Hello, dear readers – seekers of knowledge and truth!

For us, people of the Western world, the word “Zen” is associated with something peaceful and calm. This sound contains eastern wisdom, and its mere mention takes us to where the sun rises first.

There, in the east, there is a whole movement, or it would be more correct to say, a worldview, which is based on this concept.

In today's article we will tell you briefly about the philosophy, the history of its origin, and the main provisions. We will try to explain in an accessible and understandable way what truths Zen contains, how it differs from other areas of Buddhism, and how to live according to this teaching.

What it is

Zen is one of the directions of Mahayana Buddhist thought, which is firmly rooted in East Asia: in Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese spaces and especially in Japan. It is curious that the same philosophy is different languages called differently:

• in Japanese - Zen;
• in Chinese - chan;
• in Vietnamese - Thien;
• in Korean - dream.

The rest of the world is familiar with the Japanese name – “Zen”. But whatever you call it, it has Sanskrit roots and comes from the word “dhyana”. “Dhyana” is translated as “contemplation”, “highest concentration”, “profound thought”, which perfectly reveals the essence of the teaching.

The Zen teaching sometimes goes by other names:

• “Heart” - is inextricably linked with the idea of ​​mahakaruna, which proclaims a comprehensive feeling of love and empathy;
• School of Buddha Consciousness.

Zen philosophy was originally a school of contemplation through which one can achieve enlightenment, the main goal of the Buddhist path. Zen is a search for the inner prophet who lives in each of us.

By renouncing the simple mind, calming the mind and penetrating into its nature, contemplating the vastness of the inner world, plunging inside oneself, one can find the truth, draw it - not from the outside, but precisely in the depths of the true “I”.

For followers, Zen is not a philosophy with strict methods, rules, principles. Rather, it becomes a way of life - measured, calm, filled with spirituality, internal practices that take you beyond the boundaries of the rational.

The Zen path can lead students to important goals: revelation of their own inner essence, knowledge of the absolute and a state of enlightenment - satori.

A little history

The seeds of Zen teaching were sown by Buddha Shakyamuni himself, when he transmitted the awakened state to his supporter Mahakashyap. The transmission of revelation was done without any words or sounds, with the help of a lotus flower, connecting one heart and its impulses with another heart.

Later, philosophy “migrated” from India to China thanks to the great Bodhidharma, an important figure in the history of Buddhism, a symbol of Buddhist thought and awakening. Already by the 5th-6th centuries, Zen philosophy covered the entire Celestial Empire, largely incorporating the ideas of Taoism, which had previously dominated.

Gradually, the philosophy spread, reaching the borders of other countries of the Far East. In China, Vietnam, Korea, it found recognition and continued to develop, and in each country it followed its own path.

Imprints of the Zen Buddhist way of thinking can be found in art, music, literature and even medicine.

But Zen especially influenced Japanese culture. For almost a millennium, Zen has been associated with the Land of the Rising Sun - ever since it came here at the end of the 12th century. Every fifth Buddhist temple in Japan belongs to the Zen tradition.

Here it is presented in different directions:

• Obaku;
• Rinzai;
• Soto;
• Fouquet.

Already from the mid-19th century, when hitherto “closed” Japan began to gradually open its doors to other cultures, Zen became known to Westerners. He, incredibly flexible and adaptive, was liked by Westerners who so needed peace, spiritual enrichment and knowledge of the inner world.

By the mid-20th century, it gained great popularity in America and European countries. Zen followers united in communities, built temples, universities, and deeply studied its theoretical and practical aspects.

To this day, this interest has not faded: the number of adherents of this worldview is constantly growing, and world literature There is an increasing supply of books that introduce the inexperienced reader to a wonderful world in the spirit of Zen.

Fundamentals of Philosophy

Zen philosophy helps a person to penetrate and understand the deep nature of his own mind. To achieve this, you do not need to include thought processes and use the capabilities of the intellect. One should concentrate on the “ordinary”, natural mind.

The concept of "Tao" is central to Chinese Zen practice, a path that everyone should follow. This is what gives rise to everything that exists. This, to some extent, is the mind.

Focusing on a specific subject helps to free your thoughts - in other words, meditation. She is an important guide to self-knowledge and comprehension of satori.

Zen teaching, like other branches of Buddhism, emphasizes the importance of the generally accepted four noble truths, the three jewels. But at the same time, it says that truth cannot be understood through words, scriptures, texts, prescribed doctrines - it can only be felt with the heart, understood with the gut, because truth is inexpressible.

Therefore, Zen denies the study of sutras and sacred scriptures in its practices, and this is its main difference from other branches of Buddhism.

The founder of the teaching, Bodhidharma, said that Zen is “a direct transition to the awakened state, bypassing tradition and sacred texts».

Zen suggests purifying the heart through certain penetrations and actions.

• zhu li - direction inward, through the principle, which means studying the true essence of oneself;
• zhu shi – direction outward, through deeds, which means calming the mind when performing all actions.

Direction to the outside world, zhu shi, involves 4 actions:

1. Refusal of hatred and bad deeds

Bad actions have consequences - bao. The right thing to do is to understand evil and not worry about future troubles.

1. Following karma

Everything that awaits us in the future is the result of the actions of the past and present. Karma is inevitable, so you just have to accept it.

1. Giving up desires and attachments

The Buddha bequeathed that desires are the root cause of all suffering, therefore, on the path to awakening, one must abandon them.

1. Achieving harmony with and Tao

You should take the right path, examine yourself, get rid of bad thoughts, and open up to the eternal.

Ignorance, hatred and attachment are the three poisons known to every Buddhist. Zen encourages eradicating them through meditative practices. They will help expand the facets of the world, see that all things are not dual, as is commonly thought, and understand the essence of Buddha.

This non-dual essence of things can be seen by understanding that at the core of all things, Zen sees emptiness. Emptiness cannot be seen with the eyes or described with language - it can only be comprehended.

At the same time, emptiness in Buddhism does not mean the absence of something, unfulfillment. Rather, on the contrary: it says that a person and the world around him are not separated by any boundaries.

Such a revelation can be comprehended by abandoning the subjective vision of phenomena, which distorts the real picture of the world. The moment a person has completely given up selfishness and illusions, he can see the true Self.

Zen is built on four principles that adherents must follow:

1. Understand Buddhist philosophy without the help of scriptures.
2. Refuse words and text.
3. Directly refer to your consciousness.
4. Contemplate the inner nature of man and strive for the state of satori.

The teaching does not accept violence against oneself, which can be expressed in a sharp rejection of absolutely all human desires. It accustoms to a harmonious lifestyle, understanding of the inner and external nature and gradual knowledge of the truth through the path of meditation, study of the mind, and contemplation.

Conclusion

Thank you very much for your attention, dear readers! We wish you successful practice in meditation and achieving a peaceful state of Zen.

