP , 321st BAP, 668th BAP) and 66th APIB, SF Air Force -88th APIB.

The experience of operating Yak-38 attack aircraft from the deck of the Kiev, Minsk and Novorossiysk aircraft carriers helped to find a fundamental new way the use of conventional aircraft. We are talking about a springboard takeoff of an aircraft with an aerofinish landing. The ship capable of carrying such aircraft was the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser Project 1143.5, which at the end of 1991 became part of the Northern Fleet under the name “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov.” Domestic front-line aircraft MiG-29 and Su-27 in naval version were chosen as the aviation complexes of this ship. The basis of its carrier-based aviation was the 279th MShAP. In March 1993, the first 4 Su-27k aircraft were transported from the aircraft plant in Komsomolsk-on-Amur to the airport. Severomorsk-3. By the end of the tests, the regiment already had 24 aircraft of this type. At the same time, the regiment was reorganized into the 279th separate naval fighter aviation regiment, which was supposed to be armed with Su-27k, MiG-29k, Su-25utg aircraft. Together with the 830th OKPLVP, it formed the 57th mixed naval aviation division of the Northern Fleet Air Force. The new division adopted the number and honorary names from the 57th MRAD of the Baltic Fleet Air Force, disbanded in December 1991.

By the beginning of the 1990s. The country is experiencing decisive changes in the socio-political and economic spheres. But they have not yet touched much on Naval Aviation. Moreover, by January 1, 1991, the Naval Aviation Headquarters planned to have 45 air regiments and several separate squadrons in the combat composition of Naval Aviation, which were supposed to contain 1388 aircraft and 542 helicopters. In reality, by this time, Naval Aviation had 52 regiments, 10 separate squadrons and air groups with 1,701 aircraft and 363 helicopters, of which 372 were missile carriers, 966 fighters, attack aircraft and reconnaissance aircraft.

But then came December 1991, and the Soviet Union collapsed. For almost another year, the destructive whirlwinds of collapse almost did not touch the Navy Aviation, but, in the end, they reached it. The basing system was the first to begin to collapse. The aviators had to leave long-established airfields in Belarus (together with the 57th MRAD), Georgia (841st JGV. OPLVE) and the Baltic states (132nd MShAD). The naval aviation airfields in Ukraine also became a stumbling block. In addition to them, two training centers came under the jurisdiction of Ukraine - in Nikolaev and Saki.

In September 1992, the Navy Air Force Directorate was renamed Directorate of the Commander of Naval Aviation.

In 1993, another landslide reduction in Naval Aviation began. Under a far-fetched pretext - due to “low reliability” - aircraft with one engine were withdrawn from service: Su-17, MiG-27, MiG-23 - and, accordingly, the flight units armed with them were disbanded. (It should be noted that the same and similar aircraft continue to fly successfully abroad to this day). Then came the turn of the Tu-16 and Tu-95rts aircraft, which formed the basis of naval missile-carrying and reconnaissance aircraft. At the same time, due to the high accident rate, a ban was given on flights of Tu-22M2 aircraft. They were placed in storage for subsequent disposal. Thus, the following types of aircraft remained in service with Naval Aviation:

MRA -Tu-22mZ;
RzA - Su-24m, Su-24mr, An-12rr;
PLA - Be-12pl, Il-38, Tu-142mz, Tu-142k, Ka-27pl, Mi-14pl;
SHA - Su-24m;
TrA - Tu-134, Tu-154, Il-18, An-12, An-26, An-72, Mi-8;
SpA- Il-20rt, Il-22, Tu-142mr, Be-12ps, Mi-14ps, Mi-14bshz, Ka-27ps, Ka-27tl, Ka-27e.

In 1994, all military formations of the Navy, Air Force, Air Defense and Ground Forces stationed in the Kaliningrad region were united into the Joint Group of Troops and Forces of the Baltic Fleet. The aviation component of this group became known as the Air Force and Air Defense of the Baltic Fleet.

