00:00 RT completes the online broadcast of the single voting day. Thank you for being with us. Continue to follow the news on our website.

23:55 The RT broadcast is coming to an end. We present to you the brightest moments of the election campaign: someone sang, someone recalled Hollywood films, someone bet on cats.

23:48 RT correspondent Egor Piskunov sums up the results of the single voting day.

23:40 Latest figures at the moment: after counting 18.14% of protocols " United Russia"receives 49.22% of the votes, LDPR - 15.92%, Communist Party of the Russian Federation - 15.46%, " Just Russia"- 6.49%.

23:25 “A Just Russia” recognizes the results of the State Duma elections, said party leader Sergei Mironov. “In general, the elections to the State Duma of the seventh convocation took place; A Just Russia has no reason to question the results as a whole,” he noted.

23:01 According to the Central Election Commission, after counting 12.26% of the protocols of precinct election commissions, United Russia is in the lead in 144 single-mandate constituencies, A Just Russia in six, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Liberal Democratic Party in four constituencies each.

22:49 Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin was pleased with the result of the elections, but the leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Gennady Zyuganov believes that his party was missing 8-10% of the votes due to twin parties, among which he named the “Party of Pensioners” and “Communists of Russia”. This was reported by TASS and RIA Novosti agencies.

22:30 According to Pamfilova, during the elections only one observer in Russia was removed from the polling station by court decision. This happened in the Sverdlovsk region, the citizen was drunk.

22:05 Video of speeches by Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev at the headquarters of United Russia.

21:56 The head of the Central Election Commission, Ella Pamfilova, said that the elections to the State Duma were legitimate. “There is already complete confidence that the elections are being held quite legitimately. We have done a lot for this,” TASS quotes Pamfilova as saying.

21:48 The results of the State Duma elections showed that society votes for political stability, Vladimir Putin noted. “The situation is not easy, people feel it and want society to political system there was stability,” the Russian President said during a speech at the United Russia election headquarters.

21:42 Latest election data, according to the CEC.

21:35 Speaking at the headquarters of the United Russia party, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev announced its victory in the elections to the State Duma of the seventh convocation.

21:25 “The result is good,” Vladimir Putin commented on the results achieved by the United Russia party in the elections. The Russian President summed up the voting results while speaking at the United Russia headquarters.

21:17 Fund public opinion provides the following exit poll figures: United Russia is in the lead, gaining 48.7% of the vote, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation - 16.3%, the Liberal Democratic Party - 14.2%, A Just Russia - 7.6%. According to the FOM, Yabloko gained 3.1%, the Pensioners Party - 1.9%, Rodina - 1.8%, Communists of Russia - 1.5%, the Growth Party - 1.4%, PARNAS - 1.0%, the Greens - 0.7%, Patriots of Russia - 0.6%, Civil Platform - 0.2%, Civil Force - 0.1% of votes.

21:08 According to exit polls, four parties are entering the State Duma. It is noted that United Russia is gaining 44.5% of the votes, LDPR - 15.3%, Communist Party of the Russian Federation - 14.9%, A Just Russia - 8.1%. “Communists of Russia” gain 2.87% of the votes, Russian Party Pensioners for Justice - 2.19%, Rodina - 1.42%, Yabloko - 1.37%, Growth Party - 1.12%, Greens - 0.82, Parnas - 0, 70%, “Patriots of Russia” - 0.69%, “Civil Platform” - 0.30%. The last place is currently occupied by “Civil Force” - 0.14%.

21:00 The Central Election Commission announced the preliminary results of the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation. RT broadcast live.

21:00 Polling stations were closed throughout Russia. The last to vote were residents of the Kaliningrad region, the westernmost region of the country.

20:52 The US State Department has not yet commented on the attempts Ukrainian nationalists prevent Russians from voting in elections in
State Duma in the building of the Russian Embassy in Kyiv.

“Today we cannot provide anything. Perhaps tomorrow, when the voting is over,” TASS quotes the department’s statement.

20:32 Voter turnout in the parliamentary elections at 18.00 Moscow time was below 50% in all regions of central Russia except Belgorod region, RIA Novosti reports with reference to regional election commissions. In all 16 regions of the Central District, turnout is lower than in the previous elections in 2011.

20:26 According to data provided by the Russian embassy in Kyiv, 369 Russian citizens voted in Ukraine.

20:17 The Moscow City Election Commission has identified 16 cases of issuing two ballots to people voting using absentee certificates. TASS reports this with reference to the chairman of the election commission Valentin Gorbunov.

“There were signals, they checked, this concerned the fact that for absentee ballots in a number of polling stations, voters were given two ballots. All signals were verified using video surveillance, and 16 such cases were identified,” Gorbunov said.

20:00 Polling stations have closed in all regions of Russia (except for the Kaliningrad region).

19:57 Deputy Head of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs Alexander Gorovoy said that the department recorded facts of ballot stuffing at polling stations in the Rostov region.

“Together with our colleagues from the Investigative Committee, we are documenting facts of stuffing at polling stations No. 1958 and No. 1749, where facts of ballot stuffing were documented by means of objective control,” TASS quotes Gorovoy as saying.

19:49 Regional election commissions reported that turnout in Crimea and Sevastopol at 18:00 Moscow time exceeded 40%, TASS reports.

19:45 In Moscow they are beginning to prepare for the closure of polling stations.

19:35 The Moscow City Election Commission reports that as of 18:00 the voter turnout was 28.62%, RIA Novosti reports.

19:27 First Deputy Head Alexander Gorovoy said that the department is checking reports of stuffing at polling stations in the Rostov region.

19:13 The head of the Central Election Commission, Ella Pamfilova, reported that as of 18:00 Moscow time the turnout was 39.37%.