It is believed that Zen cannot be taught. We can only suggest the path to achieving personal enlightenment.
(More precisely, there is no such thing as enlightenment that one can have. Therefore, Zen teachers ("masters") often say not "to achieve enlightenment" but to "see one's own nature." (Enlightenment is not a state. It is a way of seeing .))
In addition, the path to seeing one’s own nature is different for everyone, since everyone is in their own conditions, with their own baggage of experience and ideas. That is why they say that in Zen there is no definite path, there is no one definite entrance. These words should also help the practitioner not to replace his awareness with the mechanical execution of some practice or idea.
It is believed that a Zen teacher must see his own nature, because then he can correctly see the state of the “student” and give him instructions or a push that is suitable for him. At different stages of practice, the “student” may be given different, “opposite” advice, for example:
- “meditate to calm the mind; try harder”;
- “don’t try to achieve enlightenment, but just let go of everything that happens”...
According to general Buddhist ideas, there are three root poisons from which all suffering and delusion arise:
1. ignorance of one’s nature (cloudness of mind, dullness, confusion, restlessness),
2. disgust (to the “unpleasant”, the idea of ​​something as an independent “evil”, generally rigid views),
3. attachment (to something pleasant - unquenchable thirst, clinging)…
Therefore, awakening is promoted by: (1) calming the mind, (2) liberation from rigid views and (3) from attachments.
The two main types of regular Zen practice are sitting meditation and simple physical labor. They are aimed at calming and unifying the mind. When self-churning stops, the “dregs settle,” ignorance and anxiety decrease. A cleared mind can more easily see its nature.
At a certain stage, when the practitioner has calmed the mind, a good mentor - seeing the "obstacle" in the practitioner's mind: rigid views or attachment - can help get rid of it. (Thus, the path of a Zen practitioner is both the opening of “one’s own” wisdom and not the closing of “their” wisdom. Rather, it is the removal of the false barrier between “my” wisdom and “their” wisdom.)
Many Zen masters argue that practice can be “gradual” or “sudden,” but awakening itself is always sudden—or rather, not gradual. It is simply throwing away what is unnecessary and seeing what is. Since it is simply dropping, it cannot be said to be achieved in any way. Or that there are “disciples” and “mentors” in this. Masters can transmit the Dharma teachings - that is, the ideas and methods of Zen. The Dharma of Mind, that is, the essence of enlightenment, is already present. She doesn't need any achievements.
So, the practice and teaching of Zen are aimed at: (1) calming the mind, (2) liberation from rigid views, (3) letting go of attachments. This makes it easier to see one’s own nature, which itself is beyond all practice and all paths.
In general, the same is true for other Buddhist traditions; This school - Zen - is aimed at maximum simplicity and flexibility of methods and concepts.)
Zen Buddhism denies the superiority of the intellect over pure experience, considering the latter together with intuition faithful assistants.
The main principles of Buddhism on which Zen is based:
The main difference between Zen and other branches of Buddhism
In Zen, the main attention on the path to achieving satori is paid not only (and not so much) to the Holy Scriptures and sutras, but to direct comprehension of reality based on intuitive insight into one’s own nature.
According to Zen, anyone can achieve satori.
Four Key Differences of Zen:
1. A special teaching without sacred texts.
2. Lack of unconditional authority of words and written signs.
3. Transmission by direct reference to reality - in a special way from heart to heart.
4. The need for awakening through awareness of one's own true nature.
Quotes:
“Do not create written teachings”
“Pass on the tradition without instructions”
"Point directly to human heart»
"Look into your nature and you will become a Buddha"
According to legend, the beginning of the Zen tradition was laid by the founder of Buddhism himself - Buddha Shakyamuni (5th century BC), who once raised a flower in front of his students and smiled (“Buddha’s Flower Sermon”).
No one, however, except one person - Mahakasyapa - understood the meaning of this gesture of the Buddha. Mahakashyapa answered the Buddha, also raising a flower and smiling. At that moment, he experienced awakening: the state of awakening was transmitted to him by the Buddha directly, without instructions in oral or written form.
One day Buddha stood before a crowd of people on Vulture Peak. All the people were waiting for him to start teaching awakening (dharma), but the Buddha was silent. Quite a long time had passed, and he had not yet uttered a single word; he had a flower in his hand. The eyes of all the people in the crowd were turned to him, but no one understood anything. Then one monk looked at Buddha with shining eyes and smiled. And the Buddha said: “I have the treasure of the vision of perfect Dharma, the magical spirit of nirvana, free from the impurity of reality, and I have transmitted this treasure to Mahakashyap.” This smiling monk turned out to be Mahakashyapa, one of the Buddha’s great disciples. The moment of Mahakashyapa's awakening happened when Buddha raised a flower above his head. The monk saw the flower for what it was and received the “seal of the heart,” to use Zen terminology. The Buddha transmitted his deep understanding from heart to heart. He took the seal of his heart and made an impression with it on the heart of Mahakasyapa. Mahakashyapa was awakened by the flower and his deep perception.
Thus, according to Zen, the tradition of direct (“heart to heart”) transmission of awakening from teacher to student began. In India, this is how awakening was passed on for twenty-eight generations of mentors from Mahakashyapa to Bodhidharma himself - the 28th patriarch of the Buddhist school of contemplation in India and the first patriarch of the Chan Buddhist school in China.
Bodhidharma said, “The Buddha directly transmitted Zen, which has nothing to do with the scriptures and doctrines you study.” So, according to Zen, the true meaning of Buddhism is comprehended only through intense self-contemplation - “look into your nature and you will become a Buddha” (and not through the study of doctrinal and philosophical texts), and also “from heart to heart” - thanks to the tradition of transmission from teacher to student.
To emphasize the principle of the immediacy of this transmission and to eradicate from students attachment to the letter, image, symbol, many Chan mentors of the early period demonstratively burned sutra texts and sacred images. One could not even talk about teaching Zen because it cannot be taught through symbols. Zen passes directly from master to student, from “mind to mind,” from “heart to heart.” Zen itself is a kind of “seal of the mind (heart)” that cannot be found in scriptures, since it is “not based on letters and words” - A special transmission of awakened consciousness from the heart of the teacher to the heart of the student without relying on written signs - transmission in a different way of what cannot be expressed by speech - “direct indication”, some non-verbal method of communication , without which the Buddhist experience could never pass from generation to generation.
Zen practitioners
Satori
Satori - “Enlightenment”, sudden awakening. Since all people inherently have the capacity for enlightenment, the task of the Zen practitioner is to realize it. Satori always comes suddenly, like a flash of lightning. Enlightenment knows no parts or divisions, so it cannot be perceived gradually.
The Japanese verb “satoru” (Japanese: 悟る) means “to be aware,” and awareness can only be achieved with the help of a certain “sixth sense,” which in Chan is called “no-mind” (wu-hsin). “No-mind” is an inactive consciousness that is not separated from the surrounding world. It is this kind of consciousness that is practiced in meditation, which is why meditation is so important in Zen Buddhism.
Awakening Methods
It is believed that compared to practical training “from heart to heart,” even the instructions of the Buddha himself play a secondary role in Zen Buddhism. For modern students, in addition to transmission from heart to heart, listening, reading, and thinking are also necessary. Direct methods of pointing in Zen are more effective than reading books, but do not imply a complete renunciation of reading.
For teaching, a master can use any methods, but the most widespread practices are zazen (seated meditation) and koan (a riddle parable that does not have a logical answer).
Zen is dominated by instantaneous, sudden awakening, which can sometimes be caused by specific techniques. The most famous of them is the koan. This is a kind of paradox, absurd for the ordinary mind, which, becoming an object of contemplation, seems to stimulate awakening.