By the beginning of 1995, Naval Aviation remained with 2 air divisions of two regiments, 23 separate regiments, 8 separate squadrons, a group of ekranoplanes and 2 training centers. This year it lost its reconnaissance aircraft. Individual reconnaissance squadrons were disbanded, and the entire fleet of reconnaissance aircraft over the next two years consisted of several An-12pp aircraft, which were part of transport regiments, and even then they were used mainly for transport and “commercial” transportation.

By mid-1996, the strength of the Navy Aviation was 695 aircraft, of which 66 missile carriers, 116 anti-submarine aircraft, 118 fighters and attack aircraft and 365 helicopters and special aircraft.

At the beginning of 1997, the staff strength of Naval Aviation was 619 aircraft and 716 crews. In February, 13 Ka-29tb helicopters were transferred to the Aviation of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which became unnecessary for the Navy Air Force. The remaining helicopters of this type quietly lived out their lives in a semi-disassembled state in the so-called “storage groups”, on the outskirts of airfields (although in the states of the 289th OPLAP and 317th SAP until 2007 they were still listed - 2 and 1 units, respectively ). The sailors remembered these specialized helicopters with “quiet sadness” at the end of 2008, when to fight pirates in the Gulf of Aden they had to use Ka-27ps helicopters with an improvised installation of a machine gun on board...

On November 1, 1997, the Directorate of the Commander of Naval Aviation was once again renamed Directorate of the Commander of Naval Aviation.

In 1998, the reorganization of Naval Aviation in the Far East took place. In Kamchatka, the 6th Air Defense Division and the 317th OSAP of the Pacific Fleet Air Force were transformed into the Aviation and Air Defense Group of the Joint Command of Troops and Forces in the North-East of the Russian Federation (Aviation and air defense OKVS). The Navy MA included one missile-carrying division of two regiments, 12 separate regiments and 7 separate squadrons.

Then the leapfrog of renamings continued. Since 2000, Naval Aviation began to be called Naval Aviation of the Navy(at the same time, no one could clearly say what the essence of this renaming was), but already on September 1, 2002, the department of the commander of the Navy MA was renamed Directorate of the Chief of the Air Force and Air Defense of the Navy(for the second time since the mid-1950s, having received such a name). Now in Naval Aviation, instead of the position of commander, the position of chief has been introduced. How sadly the troops joked: “So soon we’ll reach the head of aviation.” It should be said that such a change in the name of the head of the Navy Aviation had another negative side. His status in the Navy leadership hierarchy and job category were lowered. Now from Colonel General she was demoted to Lieutenant General. Corresponding changes took place in the fleets. Since that time, there have been aviation associations there, bearing different names: in the Baltic - the Air Force and Air Defense of the Baltic Fleet, in the North and the Black Sea - the Air Force of the Northern Fleet and the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet, and in the Pacific Ocean - the Air Force and Air Defense of the Pacific Fleet, the Air Force and Air Defense of the OKVS. All these groups were represented by separate regiments and squadrons, and, in addition, at the Baltic Fleet and Pacific Fleet they also included anti-aircraft missile, radio engineering, and electronic warfare units.

Almost to this day, the process of reducing the Air Force and Air Defense of the Navy has not stopped, although it is now hidden behind the fashionable word “optimization.” This is due, first of all, to the lack of supplies to Naval Aviation new technology, as well as with meager funding for maintaining existing aircraft.