19:12 Political parties are to blame for the low voter turnout at polling stations in Moscow, said IPCC Chairman Valentin Gorbunov.

“I think that political parties that do not work actively enough with their voters are mainly to blame for such a turnout,” the Moscow agency quotes Gorbunov as saying.

19:00 The Central Election Commission reports that as of 17:00 Moscow time, the maximum turnout was recorded in the following regions: Kemerovo region -78.96%, Tyumen region -74.3%, Chechnya -72.16%.

The minimum turnout was recorded in: Moscow region - 21.73%, Moscow - 19.86%, St. Petersburg - 16.12%.

18:56 Russian military personnel serving in Syria voted in the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation. A polling station was opened at the Khmeimim air base. Military personnel from the base, support units, the Center for Reconciliation of Warring Parties in Syria and civilian personnel took part in the voting.

18:44 The head of the Public Headquarters for Observing Elections in Moscow, Alexey Venediktov, asks to cancel the results of municipal elections in one of the polling stations in the Shchukino district due to violations.

18:41 At one of the polling stations in Omsk, a citizen came to cast his vote in an Iron Man suit.

18:19 An inspection is underway at one of the polling stations in Moscow after a report of mining. This was reported by the Chairman of the Moscow City Election Commission Valentin Gorbunov.

18:00 Deputy Chairman of the Russian Central Election Commission Nikolai Bulaev said that at 15:00 the voter turnout in the elections was 33%, TASS reports.

17:48 Meanwhile, colleagues from the English-language television channel RT have prepared a story for their viewers telling them exactly why today is important.

17:36 Chairman of the Election Commission of the Sverdlovsk Region Valery Chainikov said that administrative liability awaits Pokémon catchers at polling stations.

“An attempt to catch a Pokemon is a violation of public order, obstructing the work of the election commission, Article 5.69 of the Administrative Code. Police officers know this. One of us tried to catch him, he was taken away,” TASS quoted the chairman of the commission as saying.

17:20 Member of the Dagestan election commission Samir Abdulkhalikov said that the commission is checking messages that appeared earlier on social networks about ballot stuffing.

“In general, elections in Dagestan are proceeding calmly. Information about mass stuffing of ballots, which was published on various social networks, is being verified by us. We received one complaint from representatives communist party regarding violations on the territory of one of the polling stations in the city of Makhachkala. Naturally, we will look into this issue. Not a single appeal will be left without consideration,” RIA Novosti quotes a comment from a member of the republic’s election commission.

16:55 At a polling station in the Uvelsky district in Chelyabinsk region an unknown person opened fire.

“According to preliminary data, the shooting occurred in the Uvelsky district. There were no casualties. As a result of the shooting, the glass only broke,” TASS quoted a source in the region’s law enforcement agencies as saying.

16:51 Ukrainian law enforcement officers drew up protocols on administrative offenses in regarding three people detained at the Russian Embassy in Kyiv, and then all three were released.

16:40 The Russian Consulate General in Odessa is again blocking access to the diplomatic mission building, preventing voting Russians from getting inside.

“About 10-15 people are again not allowing Russian citizens into the territory of the consulate. The voting process is still blocked,” TASS quoted a representative of the diplomatic mission as saying.

16:34 Another RT correspondent voted at polling station 1274 on Stromynka Street. According to him, there were few people at the site. But in addition to the table with pies, there is also a tray with children's books. Our correspondents considered this site to be the most “open” - the voting booths here were without curtains.

16:25 Meanwhile, an RT correspondent told how he voted at polling station 2765, located in the capital’s Shuvalovsky gymnasium in the west of Moscow. He claims that there is a real sell-out here: elderly, young, and middle-aged voters. At the entrance to the building you are greeted by the pleasant smell of fresh baked goods, on the “delicious tables” - pies with meat - for 40 rubles and with potatoes - for 30. Hot tea is poured for 5 rubles.

16:10 Russia's Permanent Representative to the OSCE, Alexander Lukashevich, said that Moscow is waiting for a report on attacks on Russian polling stations in Ukraine.

15:49 Deputy head of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation Nikolai Bulaev said that the department is preparing a request to the Ministry of Internal Affairs demanding that materials with exit poll data be removed from social networks.

“The law prohibits it within 5 days before voting day, as well as on voting day. The legal department of the rapid response group, having analyzed what is available, will prepare a request to the Ministry of Internal Affairs in this regard with a statement to the author of the posted material, and a demand has been sent to remove this material, delete it where it is currently posted,” RIA Novosti quotes the words Bulaeva.

15:32 The Russian Embassy in Ukraine reports that in total about 100 Russians voted at the polling station in Kyiv.

15:20 Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for Altai region does not comment on reports of possible violations during voting in the State Duma elections.

“For now we will leave this issue without comment, information will be available later,” RIA Novosti quoted the department as saying.

15:12 The Central Election Commission claims that those reporting about “carousels” during voting are “trying to attract additional attention to themselves”—the facts of violations have not yet been confirmed. Deputy Chairman of the Central Election Commission of Russia Nikolai Bulaev stated this in an interview with RT.

15:08 The chairman of the election commission of the Rostov region, Sergei Yusov, told Ella Pamfilova that a possible attempt at ballot stuffing was being investigated at one of the polling stations.

14:55 However, we will not limit ourselves to news from Moscow and Kyiv - after all, elections are taking place throughout Russia. In Magas, for example, the head of Ingushetia, Yunus-bek Yevkurov, voted today. Evkurov entrusted his children, Itar, Ramazan, Dali and Magomed, with putting the ballots into the ballot box.

14:30 Many of the Russians who came to the Russian Embassy in Kyiv for the State Duma elections leave without voting. An RT correspondent reports this from the scene.

14:26 112 Ukraine reports that Kyiv police detained a man who beat a Russian at a polling station in the embassy.