Close to koans are dialogues (mondo) and self-questioning (huatou):
Some mentors stimulated awakening by suddenly shouting at the student or even hitting him on the head with a stick. But the main practice remained sitting meditation - zazen.
Along with traditional sitting meditation, many Zen schools practiced meditation while walking and while working. And all Zen monks necessarily engaged in physical labor, which was necessary during intense mental stress during the meditation process. The connection between Chan and the tradition of martial arts is also well known (starting from the first Chan monastery - Shaolin).
Thus, Zen became a system of training the mind (through meditation), the spirit (through daily practice), and the body (through the practice of gongfu and qigong).
The Zen teaching method has a strong emotional impact on the student, as well as experiencing all sorts of paradoxes. From a European point of view, this approach is sometimes downright cruel. It can only be understood within the framework of the Buddhist doctrine of indifference to life and death as such. The methods of training students in Zen Buddhism were widely borrowed from almost all types of martial arts of the East and had a profound influence on the development of samurai ethics in Japan
Meditation practice
Meditation and contemplation occupy the most important place in Zen Buddhism. Despite the differences in the approach to achieving satori in different schools of Zen, they all assign a vital role to meditation.
Zen does not accept extreme asceticism: human desires should not be suppressed. Essentially, everyday activities, what you like to do, can become meditation - but with one condition: to be completely present in what you are doing. And under no circumstances should you be distracted from this - be it work, a glass of beer, making love or sleeping until lunch.
Any hobby can become a way to understand your true nature. This turns life itself in every manifestation into a work of art. “In every person initially lives an artist - an “artist of life” - and this artist does not need any additional things: his arms and legs are his brushes, and the whole universe is the canvas on which he paints his life.” Each person is an artist of his own life and each has his own. The key is in the human soul.
A master of ink painting, having reached the highest meditative state of Zen consciousness, the state of Spirit, “poured” it onto canvas or paper. It is not the result itself that is important this lesson, but the state of consciousness reflected as a result of this process. Any ordinary activity is an effort for the sake of something. This is a kind of work. Zen, on the other hand, cleared this work as much as possible from the feeling of the effort of its accomplishment, maximally revealed the “spontaneity” of these efforts and, one might say, ultimately turned it into the paradox of “effort-without-effort.”
A true work of art in the Chan tradition cannot be created by labor in the truest sense of the term. The same applies to traditional sitting meditation, zazen. Sitting meditation is by no means a training in patience or anything else, but is essentially “sitting just like that.”
In general, the concept of “just like that,” “suchness” (tathata) of action is one of the basic concepts of Zen Buddhism. One of the names of Buddha in Buddhism: “Thus walking” (Tathagata) - one who comes and goes just like that. (
Zazen practice
Zazen - meditation in the “lotus position” - requires, on the one hand, extreme concentration of consciousness, and on the other, the ability not to think about any specific problem. “Just sit” and, without paying attention to any one thing in particular, perceive everything around you as a whole, down to the smallest details, knowing about their presence in the same way as you know about the presence of your own ears, without seeing them.
“The perfect man uses his mind like a mirror: he lacks nothing and rejects nothing. Perceives, but does not hold"
Instead of trying to clear or empty the mind, you just need to let it go, because the mind is not something that can be mastered. Letting go of the mind is the same as letting go of the flow of thoughts and impressions that come and go “in the mind.” There is no need to suppress them, or restrain them, or interfere with their progress. It is in zazen meditation that the action of the Taoist “wu-xin” - “no-mind” - is practiced.
Koans
Koans (Chinese 公案, gong'an, Japanese 公案, ko:an) are short stories telling about specific cases of achieving enlightenment, or alogism riddles, the main task of which is to awaken the mind of the listener. Koans often seem confusing and even paradoxical. However, they are widespread in the practice of Zen Buddhism, in conjunction with meditation. Koans were present in all schools of Chinese Buddhism such as Rinzai,
Stages of the Zen State of Mind
There were several stages of achieving “emptiness” of consciousness:
- “one-point consciousness” (i-nian-xin),
- “consciousness devoid of thoughts” (wu-nian-xin),
- “non-consciousness” (wu-xin) or “not-I” (u-vo).
These are the stages of “emptying” consciousness and achieving shunyata or kun (Chinese), that is, emptiness, because one of the goals of Chan art is to create special conditions when the psyche is left to itself and works spontaneously, being globally integral or transpersonal (in sense of co-existence or co-knowledge with other people and with the world).
Martial Arts Zen and Samurai Zen
Quite unexpectedly, the way to comprehend Buddhism became something that contradicts one of the five fundamental Buddhist prohibitions - “refrain from killing.” It was probably in China, where Buddhism underwent the liberating influence of Taoism, that Zen destroyed the conventional ethical framework of Buddhism and, as an effective psycho-training, first joined the military disciplines.
“Of all those gathered, only the closest disciple of Buddha Mahakashyap perceived the Teacher’s sign and smiled faintly in response from the corners of his eyes.” It is from this episode, recognized as canonical, that the entire tradition of transmitting the teachings of Chan/Zen grows with the help of the so-called. “tricks” - any available and, it would seem, the most inappropriate things for this, secular and other activities, such as brewing tea, theatrical performance, playing the flute, the art of ikebana, writing. The same goes for martial arts.
Martial arts were first combined with Zen as body-developing gymnastics, and then also as a way to strengthen the spirit of fearlessness - in the Chinese Buddhist monastery of Shaolin.
Since then, Zen is what distinguishes the martial art of the East from Western sports. Many outstanding masters of kendo (fencing), karate, judo, and aikido were adherents of Zen. This is due to the fact that the situation of a real fight, a fight in which severe injuries and death are possible, requires from a person precisely those qualities that Zen cultivates.
In a combat situation, a fighter has no time for reasoning; the situation changes so quickly that a logical analysis of the enemy’s actions and planning one’s own will inevitably lead to defeat. The mind is too slow to follow such a technical action as a blow that lasts a fraction of a second. A pure consciousness, unclouded by unnecessary thoughts, like a mirror, reflects any changes in the surrounding space and allows the fighter to react spontaneously, uncontrivedly. It is also very important during a fight to have no fear, like any other emotion.
Takuan Soho (1573-1644), a Zen master and author of treatises on the ancient Japanese art of swordsmanship (now preserved in the techniques of kendo), calls the calmness of a warrior who has achieved top level skill, unshakable wisdom. “You certainly see a sword about to strike you,” says Takuan. “But don’t let your mind stop there. Give up the intention of contacting the enemy in response to his threatening attack, stop making any plans in this regard. Just perceive the opponent’s movements and don’t let your mind “settle” on it.”
Martial arts China and Japan are, first of all, precisely the arts, a way of developing the “spiritual abilities of the samurai”, the implementation of the “Way” (“Tao” or “Do”) - the path of the warrior, the path of the sword, the path of the arrow. Bushido, the famous “Way of the Samurai” - a set of rules and norms for the “true”, “ideal” warrior, was developed in Japan for centuries and absorbed most of the provisions of Zen Buddhism, especially the ideas of strict self-control and indifference to death. Self-control and self-control were elevated to the rank of virtue and were considered valuable qualities of a samurai's character. In direct connection with bushido was also zazen meditation, which developed confidence and composure in the samurai in the face of death.
Zen ethics
Do not feel good or bad about something. Just be an observer (witness).

