Download a presentation on the geography of the Sea of Japan. Sea of Japan Prepared by Anastasia Kuskova

21.10.2019 Business

Smirnova Olga 9a grade Gymnasium No. 114

Description Sea of Japan.

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Presentation on geography by 9th grade student Olga Smirnova “Sea of Japan”

The Sea of Japan is a sea composed of Pacific Ocean, separates from it Japanese islands and the island of Sakhalin. Connected with other seas and the Pacific Ocean through 4 straits: Korean (Tsushima), Sangarsky (Tsugaru), La Perouse (Soya), Navelsky (Mamiya). It washes the shores of Russia, Korea, Japan and the DPRK. A branch of the warm Kuroshio Current enters in the south. Area – 1062 thousand km². The greatest depth is 3742 m. The northern part of the sea freezes in winter. Fishing; production of crabs, sea cucumbers, algae. Main ports: Vladivostok, Nakhodka, Vostochny, Sovetskaya Gavan, Vanino, Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky, Kholmsk, Niigata, Tsuruga, Maizuru, Wonsan, Hungnam, Chongjin, Busan.

Climate The climate of the Sea of Japan is temperate, monsoonal. The northern and western parts of the sea are much colder than the southern and eastern parts. In the coldest months (January-February), the average air temperature in the northern part of the sea is about −20 °C, and in the south about +5 °C. The summer monsoon brings warm and humid air. The average air temperature of the warmest month (August) in the northern part is approximately +15 °C, in the southern regions about +25 °C. In autumn, the number of typhoons caused by hurricane winds increases. The largest waves have a height of 8-10 m, and during typhoons, the maximum waves reach a height of 12 m.

Currents Surface currents form a gyre, which consists of the warm Tsushima Current in the east and the cold Primorsky Current in the west. In winter, the surface water temperature rises from −1-0 °C in the north and northwest to +10-+14 °C in the south and southeast. Spring warming entails a fairly rapid increase in water temperature throughout the sea. In summer, the surface water temperature rises from 18-20 °C in the north to 25-27 °C in the south of the sea. The vertical distribution of temperature is not the same in different seasons in different areas of the sea. In summer, in the northern regions of the sea, the temperature is 18-10 °C in a layer of 10-15 m, then it sharply drops to +4 °C at a horizon of 50 m and, starting from a depth of 250 m, the temperature remains constant around +1 °C. In the central and southern parts of the sea, the water temperature decreases quite smoothly with depth and at a horizon of 200 m reaches +6 °C; starting from a depth of 250 m, the temperature remains around 0 °C. Currents on the surface of the Sea of Japan

Salinity. The salinity of the water in the Sea of Japan is 33.7-34.3 ‰, which is slightly lower than the salinity of the waters of the World Ocean. Tides. Tides in the Sea of Japan are clearly expressed, to a greater or lesser extent in different areas. The greatest level fluctuations are observed in the extreme northern and extreme southern regions. Seasonal fluctuations in sea level occur simultaneously over the entire surface of the sea; the maximum rise in level is observed in summer.

Ice conditions According to ice conditions, the Sea of Japan can be divided into three areas: the Strait of Tatar, the area along the coast of Primorye from Cape Povorotny to Cape Belkin and Peter the Great Bay. IN winter period ice is constantly observed only in the Tatar Strait and Peter the Great Bay; in the rest of the water area, with the exception of closed bays and bays in the northwestern part of the sea, it does not always form. The coldest area is the Strait of Tartary, where more than 90% of all ice observed in the sea is formed and localized during the winter season. According to long-term data, the duration of the period with ice in the Peter the Great Gulf is 120 days, and in the Tatar Strait - from 40-80 days in the southern part of the strait, to 140-170 days in its northern part. The first appearance of ice occurs at the tops of bays and bays, closed from wind and waves and having a desalinated surface layer. In moderate winters in Peter the Great Bay, the first ice forms in the second ten days of November, and in the Tatar Strait, at the tops of Sovetskaya Gavan, Chekhachev Bays and Nevelskoy Strait, primary forms of ice are observed already in early November. Early ice formation in the Peter the Great Gulf (Amur Bay) occurs in early November, in the Tatar Strait - in the second half of October. Later - at the end of November. In early December, the development of ice cover along the coast of Sakhalin Island occurs faster than near the mainland coast. Accordingly, at this time there is more ice in the eastern part of the Tatar Strait than in the western part. By the end of December, the amount of ice in the eastern and western parts is equalized, and after reaching the parallel of Cape Syurkum, the direction of the edge changes: its displacement along the Sakhalin coast slows down, and along the continental coast it intensifies.