14:22 The head of the Central Election Commission, Ella Pamfilova, voted in the elections of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the 7th convocation, RIA Novosti reports.

14:12 The press service of the Svoboda party reported that in Kyiv, while trying to block the Russian embassy and a polling station, its deputy Vladimir Nazarenko was detained, 112 Ukraine reports.

14:09 Ukrainian radicals shout to Russian voters through megaphones that each of them is an “accomplice to the crime” and “blood will be on their hands,” an RT correspondent in Russian reports from the scene.

14:05 Ambassador-at-Large of the Russian Foreign Ministry Andrei Nesterenko said that Ukraine promised to take additional measures to protect the Russian polling station in Kyiv.

13:54 TASS's interlocutor denied the information that there were two attackers.

13:47 A citizen who threatened to detonate a bomb at a polling station was taken to the police department for investigation, TASS reports. According to the agency, a dummy bomb was confiscated from the detainee. No explosive devices were found on him. The polling station is operating as usual.

13:35 The second provocateur, according to preliminary data, barricaded himself inside a polling station in Armenian Lane in the center of Moscow.

13:28 Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin said that one of the provocateurs who threatened to explode at the polling station has been detained.

Thanks to the police officers. At the 10th polling station, a provocateur who threatened an explosion was quickly and professionally detained

— Sergei Sobyanin (@MosSobyanin) September 18, 2016

13:10 “According to preliminary information, an unknown man entered the polling station in Armenian Lane and threatens with explosion“,” RIA Novosti quotes a source in Moscow law enforcement agencies as saying.

13:03 A man with a suspected explosive device entered a polling station in the center of Moscow.

12:57 Russian President Vladimir Putin voted in the elections to the State Duma of the country.

• RIA News

12:51 The only Russian on the International Space Station, Anatoly Ivanishin, voted in the elections of deputies to the State Duma. Voting was carried out through a proxy, deputy commander of the cosmonaut corps Oleg Kononenko.

12:42 Representatives of the Right Sector ( extremist organization, banned in the Russian Federation) tried to disrupt the voting in the elections to the Russian State Duma in Odessa.

According to RIA Novosti, the radicals did not allow two people into the consulate, blocking their passage. After a small scuffle, police detained two people.

12:37 The entrance to the Russian Embassy in Kyiv is still blocked. An RT correspondent reports this from the scene in Russian. One of the provocateurs was detained.

• Reuters

12:28 A Russian who came to vote in the State Duma elections was beaten near the Russian Embassy in Kyiv. An RT correspondent reports this from the scene in Russian.

12:12 Ukrainian Minister Georgy Tuka said that criminal cases will be opened against the organizers of voting in the elections to the Russian State Duma in Crimea, the 112 Ukraine TV channel reports.

12:03 In the Kamchatka Territory and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, polling stations have closed for elections to the State Duma of Russia, and vote counting has begun.

12:00 Ella Pamfilova said that claims for libel could be filed against the authors of statements about “carousels” with absentee ballots, which allegedly take place in today’s voting, RIA Novosti reports.

The Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation, Tatyana Moskalkova, also confirmed that no violations were recorded in the Moscow region.

11:45 One of the men kept a large dog on a leash and did not allow voters who intended to vote in the elections to the Russian State Duma into the building.

11:37 Three people, including a deputy Verkhovna Rada from the Svoboda faction Igor Miroshnichenko, blocked the entrance to the Russian Embassy in Kyiv

11:23 The leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Gennady Zyuganov voted at polling station No. 142, while the Leader of the A Just Russia party Sergei Mironov voted at polling station No. 73 in Moscow, RIA Novosti reports.

11:12 Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin and the special representative of the Russian President on environmental issues, ecology and transport Sergei Ivanov voted at polling station No. 90 in Moscow school No. 87, RIA Novosti reports.

11:08 Deputy Chairman of the Central Election Commission Nikolai Bulaev reported on turnout of more than 10% of voters as of 11:00 Moscow time.

10:50 Ella Pamfilova called on Russian citizens to come to the polling stations

“Dear citizens of Russia, come! The choice is wide - 14 parties,” RIA Novosti quotes the head of the Central Election Commission.

10:36 Rashid Temrezov was elected head of Karachay-Cherkessia.

10:35 The Chechen Election Commission reports that approximately 18% of voters have voted in the elections so far, TASS reports.

10:26 Ella Pamfilova, commenting, said that elections in the region could be cancelled.

“To avoid any speculation, we are now looking into the situation that has developed in the Altai Territory. I received all the information directly. If those facts... are confirmed, we will take the most serious measures, even if there are grounds, we will initiate criminal cases and consider the advisability of canceling the elections “,” RIA Novosti quotes Pamfilova as saying.

10:22 Let us remind you that elections to the lower house of parliament are held according to a mixed system. 225 deputies will be elected according to party lists and another 225 will be elected under the majoritarian system.

10:15 The head of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation, Ella Pamfilova, said that a criminal case could be opened regarding violations during voting in the Altai Territory, RIA Novosti reports.

10:13 The parties "United Russia", the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Liberal Democratic Party announced that they would hold a press conference on the results of the elections at the TASS agency on Monday, September 19.

9:51 At the same time, in North Ossetia, the parliament elected Vyacheslav Bitarov to the post of head of the republic.

9:37 RIA Novosti reports that the chairman of the LDPR party Vladimir Zhirinovsky I have already voted in the elections to the State Duma of Russia at the polling station on Matveevskaya Street in Moscow. The politician declined to comment.

9:29 The Russian diplomatic mission in the United States reports that voting in the elections to the Russian State Duma in the United States will take place at 13 polling stations: eight of them will be specially opened in cities where there are no Russian diplomatic missions or consulates.