This article describes the basic rules, principles and philosophy of Zen Buddhism.

There are many branches of different religions. Each of them has its own schools and founders, teachers and traditions. One such teaching is Zen. What is its essence and what character traits? Find the answer to this and other questions in the article.

Zen teaching: direction of which religious philosophy?

Zen Teaching: Direction religious philosophy called Buddhism

Zen is an imprecise name for a religion that has undergone changes today, and it is not really a religion. At first this philosophy was called Zen. Translated from Japanese, Zen means: 禅; Skt. ध्यान dhyana, kit.禪 chan . This word is translated as, "think correctly".

"to focus internally on something" The Zen teaching is a branch of religious philosophy from the Buddha. It follows the Mahayana heritage, which originated in the Celestial Empire and after that became known throughout the world. Far East

What is Zen Buddhism: definition, main ideas, essence, rules, principles, philosophy

After the 12th century, the traditions of Japanese and Chinese Zen found their place in life separately from each other, but until today they have maintained unity and acquired their own characteristics. Japanese Zen is taught in several schools - Rinzai (Chinese: Linji), Soto (Chinese: Caodong) and Obaku (Chinese: Huangbo).

• The word Zen has its roots in the Sanskrit-Pali “dhyana/jhana” era.
• The Chinese used to pronounce "Zen" as "Chan".
• The Japanese pronounced “Zen” correctly, so the name and sound of this word have survived to this day.
• Now Zen is a popular philosophy and practice of Buddhist orientation.
• This philosophy is taught in Zen schools. There is also another official name for this religion - “Buddha’s Heart” or “Buddha’s Mind”. Both options are considered correct.

The main ideas and essence of Zen teaching are as follows:

• Zen is impossible to learn. Teachers only suggest ways through which the follower can achieve enlightenment.
• It is worth noting that the masters of this religion do not use “to achieve enlightenment” in their vocabulary.. It would be correct like this: “to gain insight and see your own “I””, to change yourself for the better.
• It is impossible to indicate one path for everyone, since each person is individual- with your own ideas about life positions, experiences and living conditions. A person must find his way in, without replacing consciousness by specially performing practical exercises or following ideas.
• Human language, images and words are meaningless. With their help it is impossible to achieve insight. This state will become accessible thanks to traditional Zen methodological instructions and even external stimuli - a sharp scream, a strong blow, and so on.

The principles of Zen Buddhism are based on four truths:

1. Life is suffering. When a person understands this, he will take everything for granted. People are imperfect and the world is not perfect. If you want to achieve Zen, then you have to accept it. Buddha recognized this and accepted it. He realized that a person has to go through a lot during life: suffering, illness, deprivation, unpleasant situations, grief, pain.

The following 3 truths lie in desires:

1. Desire for affection. The Buddha argued that the main cause of psycho-emotional disorder is attachment to one's desires. If we can’t get something, then life is not nice to us. But you shouldn’t get angry and irritated because of this, you need to accept it.
2. The end of suffering. If you get rid of attachment to desires and free yourself from torment, then the mind will be cleared of worries and worries. This state of mind is called nirvana in Sanskrit.
3. Walking the path to the end of suffering. Nirvana is easy to achieve if you lead a measured life. Follow the Eightfold Path, which represents self-improvement in your desires.

A teacher must see his own nature in order to teach this to his students. In addition, he must see the real state of the student. Only in this way can the master give good advice and directions to the awakening push.

Philosophy of Zen Buddhism consists of the doctrine of three poisons. It is because of them that all the troubles, torment and delusions appear in a person’s life. Such evils include the following:

• Man does not understand his nature- the mind is clouded, there is constant restlessness internal state and even stupidity appears.
• There is an aversion to specific situations, things- presentation of something as an independent evil, rigid views on life.
• Excessive affection- to something pleasant, clinging to unnecessary things in this life.

Therefore, the rules of Zen Buddhism are:

• Calm your mind. Be calmer, don’t get nervous over trifles, so that life can flow peacefully and smoothly.
• Free yourself from rigid views. Understand that man creates evil around himself with his own hands. If we look at life differently, then everything around us will change.
• Free yourself from attachment. Understand that little is good, otherwise life will lose its taste and bright colors. There should not be an unquenchable thirst for pleasant things. Everything good in moderation.

Students are given different advice, but such that they are understandable to a specific person. For example:

• Practice meditation to calm and calm your mind. At the same time, try and follow all the teacher’s advice.
• Don't try to achieve peace and enlightenment, but let go of everything that happens around you.

Followers of Zen practice do a lot of sitting meditation and do simple work. This could be growing some crops in the mountains or regular cleaning. The main goal is to calm your mind and unify your thoughts. Then the self-churning stops, the clouding of the mind disappears (Zen masters believe that modern people everyone's mind is clouded) and the restless state stabilizes. After enlightenment, it is easier to see your natural essence.

Japanese and Chinese Zen: are they the same thing?

Japanese or Chinese Zen

Japanese and Chinese Zen are one and the same, but with their own distinctive features.

Chan Buddhism is what the Chinese call the Zen religion.. Many followers at the beginning of their path cannot understand Chan Buddhism. It seems that this is something unattainable, irrational and even mystical. But Zen insight is endowed with universal characteristics.

Zen's influence on cultural heritage Japan makes us recognize this school as important and relevant in the study of the ideas of Zen Buddhism. It helps to reveal the ways of development of philosophy and thought.

Psychological aspects, psychotherapy of Zen Buddhism: practice

Psychotherapy of Zen Buddhism

To achieve satori, a person should not just sit under a Bo tree and wait for indulgence and enlightenment. A special relationship is built with the master and a specific system of procedures is carried out. Therefore it is important psychological aspects and Zen Buddhist psychotherapy to free the individual for spiritual development.

• Many psychologists use the principles of Zen Buddhism in their practice.
• A psychologist who is inspired by Zen ideas and is familiar with them first-hand is especially good.
• People are complex by nature. Someone has obsessive ideas of taking revenge on another person, another strives to get to the future faster or, conversely, is worried about what might happen, and the third is absorbed in his past.
• A person himself may repeat actions that cause him trouble, but in the subconscious and in words, he wants to break out of this circle.

Zen psychology shows that all these attachments and fixations interfere with living and experiencing the present. The real and correct Zen path will lead to enlightenment and a person’s correct awareness of existence.