The next round of these “reforms” began in October 2008, when the board of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, chaired by Minister A. Serdyukov, adopted a program for another significant reduction Russian army(approved by the president of the country). According to it, the total strength of the RF Armed Forces by 2012 should be reduced by 350 thousand people, of which at least 150 thousand people should be officers. The institution of warrant officers and midshipmen was to be completely eliminated (instead of them it was proposed to create an institute of “professional sergeants and foremen”). The transformations affected all army structures. In particular, its strike component was removed from Naval Aviation - MRA, ShA and IA units, which, together with anti-aircraft missile and radio engineering units, were to be transferred to the Air Force and Air Defense. In addition to them, by mid-2011, parts of transport aircraft were also subject to seizure. By December 1, 2009, the remaining aviation (PLA and KIA) and rear units were reorganized into air bases, in the manner of the Air Forces of Western countries. The number of such air bases should be: from two (at the Baltic Fleet, Black Sea Fleet and Northern Fleet) to four (at the Pacific Fleet), including:

7050th AvB MA SF at air. Severomorsk-1,
7051st AvB MA SF at air. Kipelovo and Olenya,
7052nd AvB MA BF at the air. Chernyakhovsk,
7053rd AvB MA BF at the air. Chkalovsk,
7054th Guards AvB MA BF on air. Khrabrovo,
7055th Guards AvB ChCP on air. Ostafyevo,
7056th AvB ChTsP on air. Island,
7057th AvB MA Black Sea Fleet at the air. Kacha,
7058th AvB MA Black Sea Fleet at the air. Gvardeiskoye,
7059th AvB MA Pacific Fleet at the air. Knevichi,
7060th AvB MA Pacific Fleet at the air. Elizovo,
7061st Guards AvB MA Pacific Fleet at aer. Stone Brook,
7062nd AvB MA Pacific Fleet at the air. Nikolaevka.

The number of personnel in flight units was supposed to be reduced by 35%, and headquarters and institutions - by 60%. A large number of officer positions were to be replaced by civilian ones. At the same time, the deadlines for carrying out these activities were set as extremely strict - by December 1, 2009. From the beginning of 2009, the directorate of the Chief of the Air Force and Air Defense of the Navy was once again renamed Directorate of the Chief of Naval Aviation of the Navy, with a simultaneous reduction of the apparatus by 60%.

Already during these so-called “transformations”, it was planned during 2011 to have only one air base in each fleet (which itself became part of the corresponding “newly formed” district). Russian Naval Aviation has not seen such a defeat since 1960...

Commanders of Naval Aviation

In 1916-1923 The Navy aviation was commanded by: A.A. Tuchkov (1914-1915), B.R. Miklashevsky (December 1915, VrID), I.N. Dmitriev (July 1916 - July 1917), A. A. Tuchkov (July 1917), B. Shcherbachev (August-October 1917), A. P. Onufriev (November 1917-19/9, Commissar of the MA), N. F. Chernov (in 1918 .), S.A. Lishin (March-November 1919, repressed), I.N. Dmitriev (September 1918 - June 1920), S.E. Stolyarsky (June 1920 - May 1921, office of the head of the Republic's Air Force for hydroaviation), M.F. -September 1920), A.P. Onufriev (September 1920 - 1922).

In the period 1923-1935. the post of head of the country's Naval Aviation was abolished.

From 1935 to the present, Naval Aviation has been commanded by:

V.K. Bergstrem (July 1935 - November 1937, repressed), Romashin (February-October 1936, VrID), F.G. Korobkov (January 1938 - June 1939, VrID) S F. Zhavoronkov (June 1939 - December 1946), P. N. Lemeshko (March 1947 - December 1949), A. M. Shuginin (December 1949 - February 1950 , VrID), GSS E.N.Preobrazhensky (February 1950 - May 1962), GSS I.I.Borzov (May 1962 - August 1974), GSS A.Mironenko (August 1974 - July 1982), GSS G.A. Kuznetsov (1982-1988), V.P. Potapov (1988-1994), V.G. Deineka (1994-2000), I.D. Fedin ( 2000-2003), Yu.D. Antipov (April 2003 -2007), V.P. Uvarov (2008-2009), N.V. Kuklev (January-August 2010, removed) , State Russian Federation I.V. Kozhin (since August 2010, VrID).