In the Sea of Japan, the ice cover reaches its maximum development in mid-February. On average, ice covers 52% of the area of the Tatar Strait and 56% of the Peter the Great Bay. Ice melting begins in the first half of March. In mid-March, the open waters of Peter the Great Bay and the entire coastal coast up to Cape Zolotoy are cleared of ice. The ice boundary in the Tatar Strait retreats to the northwest, and in the eastern part of the strait clearing of ice occurs at this time. Early clearing of the sea from ice occurs in the second ten days of April, later - at the end of May - beginning of June.

Flora and fauna. Undersea world The northern and southern regions of the Sea of Japan are very different. In the cold northern and northwestern regions, the flora and fauna of temperate latitudes has formed, and in the southern part of the sea, south of Vladivostok, a warm-water faunal complex predominates. Off the coast Far East There is a mixture of warm-water and temperate fauna. Here you can find octopuses and squids - typical representatives of warm seas. At the same time, vertical walls overgrown with sea anemones, gardens of brown algae - kelp - all this is reminiscent of the landscapes of the White and Barents Seas.

There is great abundance in the Sea of Japan starfish And sea urchins, different colors and different sizes, brittle stars, shrimps, and small crabs are found (Kamchatka crabs are found here only in May, and then they move further into the sea). Bright red ascidians live on rocks and stones. The most common shellfish is scallops. Among the fish, blennies and sea ruffes are often found.

Question about naming the sea. In South Korea, the Sea of Japan is called the "East Sea", and in North Korea it is called the Korean East Sea. The Korean side claims that the name “Sea of Japan” was imposed on the world community by the Empire of Japan. The Japanese side, in turn, shows that the name “Sea of Japan” appears on most maps and is generally accepted.

Thank you for your attention!

Slide 2

Plan

1. Size and geographical location of the Sea of Japan. 2. Hypotheses about the origin of the Sea of Japan. 3. The nature of the Primorye coastline. 4. Properties of water masses. 5. Inhabitants of the Sea of Japan.

Slide 3

Dimensions of the Sea of Japan:

The volume is 1715 thousand m3, the average depth is 1750 m, the maximum is 4224 m. The greatest length along the meridian is 2255 km, the greatest width is about 1070 km. Area - 1062 thousand km². The Sea of Japan (Japanese 日本海 nihonkai, Korean 동해 donghae, “eastern sea”) is a sea within the Pacific Ocean, separated from it by the Japanese islands and the island of Sakhalin.

Slide 4

Hypotheses about the origin of the Sea of Japan

1. Some scientists believe that the Sea of Japan basin is of oceanic origin. The deep-sea basin is part of the oceanic Pacific floor, and underwater hills and surface islands (Japanese Islands) were formed by the advances and retreats of oceanic waters, which continued until Quaternary time. 2. Another group of scientists suggests that the sea basin was formed as a result of the separation of a large land block in the form of the Japanese Islands from the Asian continent and its further movement east towards the Pacific Ocean.

Slide 5

The Sea of Japan is connected to other seas and the Pacific Ocean through 4 straits: Korean (Tsushima), Sangarsky (Tsugaru), La Perouse (Soya), Nevelsky (Mamiya). It washes the shores of Russia, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the DPRK. A branch of the warm Kuroshio Current enters in the south. The cold Primorsky Current runs along the coast from northeast to southwest. Map of the Sea of Japan coast

Slide 6

In the Sea of Japan, there are surge movements of water that have annual period hesitation. Severe storms at sea are associated with cyclones, which can be divided into two types: tropical (oceanic origin) - typhoons; continental (from the interior of Asia). Sea salinity is 34%0. Movement of tropical cyclones

Slide 7

Inhabitants of the Sea of Japan: fish (Pacific herring, cod, pollock, navaga, flounder, salmon (chum salmon, pink salmon, chinook salmon), sardine-iwasi, anchovy, mackerel), crabs, sea cucumbers, mammals, shrimp, oysters, scallops, mussels, cuttlefish , squid, seaweed.

Slide 8

Kelp Trepang

Slide 9

Scallop

Slide 10

Larga seal

Slide 11

White-sided dolphin Jellyfish Squid

Slide 12

Slide 13

Among the most dangerous sharks that sometimes swim into the Sea of Japan in the warm season are such species as the great white (white death, carcharodon), gray-blue (mako), basking hammerhead shark (hammerhead shark), shortfin gray shark (spindle shark), Pacific herring (salmon shark) and fox shark (thresher shark).