Zen Buddhism as a philosophy and art of life: examples

Zen Buddhism - philosophy and art of life

The main goal of Zen Buddhism is to achieve enlightenment or satori. For Europeans, such a philosophy and art of life as Zen is something unattainable. But there is nothing supernatural in this teaching. These are ordinary skills that are honed to perfection by Zen masters.

Here are examples of such art of living:

A mentor talks to his student:

-Are you affirmed in the truth?
- Yes, master.
- What are you doing to educate yourself?
- I eat when I'm hungry and go to bed when I'm tired.
- But every person does this. It turns out that you don’t educate yourself, but live the same way as other people?
- No.
- Why?
- Because when eating food they are not busy eating, but are distracted by conversations and other foreign objects; when they rest, they do not fall asleep at all, but dream a lot and even experience emotions in their sleep. That's why they are not like me.

Explaining this example-parable, we can say that ordinary people experience constant fear and mixed feelings of self-doubt, and also live in an illusionary world, not the real one. People think they are tasting and feeling something rather than actually experiencing all the emotions.

Another example of Zen philosophy is revealed in another parable:

The master of this teaching tells about himself: “When I had not yet learned Zen, rivers were rivers for me, and mountains were mountains. With the first knowledge of Zen, rivers ceased to be rivers and mountains ceased to be mountains. When I fully comprehended the teaching and became a teacher myself, the rivers became rivers again, and the mountains became mountains.”

This is evidence that after enlightenment, what is here and now begins to be perceived differently. We take shadows for plausible things, and being in the dark at this time, it is impossible to know the light. For Zen, it is important that a person knows himself from the inside, and not with his mind. Zen must penetrate into the depths of the human soul and his being.

What does it mean to know Zen, the state of Zen, the inner Zen?

Among people you can hear: "I learned Zen". What does it mean to know Zen, the state of Zen, the inner Zen? It means: "a state of constant meditation" And "absolute unruffled mind". But if a person talks about this and even claims that he knows what Zen is, then he lives deceived. Learning the essence of Zen is given only to selected people, and the teachings of this philosophy are structured in such a way that a person will not talk about himself in such a way.

The Zen state is peace from within, a bright mind and soul. Zen within a person is equanimity. A person who has learned Zen cannot be thrown out of balance. In addition, he can independently help his opponent find inner peace.

How to achieve a Zen state?

Entering a state of Zen is not a game at all. The follower focuses on his everyday position in life. To achieve a state of zen, everything around you must be in alignment.

• Harmony in everything is the most important thing.
• You are confident and know that you can achieve it.
• All the problems around disappear, special energy fills the world. Something ideal appears that helps solve problems.
• Your skills match the tasks- everything works out harmoniously. For people who are familiar with sports, this moment is called “being in the zone.” In science, this process is called “flow.”
• You should feel like you're in a dream. In the “flow” time and consciousness are lost. You seem to dissolve in everything around you. It is easier for a child to enter a state of Zen, but for adults it is more difficult. They understand the definition of time. But little man with his unstable psyche it is more difficult to break back into transience, so for a child the Zen state can be dangerous.

When you get into a Zen state, you will realize that you don't need to plan anything. It is the habit of planning different plans“stifles” creativity in each of us. There is nothing more awakening and tonic than being in the “flow”, a specially created “zone” or “white moment” by your mind.

What is Zen meditation?

Zen meditation is a meditative relaxation technique from the Buddha. It is the most popular technique in the world - it is the heart of Buddhist teachings. The benefits of Zen meditation include the following:

• Teaching good concentration
• Possibility of self-knowledge
• Getting peace and joy
• Improved health
• Emergence of willpower
• Increasing internal energy

Warning: If you do everything right, an emotional storm will occur inside you. This condition can occur after several days or weeks of practice. Your suppressed emotions will rise up into consciousness. At this moment, it is important not to fight them, but to give them the opportunity to splash out. After this, peace, clarity of mind and joy will come.

Techniques for performing Zen meditation:

There are two main techniques of Zen meditation: intermediate and advanced:

Two Basic Zen Meditation Techniques

Advice: Don't try to realize the secret of Zen artificially. Don't get caught up in inhaling and exhaling. The most important thing will happen between these processes: the secrets of the Universe will be revealed, you will know yourself, and so on. Just meditate properly and everything will happen naturally.

What is the difference between Zen Buddhism and Buddhism: differences, differences, features

Regarding the understanding of Zen Buddhism, it is worth noting that if you try to understand, it will not be Zen Buddhism. A person must comprehend reality as it is. If we talk about the differences between Zen Buddhism and Buddhism, then there is no difference, since such practice is Buddhism. All Buddhist practices are divided into:

• Samathi- calming the mind and body, understanding peace and tranquility.
• Vipassana- allows you to observe the emergence of mental phenomena. A person discovers something new for himself in feelings, thoughts, emotions.

All Buddhist practices help the mind to get rid of suffering, free itself from wrong views, and cultivate a correct worldview. Zen simply helps to acquire important elements of correct thinking and lifestyle, eliminating the destruction of the mind. There is no need to follow the rules, it is important to understand the world order. In Buddhist practice there are no rules, assumptions, or hypotheses. If a person learns to comprehend Zen, he will get rid of delusions and will live in peace and tranquility.

Symbols of Zen Buddhism and their meaning: photo

Buddhism, like Zen Buddhism, has many different symbols. But in Zen the most important and significant is considered Enso- circle of enlightenment and freedom. This symbol of Zen Buddhism is made in the form of tattoos, painted on the walls of houses, especially in China and Japan, and interiors are decorated with its image.

Enso means enlightenment, strength, grace, emptiness, universe. The circle itself is continuous karmic rebirth, and the internal space is a sign of liberation from life’s hardships.

Zen Buddhism Symbol

This symbol can be depicted with a lotus flower inside, as evidence that a person has become whiter, more majestic and inseparable from nature - peaceful and calm.

Zen Buddhism symbols with lotus

Actually in a circle Enso You can depict symbols or even Buddha. It will still have the correct meaning of Zen - enlightenment, purification and peace.

Zen Buddhism Koans: Examples

Zen Buddhist koans are short narratives with questions and dialogues. They may not have logic, but they will be understandable to a person who wants to know Zen. The purpose of the koan is to create a psychological impulse for the student to understand and achieve enlightenment. This is a kind of parable, but the koan does not need to be translated or understood, it serves to understand the true reality.

Here are examples of koans:

Zen Buddhism Koans: Examples

Zen Buddhism Koan: An Example

Zen Buddhism Koan

Don't try to understand Zen Buddhism. It must be inside you, it is your true essence. Practice self-discipline, experience the joy of existence, believe, accept, and then you will be able to comprehend Zen and accept it into yourself.