9:26 TASS reports that Yabloko candidate Vladimir Ryzhkov announced impending falsifications in the 39th Barnaul electoral district.

“I learned that a so-called “cruise voting” scheme is being prepared in Barnaul,” the agency’s policy quotes the words.

• Broadcasting images from surveillance cameras installed at polling stations on a monitor in the Central Election Commission on a single voting day.
• RIA News

9:23 The head of the election commission of the Republic of Crimea, Mikhail Malyshev, said that all polling stations have opened on the territory of the peninsula. Elections to the lower house of the Russian parliament are being held in Crimea for the first time.

“1,207 polling stations have been established on the territory of the Republic of Crimea. They all opened on time. The situation is calm,” RIA Novosti quotes the functionary.

8:51 The Russian Consulate General in Odessa told RIA Novosti that voting on the territory of the diplomatic mission was proceeding without incident.

On September 18, a single voting day took place in Russia, Russians elected deputies to the State Duma according to party lists and single-mandate constituencies, as well as deputies to local government bodies. Turnout in this year's elections was a record low; based on the results of processing 93% of ballots, it was 47.81%. Rain looked into the voting results.

What happened to the State Duma

• Only four parties were able to enter the State Duma - United Russia (54.42% of the votes), the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (13.52% of the votes), LDPR (13.28% of the votes) and A Just Russia (6.17% of the votes). The LDPR almost managed to overtake the communists; the party had a chance to take a place higher than third for the first time since 1995. “A Just Russia” experienced a large drop in the number of votes cast for the party in these elections: against the backdrop of protest activity in 2011, it gained 13.24%. United Russia received a little more than 49% of the votes in the last elections.
• As a result of the voting, United Russia received 343 mandates (140 on party lists and 203 in single-mandate constituencies) and a constitutional majority in the State Duma. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation will have 42 mandates (34 on party lists, seven on single-mandate), the LDPR will have 39 mandates (34 on party lists and 5 on single-mandate), and A Just Russia will have 23 mandates (16 on party lists, seven on single-mandate). For comparison, according to the results of the elections in 2011, United Russia received 238 mandates.
• According to the law, those parties that receive 3% of the votes receive budget funding in the amount of 110 rubles, multiplied by the number of votes cast for this party. In 2011, such a party was Yabloko, the party was entitled to almost 248 million rubles. In these elections, the party was unable to repeat the previous result and received only 1.85% of the votes. The closest result to the three percent barrier was for “Communists of Russia” - 2.35% of the votes. According to the results of the draw at the Central Election Commission, they took second place in the ballot with a similar name and almost identical emblem to the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, which could have brought them additional votes.
• Well-known opposition candidates were never able to get into the State Duma. Dmitry Gudkov, who ran for Yabloko in Moscow in the Tushinsky district, could not beat the leader, Gennady Onishchenko. Lev Shlosberg, who also ran from Yabloko, but in the Pskov district, did not even make it into the top three. Maria Baronova, who, with the support of Mikhail Khodorkovsky, ran for the Central District of Moscow, also did not make it into the top three. Her main competitor, Andrey Zubov from PARNAS, took third place in the district.

Reports of violations

• Pamfilova called these elections the most transparent, but there were reports of violations. On the map of the “Voice” movement, for example, more than 400 messages are indicated in Moscow, in St. Petersburg and Samara - more than 200, in Saratov - almost 100. The Investigative Committee has already investigated the fact of election fraud at a polling station in Rostov-on-Don, and in Dagestan there is even one of the sites.

Single-member districts

• “United Russia” won in 203 single-mandate constituencies out of 225. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation and “A Just Russia” won seven each, and the LDPR won in five constituencies. “Civic Platform” and “Rodina” each had one victory in single-member constituencies. In most cases, parties did not face competition from United Russia.
• In 18 single-mandate constituencies, United Russia did not field strong candidates. The heads of key committees and her supporters from other parties remained. United Russia vacated two seats for small parties: the leaders of Rodina and Civic Platform, Alexei Zhuravlev and Rifat Shaikhutdinov. In Adygea, Vladislav Reznik decided to run not from United Russia, but as a self-nominated candidate after the Spanish prosecutor's office put him on the international wanted list on suspicion of involvement in organized crime.

Regional elections

• Elections to 39 regional parliaments were also held on a single voting day. Most of them will have four parliamentary parties, but in some regions other political forces have also entered the legislative assemblies. Members of Yabloko entered the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg and the Pskov region. Also, the “Growth Party” entered the St. Petersburg Legislative Assembly.
• The heads of the region were also elected on September 18. In all regions, the governors who were the acting heads of the subjects won. In the Chechen region, Ramzan Kadyrov won a preliminary victory, in Tula region- former presidential security guard Alexey Dyumin. In Komi, Sergei Gaplikov won, in the Tver region - a native of the special services Igor Rudenya, in the Ulyanovsk region - Sergei Morozov, in Tuva - Sholban Kara-ool, in the Trans-Baikal Territory - Natalya Zhdanova.

Photo: Kirill Kallinikov / RIA Novosti

Elections are difficult and incomprehensible, first of all, for the voter. Understanding how the electoral system works in a particular country is worth a lot. For clarity, of course, it doesn’t hurt to read the Constitution: as experience shows, most people are not even familiar with its first Article, which talks about the fundamentals of the political system. But Russia is “a democratic federal legal state with a republican form of government.” The most fertile ground for holding elections. So we vote: now for the governor, now for the mayor, now for the president. Now - for the deputies.

Each country has its own authorities, which, as a rule, are determined by the state Constitution. In our country, in accordance with Article 11, the following stand out: “President Russian Federation, Federal Assembly (Federation Council and State Duma), Government of the Russian Federation, courts of the Russian Federation.”