Slide 14

Hammerhead shark Mako shark - lightning-fast predator

Slide 15

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Sea anemones (anemones) Octopuses Kamchatka crab

Slide 17

Test Choose the correct answer 1. The area of the Sea of Japan is: A) 80 thousand km2; B) 980 thousand km2; B) 1062 thousand km2. 2. Average depth of the Sea of Japan: A) 750 m; B) 1750 m; B) 4224 m. 3. The shores of the Sea of Japan (choose three answers): A) slightly indented; B) heavily cut; B) cool; D) steep. 4. In the Sea of Japan there are currents: A) Kuroshio; B) Tsushima; B) Guinean; D) Primorskoe. 5. Average salinity of water in the Sea of Japan: A) 30%0; B) 32%0; B) 34%0; D) 35%0. 6. The largest island in the Sea of Japan off the coast of Primorye: A) Popova; B) Russian; B) Putyatin. 7. The largest bay of the Sea of Japan off the coast of Primorye: A) Amur; B) Ussuri; B) Peter the Great; D) Olga. 8. Russky Island is separated from the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula by the Strait of: A) Stark; B) Bosphorus-East; B) Askold; D) Amursky.

Slide 18

9. According to the species composition of fish, the Sea of Japan ranks among the seas of Russia: A) 1st place; B) 2nd place; B) 3rd place; d) 4th place. 10. In terms of the size of fish stocks, the Sea of Japan ranks among the seas of Russia: A) 1st place; B) 2nd place; B) 3rd place; d) 4th place. 11. The city of Vladivostok is located on the coast of the bay: A) Muravyinaya; B) Golden Horn; B) Ulysses; D) Patroclus. 12. A white-winged porpoise swims into the Far Eastern Marine Reserve, this is: A) Whale; B) Dolphin; B) Killer whale. 13. In winter, ice in the Sea of Japan: A) never exists; B) covers a very narrow strip along the coast of Primorye; C) covers the entire Sea of Japan. 14. In the coastal area of the Sea of Japan, representatives of pinnipeds are found: A) sealed seal; B) walrus; B) sea lion; D) seal.

Slide 19

Sources: Geography of Primorsky Krai. 8-9 grades: Tutorial for educational institutions of general secondary education. /Baklanov et al. Vladivostok 2000. 2. V.V. Tomchenko. Tests, questions and assignments on the geography of Primorsky Krai. Toolkit. Vladivostok 1998. 3. Kakorina G.A., Udalova I.K. Teaching the course “Geography of Primorsky Krai”. Methodological recommendations. - Vladivostok: Dalnauka. 1997. 4. Internet.

Slide 20

Thank you for your attention!

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Wave parameters depend on the strength of the wind and its duration, on the nature of the underwater coastal

The nature of the orbits of wave particles in a shallow water wave

Scheme of wave refraction for flat (A) and bay

When interacting with the coast, wave movements contribute to the formation of wave

Lateral movement of sediment

The collection of neutral points on an underwater slope is called a neutral line.

Movement of sea water. The main factor in the formation of relief and processes of sediment movement in the coastal

9.2. Coastal elements. The coastline is usually called the line of intersection of the surface of the sea (ocean, lake

Coastline (edge line) - a line along which the horizontal water surface of the sea (or

Coastal structure diagram

Coast - a strip of land adjacent to the coastline, the relief of which is formed by the sea when

The strip of seabed adjacent to the shore and

Flat coast with

9.3. Abrasion type of shores. The most intense destruction occurs along the coast, near which the bottom

With further destruction, the coastal cliff moves towards the land. At the same time, the waves destroy and

Kekura Five Fingers (Sea of Japan)

Debris material carried from the beach to the underwater slope is crushed, abraded during movement,

9.4. Accumulative forms of the coastal zone. For shallow shores with a gentle bottom slope, in

The accumulation of sediment in the area of the surf flow is called a beach. Beach - elementary accumulative

Beach of incomplete profile (A) and coastal rampart (B) - beach of full profile (according to

Coastal ramparts. Full profile beach with a coastal rampart during the attenuation of storm waves

A coastal wall is formed in cases where the surf current is much stronger than the reverse one and

Larger accumulative formations, the origin of which

Stages of development of the coastal bar in plan (a, b, c) and in section (I-II,

Typical examples of a coastal bar are the Arabat Spit on the western coast of the Azov Sea.