Video: Conversation with Zen Master Jinen about truth and meditation

Buddhism is a religion that arose incredibly long ago. It is considered one of the oldest in the world. The origin of the religion occurred in the middle of the first millennium BC in India and immediately attracted numerous followers. Buddhism (books talk about the basic principles of the Buddha’s teachings, consider the role of man in the world and give much more useful information) preach great amount Human. Today there is such a thing as Zen Buddhism. In a broad concept, Zen is a school of mystical contemplation, and the teaching is based on Buddhist mysticism. Another branch of religion is Tibetan Buddhism, which is meditation techniques and practices combining the traditions of the Mahayana and Vajrayana schools. The truths of Tibetan Buddhism are focused on the transmission of Teachings based on rebirths famous people who practiced faith. If we consider Buddhism briefly (we can talk endlessly about religion and the process of its formation and development), then the religion appeared as a confrontation with the foundations of ancient India, which at that time was experiencing a serious cultural and economic crisis. The asceticism of Buddhism became a counterpoint to class changes. The history of Buddhism begins with its founder - Buddha Shakyamuni (in worldly life - Siddhartha Gautama). Buddhism - Wikipedia examines in detail the history of the formation of the religion - and today has a huge number of followers. Establish a connection with God!

Buddhism Center - where you can learn the basics of Buddhism

According to many, the center of Buddhism is located in India. After all, India (Buddhism as a religion appeared here) is traditionally considered the birthplace of the religion. If we talk about where the center of Buddhism is located in the country, then this is:
Bihar;
Kapilavast;
Royal Palace;
Sarnath.

The center of Buddhism in Tibet is located in the country's capital, Lhasa. This is the main place where all pilgrims strive to go in order to comprehend the truths of Buddhism.

The center of Buddhism in Thailand is, of course, Bangkok. This is where people flock to learn the truths of Buddhism. You can understand the basics of Buddhism without leaving the country. In Russia, there are many holy places for those who accepted the teachings of Buddha on the territory of Buryatia. The center of Buddhism can be found in St. Petersburg, on the shores of Lake Baikal and, of course, in Altai. It is here that Russians prefer to comprehend the truths of Buddhism

Philosophy of Buddhism

Buddhism is the main religion of many Asian countries. When choosing the path of Buddhism, it is worth knowing that it does not belong to a religion whose central figure is considered to be God, who created the world around man. The philosophy of Buddhism supports an idea different from other beliefs - there is no eternal soul, which subsequently atones for all sins committed during life. But no matter what a person does, everything comes back (the philosophy of Buddhism interprets the path of life this way). This will not be God's punishment, but the consequence of thoughts and actions that left an imprint on his personal karma. This is the essence of Buddhism, at least an important part of it.

The foundations of Buddhism, formed by the Buddha, are expressed in four postulates.

If we talk about Buddhism, then within the framework of the teaching, human life is suffering. Everything around us has no permanence, and everything that has arisen is subject to destruction. Fire becomes a symbol of existence, but it only carries suffering. These are the truths of Buddhism, calling to understand life differently.
The cause of suffering is desire. Attachment to the material world and its benefits makes one desire life. And what stronger desire live, the greater the suffering will be experienced.
There is only one way to save yourself from suffering - by giving up desires. And this is possible only upon achieving nirvana - a state that frees a person from desires and passions. This is the philosophy of Buddhism.
To achieve nirvana, one must follow the eightfold path of salvation.

The fundamentals of Buddhism in the form of the rules of the Eightfold Path of Salvation look very specific:
correct understanding of the world - you need to realize that the world around a person consists of sorrow and suffering;
correctness of intentions - you need to limit your own aspirations and desires;
right conversations - words should bring only good;
correctness of actions - you need to bring only good to people;
the right way of life - you need to live in such a way as not to harm living beings (this is the only way to save yourself from suffering, the teachings of Buddhism say);
the correctness of the efforts made - a person’s inner infusion should be focused on good deeds;
correctness of thoughts - the cause of all evil is the call of the flesh, and by getting rid of carnal desires, you can get rid of suffering (these are the teachings of Buddhism);
Constant Focus – The foundation of the Eightfold Path is constant training and focus.

These rules fully express the fundamentals of Buddhism. Completing the first two steps helps a person achieve wisdom. The following three help regulate morality and behavior. The remaining steps along the Eightfold Path of Salvation discipline the mind.

The essence of Buddhism

What is the essence of Buddhism? The main position of religion, and therefore the teachings of Buddhism, is the equivalence of being and compassion. The religion does not reject the assertion of Brahmanism about the transmigration of souls, but there are still some changes that reflect the essence of Buddhism. Buddhists consider reincarnation and all types of existence to be an inevitable evil and misfortune. The goal of a Buddhist is to end the chain of rebirth and achieve the state of nirvana, i.e. absolute nothingness. It is this desire that is the essence of Buddhism.
Today Buddhism is the main teaching of South and Southeast Asia. It is also found in America and Europe, where Buddhism is the main religion for a relatively limited number of people.
Major schools of Buddhism

The first followers who practiced the teachings of the Buddha during his lifetime renounced any property. Students were recognized by appearance- these were shaven-headed people dressed in yellow clothes who did not have a specific place of residence. And this was the path of Buddhism during the formation of the religion. After the death of the Buddha, the teaching was canonized. As the teachings existed, the schools of Buddhism known today developed.

There are three main schools of Buddhism, which were formed during different periods of the existence of the religion.
Hinayana. This school of Buddhism is characterized by an idealization of the monastic lifestyle. Only by renouncing the worldly can a person achieve nirvana (free himself from the chain of reincarnations). Everything that happens to a person in his life is the result of his thoughts and actions. This path of Buddhism, according to the Hinayana, was the only one for many years.
Mahayana. The teachings of this school of Buddhism teach that, just like a monk, a pious layman can also achieve Nirvana. It was in this school that the teaching of bodhisattvas appeared, helping people find the path to salvation. In this school, a renewed path of Buddhism is being formed. The concept of heaven arises, saints appear, images of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas appear.
Vajrayana. The teachings of this school of Buddhism are Tantric teachings, based on the principles of self-control and meditative practices.

The ideas of Buddhism are numerous and one can talk about Buddhism endlessly. But the main thing is to accept that human life is suffering. And the main goal of a follower of the teachings that support the ideas of Buddhism is to get rid of it (here it is not meant to commit suicide as the end of life’s journey, but to achieve nirvana - a state after which a person’s rebirth and return to life is impossible - like the path of Buddhism).

What is the difference between Buddhism and other beliefs?

When talking about Buddhism, it is worth noting that, unlike monotheistic religious movements, it does not:
one God the creator;
ideas about the creation of the world (the Universe has always existed);
the ever-living soul;
the possibility of atonement for sins committed during life;
unconditional faith in something;
devotion elevated to the rank of absoluteness;
religious organizations (the Buddhist sangha is always a community!);
the concept of heresy, since there is no single canon of text, as well as indisputable dogmas;
the only Universe, since the worlds in Buddhism are infinite and numerous.

The main difference between Buddhism and Christianity (and other faiths) is the absence of a mandatory renunciation of other religions. The only requirement is not to violate the foundation of Buddhism and its truths.

Buddhism - countries professing a religious direction are numerous - one of the oldest world religions. India - Buddhism, as a teaching, appeared here - today professes Hinduism.