The President is the head of state and Supreme Commander-in-Chief. Government - executive branch. The Federal Assembly, or parliament, is a representative and legislative body. Parliament in the Russian Federation “consists of two chambers”: State Duma and Federation Council. The lower house (Duma) passes laws, and the upper house (Federation Council) approves them. Moreover, 14 days are given for approval, after which the law is approved automatically. In this sense, the lower house becomes the main authority, while in the adoption of laws the upper chamber essentially performs a formal function. Nothing is known about unapproved laws.

Based on popular elections, only the State Duma (of 450 people) is formed, and the Federation Council “includes two representatives from each subject of the Russian Federation: one from the representative and executive bodies state power."
Residents of the Russian Federation who have reached the age of 21 can run for the Duma. The restrictions are the same as everywhere else: not a convicted person, not held in prison, not a citizen of a foreign state, etc.

Elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation were held six times, respectively, in modern history Russia had six convocations of Dumas: in 1993, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011. As you can see, each convocation of the Duma met for four years, except for the first, which was stipulated in the new (at that time) Constitution, and except for the last, the powers which ends a year later, in 2016. This is a New Year’s gift to deputies on December 30, 2008, when Medvedev approved amendments to Article 96 of the Constitution, which allowed members of the 6th convocation to sit in the Duma for five years, i.e. a year more. At the same time, Article 81 was also “amended”, so that the term of office of Putin (and subsequent presidents, if there are any) is six years, instead of four.

In fact, five constitutional parliamentary years turned into four years and eight months. The sixth convocation was elected on December 4, 2011, but for some reason we elect the deputies of the seventh convocation in September. It’s simple: they changed the date (the proposal was put forward by Zhirinovsky), once again spitting on the Constitution, and on the Constitution, the amendments to which about five years instead of four were adopted by themselves. The government’s arguments in favor of postponing the elections are boring and disgusting to read, so I’ll just say that the law was eventually passed, and everyone signed it except the representatives of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, i.e. representatives of three other parties that passed the 7% threshold in the elections: “United Russia”, “A Just Russia” and the Liberal Democratic Party. The most interesting thing is that the deputies of the 6th convocation will continue fund until December 4, i.e. before the official date of termination of their powers. Therefore, in addition to spending on newly elected deputies, an additional 713 million rubles will have to be allocated from the budget if the seventh convocation turns out to be completely renewed (that is, without members of the sixth convocation).

In addition to the date change, this election differs from previous ones in several other ways. One of the most important is the type of electoral system used. There are three in total possible options, each of which would be useful to describe:

1. Majoritarian system. The most understandable, since to be elected you need to get a majority of votes in a single-mandate constituency. The entire country is divided into these districts, each of them covering the same number of voters. There may be several candidates from a particular district, but only one is elected (that’s why the district is single-member). The majority of votes can be: relative, when it is necessary to “overtake” rivals, and it does not matter by what percentage; absolute (simple), when you need to get 50% and 1 more vote, and if necessary, a second round is held (where a relative system can be used); and qualified (constitutional), when the required majority is agreed upon in advance (for example, ¾ of all voters), as opposed to a simple majority.
A similar system applies to voting in the State Duma. One of the parties may have a parliamentary majority: absolute, if it owns more than 50% of parliamentary mandates, and relative, if there are less than half of the mandates, but more than that of individual parties. In addition, a party may have a constitutional majority, which will allow it to amend the Constitution. In the 6th Duma, no party had a constitutional majority (2/3 of the size of the chamber), so in order to postpone the same election date, the LDPR (which put forward the law) “had” to enlist the support of other parties. The Duma of the fifth convocation was “controlled” by United Russia, which allowed it to easily introduce amendments to increase the term of office of deputies and the president.

2. Proportional system. A single federal district is formed from the electoral districts, covering the territory of the entire country. Voters vote not for candidates, but for a party that has passed the percentage threshold, or more precisely, for its federal list of candidates, which excludes the possibility of self-nomination. Thus, the number of mandates for one party proportionally votes received. The mandates received by the party are distributed among party members in accordance with the party list adopted at the party congress, which includes the federal part and regional groups.
The ballot, as a rule, indicates the first three candidates from the federal part and each group (in reality, of course, there are more candidates). The federal part consists of the “elite” of the party, its head or the most media persons and cannot include more than 10 people (looking ahead, let’s say that United Russia generally included one person: in 2007 Putin, and in 2011 Medvedev). They are guaranteed to receive mandates if the party passes a certain threshold. The remaining mandates are distributed among regional groups (their number depends on the administrative-territorial structure of the country), which is quite logical: the distribution occurs from top to bottom, and regional party members inevitably lose popularity to those in the capital, so with a single list they would have much less chance of getting into Duma. In addition, with a single list, the likelihood of “paid” places increases.

3. Mixed system. It is also called proportional-majority; this is a combination of features of both systems: half of the candidates are elected according to party lists, the other runs from single-member districts. Of course, some changes are being made to the size of the federal list, the number of regional groups is being reduced, and so on.

It was the latter option that was used in the elections to the State Duma of the first four convocations (1993, 1995, 1999, 2003), after which it was replaced by a proportional system (elections to the Duma of the fifth (2007) and sixth (2011) convocations).

In February 2014, President signed a law on returning to a mixed system with a 5% entry threshold (for the elections of the seventh convocation), so that now one half of the Duma will be elected from candidates in single-mandate constituencies (relative majority), and the other from candidates from federal lists of parties, and in the lists they can be duplicated by the same “single-mandate seats” (Article 39 Federal Law No. 20-FZ). The number of single-mandate constituencies is equal to the number of required deputies (225). Accordingly, opportunities for self-promotion arise. In addition, political parties can nominate non-party members, which also worked under the proportional system. This was the case with Putin in 2007, who topped the United Russia list without being a member of its ranks, thereby ensuring popular support for one party (which is why the party received a constitutional majority). According to Article 97 of the Constitution, deputies cannot be in public service, so popular candidates (like Putin) who hold any positions serve as “locomotives” for the parties, and after the elections they renounce their mandates. This makes it possible to increase the party’s popularity in elections and “push through” lesser-known candidates from the federal list, to whom mandates may go.