9.5. Accumulative forms formed during the longitudinal movement of sediment. When the waves approach

Formation of elementary accumulative forms during longitudinal movement of sediment. I - when filling out the incoming

1. Filling the incoming corner of the bank. The coastline turns sharply towards the sea (Fig.

Spit of the Sea of Azov

3. External blocking of the bank. In case of blocking the coast by an island, shoal or cape (Fig. III)

4. General drop in wave field energy in bays. In narrow and long bays

Coasts with a heavily indented coastline (with rapid subsidence below sea level, greatly

The most important geomorphological results of sea activity are: 1) the formation of above-water marine abrasion terraces formed

9.6. Types of initial shoreline dissection. In addition to the geological structure of coastal areas, the slope

1. Fiord shores formed as a result of the flooding of glacial valleys in coastal mountainous countries. They

Ingression coasts are the result of flooding of coastal land by the sea

Aral-type shores are formed when the aeolian relief is flooded by the sea, when above sea level

On the shores of some seas, tides play a significant role in the development of the coastline topography

Classification and types of sea shores:

In the mangrove banks, forest thickets of mangroves, trapping sand and silt particles brought by rivers

Coral shores and islands

Sea terraces. Since the level of the World Ocean in Quaternary time, due to changes in glacial and

Sea terrace. Sakhalin.

In each terrace you can highlight elements such as

. Types of marine terraces: A

All this forces us to look for ways to protect the coast from destruction. There are many defense techniques

Kekura Five Fingers (Sea of Japan)

Debris material carried from the beach to the underwater slope is crushed, abraded, rounded, and sorted during movement. Larger material. moves towards the shore by a straight wave moving with higher speed than the reverse, which carries thinner material beyond the lower edge of the bench. Here the formation of an underwater accumulative leaning terrace begins, the flat surface of which, in the process of its development, directly continues the surface of the abrasion terrace. The process of abrasion and retreat of the coast is gradually slowing down due to an increase in the shallow water zone due to the expansion of abrasion and accumulative terraces. The profile of the coastal zone is approaching the state of the abrasion profile of equilibrium, in which neither abrasion nor accumulation of material occurs at any point of the coastal profile.

9.4. Accumulative forms of the coastal zone . Shallow shores with a gentle bottom slope, in contrast to deep, intensively eroded shores, are characterized by the accumulation of clastic material and the formation of accumulative forms. Marine sediments formed in the coastal zone in shallow water conditions -coastal-marinesediments are very mobile. If the waves are directed at right angles to the shore, the sediment will move laterally, and if the waves approach at an oblique angle, the sediment will move longitudinally along the shore. Most often, waves approach the shore at a certain angle, so both types of movement occur simultaneously. As a result various types the movement of fragmentary material forms various accumulative forms of coastal relief.

The most characteristic forms of accumulative types

shores during transverse movement of sediments are

beaches, underwater and coastal ramparts and coastal bars.

Accumulation of sediments in the zone of action of the surf flow called the beach. The beach is an elementary accumulative form within the coastal zone of the sea. The beach is usually composed of larger sediments than the underwater coastal slope. Due to the fact that maximum speeds direct flow are reached at the beginning of movement, near the wave breaking zone, this is where the largest fragmentary material accumulates. Further up the beach, the sediment size naturally decreases.

Based on morphological characteristics, they are distinguished beaches of full and incomplete profile.

Full profile beach is formed if there is enough free space in front of the forming sediment accumulation. Then the beach takes on the appearance of a coastal rampart, most often with a gentle and wide sea slope and a short and steeper slope facing the shore.

If the beach is formed at the foot of a ledge, then a leaning beach, or beach of incomplete profile, with one slope facing the sea.

Beach of incomplete profile (A) and coastal rampart (B) - beach of full profile (according to V.V. Longinov):

1 - bedrock: 2 - beach sediments

Coastal ramparts. A full-profile beach with a coastal swell during the attenuation of storm waves is complicated by smaller swells forming on its frontal slope. In a strong storm, small levees are destroyed, and the material composing them is partially carried away to the underwater slope, and partly thrown over the crest of the levee to the rear slope, increasing the height of the levee and moving it towards the land. With a significant height of a large coastal wall, the latter may no longer be affected by waves, then a new, younger large coastal wall will form at the base of its sea slope. In the process of forming coasts of the accumulative type, a whole series of ancient coastal levees may arise, which will ultimately lead to the build-up of the coast and its movement towards the sea. The structure and location of the coastal ramparts makes it possible to reconstruct the history of the formation of the coast and the position of ancient coastlines.

stretch for tens to hundreds of kilometers along the rugged low-lying sea coasts and usually separate the coastal waters - the lagoon - from the sea. The bases of many bars are located at depths of 10-20 m, and they rise above the water by 5-7 m. Bars are very widespread: 10% of the entire length

The coastline of the World Ocean falls on shores bordered by bars. The bar development diagram is shown in Fig. The emerging underwater bar over time turns into an island bar, and then, as a result of its attachment to the shore, it becomes a coastal bar.