Hinduism and Buddhism - differences in faith

But one should not assume that Hinduism and Buddhism are interchangeable. This is a deeply erroneous opinion. There are many significant differences in the teachings and the main ones can be called the following:
The highest goal of Hinduism is to break the chain of successive reincarnations and connect with the Absolute. Buddhists strive to achieve Nirvana (the state of supreme grace). This is the difference between Hinduism and Buddhism.
The next difference between Hinduism and Buddhism is their prevalence around the world. Hinduism is a religious movement practiced only in India. Buddhism is a religion beyond nationalities.
Casteism is typical of Hinduism, while Buddhism implements the concept of universal equality. And this is another direction that separates Hinduism and Buddhism.

Buddhism symbols

Humanity views Buddhism as one of the world religions. But, if you study belief in more detail, then it is more of a philosophy. That is why the gods of Buddhism and the symbols of Buddhism cannot be perceived as objects of cult worship. Because the symbols of Buddhism do not express faith in something divine, but a person’s worldview.

The symbols of Buddhism are numerous, but the main symbolism is considered to be the image of Buddha Shakyamuni, who gave rise to this religious movement. And although such veneration is to some extent reminiscent of the worship of a divine image, Buddha is a real man who sought and received enlightenment. The teachings of Buddhism use the image of Buddha as a symbol and living proof of human capabilities: every follower of the teachings can achieve enlightenment and this will not be a gift from the gods, but his own achievement.

The next, no less important Buddhist symbolism is the Jammachakra (Wheel of Law). Visually, this is a wheel with eight spokes. Its center is a point of awareness that studies the rays of truth.

It is worth noting that the symbols of Buddhism can be quite complex. Bhavacakra (Wheel of Life) is one of the most complex Buddhist symbols. On the surface of the wheel there are images of all the worlds that Buddhist mythology recognizes, as well as the states of man that accompany his path to achieving nirvana. The wheel clearly illustrates the teachings of Buddhism.

An important symbol of teaching becomes Orange color: It is this color that the rays emanating from a person are painted in when he reaches nirvana.

It is worth knowing that the considered symbols of Buddhism exist contrary to the precepts of the Buddha. Initially, there were no sacred images. But any religion needs visual expression, because that is human nature.

Gods of Buddhism

Buddhism is one of those few religious beliefs in which there are no gods in the usual Christian sense: here God is not considered as a supreme being who controls human life. The gods of Buddhism (devas) are the same people, but living in a different, more beautiful dimension. Another point in which the gods of Buddhism differ from humans is the presence of supernatural abilities and unlimited power, which allows the deities to fulfill any whim. But just like an ordinary person, a deva is obliged to follow the path of enlightenment, overcoming all obstacles.

There is no creator of the universe, as such, in the Buddhist religion. It is believed that the Universe is infinite. But the “expansion” of the existing world and the creation of new dimensions (worlds in Buddhism, according to teaching, are numerous), are carried out by special beings - bodhisattvas. These are not the gods of Buddhism, if we consider them within the framework of a religious understanding, but at the same time they are at the very top of the hierarchical divine ladder. This is explained by the fact that having achieved nirvana, bodhisattvas abandoned it, sacrificing their enlightenment to the well-being of other beings. And following the path of Buddhism can help everyone - man or god - to become a Bodhisattva.

Rites of Buddhism

The rituals of Buddhism are numerous. Below are just a few of the main ones.
The rituals of Buddhism are very non-standard. For example, taking refuge is one of the main Buddhist rituals. It is believed that it is after its completion that a person sets off on the path of searching for truth. In addition, the ritual is seen as the acceptance of the basic values ​​of the teaching: recognition of the Buddha as a Teacher, one’s own transformation and unity with other people.
Vesak holiday. Buddhists bring gifts. Day and night passes in meditative practices
The rituals of Buddhism include Buddhist New Year. On New Year's Eve, Buddhists empty the house of all unnecessary things by undergoing a cleansing ritual - Gutor. The holiday is spent in prayers that continue until the morning. After completion - six o'clock in the morning - the parishioners are congratulated and everyone goes home. Special attention Buddhist rituals focus on the death and burial of a person.

Buddhism: where to start your path?

Buddhism for beginners should be considered as an understanding of the basics of the religion and the basic beliefs of its followers. And if you are ready to completely reconsider your life, then you can join the Buddhist community.

From the merger Vedic And Taoist spiritual flows, a unique flow was born, distinguished by extraordinary liveliness, naturalness, beauty and paradoxicality - Zen (Chan)-Buddhism. Another (official) name is Buddha's Heart(whale. Fo Xin); can also be translated as Buddha Mind. Zen determined in the system spiritual teachings like the current in Buddhism traditions Mahayana, brought to China by the monk Bodhidharma, who came from India, and became widespread in the Far East (Vietnam, China, Korea, Japan). Bodhidharma settled in a monastery Shaolin, considered today the cradle of Chinese Chan Buddhism. Historically, Zen is the result of the development of two ancient cultures: China and India, and it is more Chinese than Indian in character. Zen (Japanese "meditation") is a creative state, the highest flowering, purity and constant elation of spirit, it is continuous meditation. Follows from Taoism, according to which the basis of world order is Tao (true path). The task of the Zen student is to find this path and strictly follow it, for the Zen man, wherever he goes, always moves towards his goal. To the Higher Self, To To the Source of Being, to the source of saturation.

From the 12th century, Zen spread to Japan and received a truly creative development. Subsequently, the traditions of Japanese Zen and Chinese Chan developed largely independently - and now, while maintaining a single essence, they have acquired their own characteristic features. Japanese Zen is represented by several schools - Rinzai(whale. Linji), Soto(whale. Caodong) And Obaku(whale. Huangbo).

Zen is not a religion, a philosophy, or a science; does not imply belief in the existence of any god; does not deal with the problem of the existence of God and, according to D.T. Suzuki, Zen is neither theistic nor atheistic. Zen does not seek the meaning of life, it is practical, it only describes the conditions for the existence of suffering and indicates a way to overcome it. The central idea of ​​Zen is simple and amazing: every being has the nature of an awakened one. Buddha, the purpose of life is to know this nature, to know one’s own true nature and, therefore, to know oneself.

Zen is related Taoism, Vedanta And yoga. It is surprisingly in tune with modern psychotherapy And psychoanalysis, Famous psychoanalyst And philosopher E. Fromm in his book “Zen Buddhism and Psychoanalysis” he wrote: "...Zen is the art of immersion in the essence of human existence; it is the path leading from slavery to freedom; Zen releases the natural energy of man; it protects man from madness and deformation of himself; it encourages man to realize his abilities to love and be happy."

Zen Buddhism practices direct (without anything unnatural or external) coming into contact with one’s inner world, that is, spiritual self-development based on the inclusion of the potential of the individual’s mental activity in the process of systematic training of the mind. It is natural that many people are not ready or interested in spiritual practice. But even if there is no formed intentions by practicing Zen as a spiritual discipline, you can bring a sense of Zen into your daily life to become much freer and happier.

The two main types of regular Zen practice are sitting meditation ( zazen) and simple physical labor. They are aimed at calming and unifying the mind. When the mind becomes calm, ignorance and worry decrease. Then, in clear silence, the practitioner is able to see his own nature. However, sitting meditation is not a training in patience or anything else, but is essentially “sitting just like that.”