The elections to the Duma of the 7th convocation were also preceded by the liberalization of legislation on political parties in April 2012, after the “case of the Republican Party of Russia against Russia” (the wording of the ECHR) and mass protests under the slogan “For fair elections!” Now, to create a party, the signatures of 500 people are required, and not 40 thousand, as before. As a result, 74 parties alone have the right to participate in the September 18 elections, while only seven parties were on the ballot for the 2011 elections. With the return of the mixed electoral system, the collection of signatures to submit a list of candidates for some parties was recognized as optional (for example, if more than 3% voted for them in the previous elections). This June, the Central Election Commission determined that signatures were not needed for 14 parties, and Required documents 22 games were passed. Thus, eight of them had to find at least 200 thousand potential voters by August 3, under one condition: 7,000 signatures from one subject of the federation. Self-nominated candidates – 3% of voters single-mandate constituency. If the district has less than 100 thousand voters, then 500 signatures are sufficient.

All these changes did not in any way affect the capabilities of the Duma. And there are many of them: the appointment and resignation of the Commissioner for Human Rights, the chairmen of the Central Bank and the Accounts Chamber; initiating presidential impeachment proceedings and declaring an amnesty; expression of a vote of no confidence in the government and approval of the chairman of the new government.

By the way, about the vote: the President of Russia is considering it. He dissolves the government or does not agree with the arguments of the deputies. In the case of the latter, the chamber can put forward a second vote, but if it does this within three months after the first, then the president either dissolves the government or has already dissolved the Duma itself. This minimizes the likelihood of a repeat of 1993.

It is no secret that the importance of the State Duma has recently decreased noticeably, at least from the point of view of lobbying, or rather, the lack thereof. If the legislative body decides practically nothing, then it is pointless to try to advance one’s interests there without first coordinating with those whose interests the chamber represents in the first place. The new convocation has two options: leave everything as it is, according to the principle “don’t touch it, it will fall apart,” or try to change something, make parliament at least a little independent. Changes in the electoral system show that not everything is so hopeless. On the other hand, they could well be a skillfully applied regulator of public sentiment. We will find out very soon which of this is true.

For assistance in preparing the material, many thanks to Vitaly Averin, an expert of the “Voice” movement.

The Center for Scientific Political Thought and Ideology (Sulakshin Center) carried out a mathematical reconstruction of the true, scientifically based voting results.

Mathematics provides a way to prove not only the fact of falsification, but also its scale, nature and organization of the management of the process of falsification, and, in addition, allows us to reconstruct the true voting results; the results both in terms of turnout and the number of votes actually received by parties and candidates, how the traces of mass violations were “covered up.”

I.Analysis methodology

The initial data for the analysis are data officially published on the website of the Russian Central Election Commission for all more than 95,000 polling stations.

The methodology for identifying the truth of elections is based on the following principles.

If the distribution deviates from the Gaussoid, it means that interference in the elections occurred (Fig. 2).

State Duma elections 2016 (party list)

Fig. 2 The deviation from the Gaussoid in favor of the candidates (parties) from power - “United Russia” is shaded in black. The ratio of the black area under the curve and the white area under the Gaussian gives the falsification coefficient

Citizens' preferences for different parties or candidates in “fair” elections do not depend on turnout. If a Gaussian “honest” cloud of votes is visible, but with increasing turnouts, an increase in votes in favor of the candidate and party in power and a drop in votes for the opposition, then this is clearly falsification, which is clearly seen in the example of the 2016 elections in the Penza region (Fig. 3).

Fig.3 The honest “cloud” of the opposition is higher than the “cloud” of the United Russia party. The rest was thrown in and attributed to the benefit of the United Russia party and to the loss of the opposition

If in many polling stations in the region the result of the party in power is the same to within hundredths of a percent, then this means that the command was given to “get” just such a result. This is especially clearly visible in the Saratov region for the United Russia party in 100 polling stations - the result is 62.15%.

If the falsification coefficients for the regions of Russia coincide with statistical accuracy both for the falsification of results for the party list and for majoritarian districts, then this proves centralized x the nature of falsification management.

II. The scale of fraud in the 2016 State Duma elections

The official results of the September 18, 2016 elections to the State Duma, published by the Russian Central Election Commission, are as follows.

The turnout according to the Russian Central Election Commission was 47.88%.

Based on the mathematical reconstruction methodology outlined above, we will analyze the voting results in the elections of the State Duma of the Russian Federation on September 18, 2016 and identify their real results.

As can be seen from the above data, the Gaussian “cloud” for both voting on party lists and in majoritarian constituencies indicates that the “fair” turnout of real voting is 35%, but not 47.88% recorded by the Russian Central Election Commission.

Thus, based on the scientific methodology of mathematical reconstruction of the analysis of voting results in the elections of the State Duma of the Russian Federation on September 18, 2016 first conclusion is this: in the organic Gaussian vote cloud, the average turnout was 35% for both types of voting. Increase in official turnout to 47.88%, recorded by the Russian Central Election Commission, is unreliable and is the result of falsifications, which is clearly visible on the right wing of the Gaussian distribution, which goes beyond the boundaries of the pure Gaussian curve.

Second . From Fig. 4 - the results of voting by party lists and Fig. 5 - the results of voting by majoritarian districts, it is clear that in an organic Gaussian cloud, that is, in a truly fair election, the United Russia party received fewer votes than the opposition.