The coastal bar in its development successively passes through three stages - underwater, island and coastal; according to this they differ

underwater, island and shore bars. The underwater bar is formed entirely due to bottom waters, and the wave-breaking flow participates in the formation of the island and coastal bars. The island bar rises above the water, but unlike the coastal bar, it is not connected to the shore at any point

Stages of coastal bar development in plan (a, b, c) and in section(I-II, III-IV, V-VI). a-underwater, b-island, c-shore

Typical examples of a coastal bar are the Arabat Spit on the west coast Sea of Azov. greatest length (200 km). The Arabat Spit, separating the Sivash Lagoon from the Sea of Azov.

Municipal educational budgetary institution

"Secondary school No. 4"

Pozharsky municipal district

Primorsky Krai

Japanese Sea

Performed

geography teacher

MOBU secondary school No. 4

urban-type settlement Luchegorsk

Primorsky Krai

Tkacheva M.N.

Geographical position 3
General information 4
Coastline 5
History of development 8
Bottom relief 14
Current pattern 15
Water temperature 16
Water salinity 18
Organic world 20

13. Far Eastern Marine Reserve 32

14. Sources of information 38

Geographical position

Determine from the map:

a) the boundaries of the sea;

b) connection of the Sea of Japan with other seas;

c) connection with the Pacific Ocean

General information

Tatar

strait

Sea area -

1.062 million km²

Water volume -

1.631 million km³

The total length of the coastline is

7531km

Average depth –

1535m

Maximum

depth - 3742 m

Strait of La Perouse

North Korea

Japan

Korea

Korean

strait

Coastal

territory line

Primorsky Krai

Determine the ruggedness of the coastline of the Sea of Japan coast of the Primorsky Territory

Coastline of the south of Primorsky Krai

List the largest bays, islands, peninsulas

atlas page 14

Coastline diagram

south of Primorsky Krai

History of development

In the middle of the first millennium, the sea route from the ancient state of Bohai to Japan began from the Gulf of Posiet, along which diplomatic and trade exchanges were carried out

Research

I.F.Kruzenshtern and Yu.F.Lisyansky

1806 - during a trip around the world, the expedition (1903-1904) of I.F. Kruzenshtern and Yu.F. Lisyansky photographed the eastern shores of the Sea of Japan

Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy

1849 - G.I. Nevelskoy discovered the strait between the mainland and Sakhalin Island

Stepan Osipovich Makarov

1887, 1889 – the crew of the corvette “Vityaz” under the command of Admiral S.O. Makarov described the bays of Peter the Great Bay, and also studied the circulation of surface waters of the Sea of Japan

Modern research

Scientific vessel "Vityaz"

Underwater vehicle "Mir"

Training frigate "Nadezhda"

Research vessel

"Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin"

Bottom relief

Current pattern

cold

Primorskoe

North Korean

warm

East Korean

Tsushima

How do these currents affect the climate of the sea?

Temperature

surface water

in summer

July

Determine from the map:

a) in what direction does the water temperature change?

b) water temperature off the coast of Primorsky Krai

Give reasons

Temperature

surface waters

in winter

January

Using the map, determine in which areas of the Sea of Japan ice forms.

Why?

Salinity of water

1.What does the salinity of the world's oceans indicate?

2.What reasons influence salinity?

3. Determine the salinity of the waters of the Sea of Japan

Organic world of the sea

The organic world of the Sea of Japan is very rich.

It has 800 species of plants, more than 3.5 thousand species of animals, including 1000 species of fish, 26 species of mammals

Sea of Japan

underwater

dogfish shark

Commercial fish species

pollock

Ivasi

flounder

Pacific herring

saury

cod

navaga

Crustaceans

crab

shrimp

Cancer hermit

Shellfish

octopus

cuttlefish

squid 7 m long

Echinoderms

sea urchin

flat sea urchin

sea cucumber

Coelenterates

SCALLOP

sea anemone

Mammals

WHITE SEAL

JAPANESE SOUTH CHAPE

SEA HARE

minke whale

Mariculture

Mariculture, aquaculture– cultivation of useful shellfish, algae, fish, and other organisms in the seas, bays or in artificial conditions. There are 36 mariculture farms and 2 aquaculture farms in Primorye. They grow sea cucumbers, seaweed, mussels, scallops, crabs