In general, the concept of “just like that”, “suchness” ( tathata) action is one of the basic concepts of Zen Buddhism. One of the names of Buddha in Buddhism: “Thus Coming” ( Tathagata) - someone who comes and goes just like that.

Zazen — meditation V lotus position“requires, on the one hand, the utmost concentration of consciousness, on the other, the ability not to think about any specific problem. “Just sit” and, without paying attention to any one thing in particular, perceive everything around you as a whole, down to the smallest detail, knowing about their presence in the same way as you know about the presence of your own ears without seeing them.

It is believed that Zen cannot be taught. You can only indicate the direction of the path to achieve personal enlightenment ( satori) kensho. All people initially have the capacity for enlightenment; the task of a Zen practitioner is only to realize it. Enlightenment always comes suddenly, like a flash of lightning; it knows no parts or divisions, so it cannot be perceived gradually. The Japanese verb "satoru" (Japanese??) means "to realize", and one can only realize with the help of a certain "sixth sense", which in Chan is called "no-mind" (wu-xin).

"No-mind" is an inactive consciousness that is not separated from the surrounding world. It is this kind of consciousness that is practiced in meditation, which is why meditation is so important in Zen Buddhism. There is no such thing as enlightenment that one can have. That's why zen masters ("masters") more often they say not “to achieve enlightenment”, but “to see one’s own nature.” Enlightenment is not a state. It is a way of seeing. The path to seeing one’s own nature is different for everyone, since everyone is in their own conditions, with their own baggage of experience and ideas. Therefore, they say that in Zen there is no specific path, there is no one specific entrance. These words should also help the practitioner not to replace his awareness with the mechanical execution of some practice or idea.

According to general Buddhist ideas, there are three root poisons from which all suffering and delusion arise:

• ignorance of one's nature (cloudness of mind, dullness, confusion, restlessness);
• disgust (to the “unpleasant”, the idea of ​​something as an independent “evil”, generally rigid views);
• attachment (to something pleasant - unquenchable thirst, clinging).

Therefore, awakening is promoted by:

• calming the mind;
• liberation from rigid views;
• liberation from attachments.

In Zen, the main focus on the path to achieving satori is not only (and not so much) scriptures, And sutras, but to direct comprehension of reality based on intuitive penetration into one’s own nature ( meditation). According to Zen, any person can achieve satori already in this incarnation, emerging from the endless cycle of birth and death ( samsara). There is an expression in Zen: " Samsara is nirvana", which expresses this idea about the attainability of enlightenment in any incarnation.

Four Key Differences of Zen:

1. A special teaching without sacred texts.
2. Lack of unconditional authority of words and written signs.
3. Transmission by direct reference to reality - in a special way from heart to heart.
4. The need to awaken through awareness of one's own true nature.

Many early Chan teachers demonstratively burned sutra texts and sacred images in order to eradicate attachment to a letter, image, or symbol in their students. One could not even talk about teaching Zen because it cannot be taught through symbols. According to tradition, this is a special transmission of the awakened consciousness from the heart of the teacher to the heart of the student without relying on written signs - the transmission in a different way of what cannot be expressed by speech - "direct instruction", some non-verbal method of communication, without which the Buddhist experience could never pass from generation to generation. Zen itself is a certain " seal of the mind (heart)", which is not found in the scriptures because it is "not based on letters and words."

Unique textual phenomena of Zen are koans: parables-riddles that do not have a logical answer. This is a kind of paradox, absurd for the ordinary mind, which, having become an object of contemplation, seems to stimulate awakening, removes the mind of the listener from the balance of habitual, everyday logic and makes it possible to realize higher values ​​(see. "101 Zen Stories"", "Bones and Flesh of Zen" and etc.).

Zen does not accept extreme asceticism: human desires should not be suppressed, but deeply realized. In fact, daily activities, things you enjoy doing, can become meditation - but with one condition: to be completely present in what you are doing. And under no circumstances should you be distracted from this - be it work, a glass of beer, making love or sleeping until lunch. Any hobby can be a way to understand your true nature. This turns life itself in every manifestation into a work of art.

The entire Zen tradition is built on the transmission of teachings using various “tricks”: any available and, it would seem, the most inappropriate things for this, secular and other activities, such as brewing tea ( tea ceremonies), theater performance, flute playing, art ikebana, composition. The same applies to martial arts. Martial arts were first combined with Zen in the Chinese Buddhist monastery of Shaolin as gymnastics to develop the body, and then also as a way to strengthen the spirit of fearlessness. Martial arts of the East are precisely arts, a way of developing “spiritual abilities” samurai", implementation of the "Path" (" Tao" or " before"), paths of war, swords, arrows. Bushido, the famous “Way of the Samurai” - a set of rules and norms for the “true”, “ideal” warrior was developed in Japan over centuries and incorporated most of the tenets of Zen Buddhism, especially the ideas of strict self-control and indifference to death. In a combat situation, a warrior has no time for reasoning; the situation changes so quickly that a logical analysis of the enemy’s actions and planning one’s own will inevitably lead to defeat. The mind is too slow to follow such a technical action as a blow that lasts a fraction of a second. A pure consciousness, unclouded by unnecessary thoughts, like a mirror, reflects any changes in the surrounding space and allows the fighter to react spontaneously, uncontrivedly. It is also very important during a fight to have no fear, like any other emotion.

Zen ethics- not to treat something either good or bad. Just be an observer, a witness.

Zen aesthetics includes a number of separate areas: rock garden; Iaijutsu and kenjutsu(sword arts) ; kyudo(archery) ; calligraphy; tea ceremony, etc.

The influence of Zen is difficult to overestimate modern culture filled with Zen philosophy (literature, art, cinema). The principles of Zen are reflected in the works of G. Hesse, J. Salinger, J. Kerouac, R. Zelazny, in the poetry of G. Snyder and A. Ginsberg, in the painting of W. Van Gogh and A. Matisse, in the music of G. Mahler and J. Cage, in the philosophy of A. Schweitzer, in works on psychology K.G. cabin boy And E. Fromm and many, many others. In the 60s The "Zen boom" swept many American universities and gave a certain color to the beatnik movement.

Many people have been influenced by Zen psychotherapeutic schools- such as gestalt therapy and the founder himself Fritz Perls, also known trainings such as ECT. John Enright, who worked in Gestalt with Perls for many years, in his book “Gestalt Leading to Enlightenment” directly wrote that he considers the main goal of Gestalt therapy to be mini-satori - the achievement of a special insight or catharsis, after which most old problems dissolve.

A person does a lot in his life unconsciously, automatically. It’s as if he’s not living, but sleeping. You need to be attentive to every action, every moment of this life, be able to concentrate in the moment “here and now” and observe. This observation reveals the true beauty of the world. Life turns into something meaningful, unique and infinitely beautiful. Anyone can meditate. All you need is desire. Correct Meditation gives at least an amazing feeling of lightness, clarity, peace and heightened senses. Anyone who really decided to reveal the deepest secrets of life will need diligence and patience...