Third . On the right wing of the voting results for party lists and majoritarian districts (see Figures 4 and 5), clear unambiguous signs of falsification are visible - “spikes” in turnout multiples of 5% and 10%. A particularly outstanding “spike” - 95% turnout is recorded for the United Russia party.

Fourth . The left wing of the organic Gaussoid is clearly visible at small turnouts, and this makes it possible to reproduce the right wing symmetrically. From here it becomes possible to calculate the true number of “honest” votes cast in the elections, and the number of votes attributed or falsified.

Let's evaluate the election results for the United Russia party by simply comparing the areas under the bell curves and the falsified long right wing. The assessment results are shown in Table 1.

Assessing the true outcome for the United Russia party

The coincidence of falsification coefficients for party lists and majoritarian elections for the United Russia party is not accidental. This indicates that the falsification campaign was under unified control and with common goal. The same tasks were set - “bars” for the result.

Instead of 343 seats in the State Duma, according to the official total, the real total for the United Russia party is 134 seats.

The falsified 209 mandates transferred to the United Russia party are actually in a state of “seizure of power and appropriation of power,” which is prohibited by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Code of Russia.

In Fig. Figure 6 clearly shows how much the United Russia party lost to the opposition in both types of voting in a more or less adequate turnout area.

Rice. 6. In reality, United Russia lost to the opposition

As can be seen from the figures shown. 6 data, in the area of ​​unfalsified results, the United Russia party lost to the opposition by about a third of parliamentary seats. A complete falsified bacchanalia for the United Russia party to the detriment of the opposition parties is observed in the right wing of the chart.

The next pattern that helps to reveal falsification is the law of independence of the electorate’s preference for a particular candidate from turnout (Fig. 7).

Rice. 7. It is theoretically clear that voter preferences should not depend on turnout

If the distribution has a positive angle deviation from the horizontal (from left to right up), then this indicates falsification in the form of votes being added. If there is a deviation from the horizontal to the minus (from left to right down) - then this is falsification on the contrary in the form of theft of votes.

This methodological approach allows us to identify the amount of falsification in voting for parties and their candidates in all subjects of the Federation.

A quantitative measure of the degree of falsification is determined by the slope of the distribution curve - the falsification coefficient. If it is positive, then this is falsification in favor of the corresponding party or candidate, votes are attributed to him. If it is negative, then, on the contrary, it is falsification at a loss; in this case, votes are stolen.

In Fig. 8 (Voronezh region) shows a typical and almost standard form of curves, which is reproduced in almost all subjects of the Federation. Each point on these diagrams is the number of votes for a particular party or candidate at a particular precinct. In all subjects of the Federation, with rare exceptions, the winner (the United Russia party) has a deviation of “+”, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is both the main oppositionist and the rest opposition parties- deviation in “-”. Dense organic clouds with a small scatter are observed (Fig. 8), i.e., a low level of dispersion. And the second, elongated cloud, which has a very high level variances. It will soon be seen that one of the “clouds” corresponds to true results, and the second - falsified ones.

Fig.8. A typical picture of fraud in favor of the United Russia party and the taking of votes from other parties. Angles of deviation from horizontal – falsification coefficient

This example for the Voronezh region shows a typical picture. The right “tails” of the distributions for United Russia, being falsified, are always directed to the right and upward. For the opposition, the direction is always the opposite “right-down”.

The Report contains data on falsification in favor of the United Russia party and the taking away of votes from other parties in all subjects of the Russian Federation.

The distribution of the falsification coefficient across the subjects of the Federation (comparative data) for voting on the party list and in majoritarian districts is shown in Fig. 9.

Fig.9. Fraud rate for the United Russia party for all subjects of the federation for majoritarian elections and for the party list

From the nature of the curves it is clear that the falsifications were synchronized both on the United Russia party list and on its candidates in majoritarian districts. The correlation coefficient of the curves is very high - it was 0.86!

We especially emphasize that the average coefficient of falsifications in favor of candidates and parties in power in 2016 was 1.9 times higher than in 2011.

III. Mechanism of election fraud

The voting results during the 2016 elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation were falsified in several ways: the stuffing of false ballots; drawing up false protocols; fraud with the absentee mechanism; fraud with fake voters (the so-called carousel); fraud committed by a group of persons by prior conspiracy or by an organized group, combined with bribery, coercion, the use of violence or the threat of its use; threats to teachers and other poor souls in precinct election commissions with dismissal in the event of a low result in the elections of the government's favorites.

The facts of falsification are evidenced by numerous video evidence, personal testimony of eyewitnesses, photos and videos of ballot stuffing at many polling stations by members and even chairmen of election commissions.

In fair elections, citizens' preferences do not depend on turnout: that is, the ratio of the number of votes for one party to the number of votes for another, votes for one candidate to votes for another does not depend on turnout. In the direct exit pool conducted by VTsIOM, which cannot be suspected of being in opposition to the authorities and the Russian Central Election Commission, there is no dependence on turnout at the exit from polling stations!

The figures above show that up to a turnout of 47%, the United Russia party is seriously losing to the opposition. But starting with a turnout of 47%, the opposite is true. And the higher the turnout, the more the United Russia party begins to “win” against the opposition. Moreover, the curves practically coincide for voting on the party list and in majoritarian districts. It is important that in the turnout range of 25-40%, which corresponds to the organic cloud of “honest” voting, the attitude really does not depend on turnout. This means that the data here can be relatively trusted. In this range, the United Russia party lost to the opposition by 1.42 times. The average turnout in this range is 32.5%.

For this turnout, the number of voters who voted in the elections is 35,690 thousand people. The true ratio of votes for the United Russia party and the entire aggregate opposition revealed above (1.42 times) allows us to obtain the true absolute number of votes for the United Russia party and the corresponding result (percentage). It turns out that the United Russia party actually received 14,750 thousand votes. Officially, the Russian Central Election Commission announced 28,525 thousand votes for the United Russia party. And this corresponds to 54.28%. And the true result is 27.9%.

Results of reconstruction of the true election results

As a result, we come to the conclusion that the United Russia party was supported by just over 13% of all registered voters and less than 10% of the country’s population. The counterfeiters illegally increased its result by more than 1.5 times! More than 200 people came to the State Duma of the Russian Federation to “work” on the basis of illegally assigned powers of power! In other words, there was an illegal seizure of power!

Meanwhile, in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Article 3.Part 4. it is stated that “no one has the right to appropriate power in the Russian Federation. Seizure of power or appropriation of power is prosecuted under federal law - the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

In particular, Article 278 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - Forcible seizure of power or forcible retention of power - states that “actions aimed at the forcible seizure of power or forcible retention of power in violation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation ... are punishable by imprisonment for a term of twelve to twenty years.. ."

Falsification of elections of the federal government body of the State Duma of the Russian Federation is also part of a criminal offense. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Article 142. Falsification of election documents, referendum documents.

"1. Falsification of election documents ... if this act is committed by a member of the election commission ... is punishable by a fine in the amount of one hundred thousand to three hundred thousand rubles or in the amount wages or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to two years, or forced labor for a term of up to four years, or imprisonment for the same period….

2. Forgery of voter signatures, ... or certification of knowingly forged signatures (signature sheets), committed by a group of persons by prior conspiracy or by an organized group, or combined with bribery, coercion, the use of violence or the threat of its use, ... is punishable by a fine in the amount of two hundred thousand to five hundred thousand...or forced labor for a term of up to three years, or imprisonment for the same term...

3. Illegal production of... ballots..., absentee certificates is punishable by a fine in the amount of two hundred thousand to five hundred thousand rubles... or imprisonment for a term of 2 to 5 years.”

Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Article 142.1. Falsification of voting results. “The inclusion of uncounted ballots among the ballots used in voting, or the deliberate submission of incorrect information about voters, or the deliberately incorrect compilation of voter lists, ... or falsification of voter signatures, ... or the replacement of valid ballots with voter marks, leading to the inability to determine the will of voters, ... or deliberately incorrect counting of votes, ... or signing by members of the election commission ... of a protocol on voting results before counting votes or establishing voting results, or deliberately incorrect (not corresponding to the actual voting results) drawing up a protocol on voting results, or illegal entry into the protocol on voting results changes after its completion, or deliberately incorrect determination of voting results, determination of election results... - is punishable by a fine in the amount of two hundred thousand to five hundred thousand rubles... or forced labor for a term of up to four years, or imprisonment for the same term.”

Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Article 141. Obstruction of the exercise of electoral rights or the work of election commissions.

« 1. Obstructing a citizen’s free exercise of his electoral rights, violating the secrecy of voting, ... obstructing the work of election commissions, ... the activities of a member of an election commission, ... - is punishable by a fine of up to eighty thousand rubles ... or ... correctional labor for up to one year.

2. The same acts:

a) connected with bribery, deception, coercion, use of violence or the threat of its use;

b) committed by a person using his official position;

c) committed by a group of persons by prior conspiracy or by an organized group - is punishable by a fine in the amount of one hundred thousand to three hundred thousand... or imprisonment for a term of up to five years.

3. Interference, through the use of official or official position, in the exercise by an election commission ... of its powers, ... with the aim of influencing its decisions, namely, a demand or instruction of an official on the issues of registration of candidates, lists of candidates, counting votes ... is punishable by a fine of two hundred thousand to five hundred thousand... or imprisonment for a term of up to four years.”

IY. conclusions

1.The official turnout of 48%, recorded by the Russian Central Election Commission, is unreliable and does not exceed 35% for both party list voting and majoritarian constituencies, or The turnout recorded by the Russian Central Election Commission was falsified and inflated by 1.45 times.

2. During the voting, the United Russia party actually received not 54% of the party list, as recorded by the Russian Central Election Commission, but 27.9% of the number of voters, or 13.2% of the number of registered voters and less than 10% of the country’s population . Counterfeiters illegally increased its result by more than 1.5 times.

3. Instead of 343 seats in the State Duma of the Russian Federation, according to the official total, the real total for the United Russia party is 134 seats.

The falsified 209 mandates transferred to the United Russia party are actually in a state of “seizure of power and appropriation of power,” which is prohibited by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Code of Russia.

General conclusion : a scientifically based analysis of the election process on September 18, 2016 indicates that the elections to the State Duma were held with gross violations, massive falsifications and are subject to cancellation, and State Duma 2016 isillegal.

The saddest thing about this problem is that only certain individuals are actively fighting against gross violations, falsification, scandalous elections, such as T. Yurasova in Mytishchi, S. Posokhov in Krasnogorsk, R. Zinatullin in Tatarstan and a number of others, but not the opposition parties LDPR, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, A Just Russia, which were “robbed” during the election process and the only media outlet – Novaya Gazeta.

Meanwhile, it is the factions of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Liberal Democratic Party, A Just Russia in the State Duma of the Russian Federation that could bring to the meeting of the State Duma of the Russian Federation the issue of gross violations and massive fraud in the elections of September 18, 2016 with the aim of making a political decision - self-dissolution illegal State Duma of the Russian Federation and an appeal to the President of the Russian Federation as the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation to call new elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation.

Massive violations and falsification during the 2016 State Duma elections affect a significant number of citizens and have acquired special socio-political significance. In this regard, within the framework of its powers, the Central Election Commission of Russia has the right to appeal to the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for the protection of the electoral rights of the majority of citizens, as well as to the Prosecutor General's Office and the Investigative Committee of Russia to take measures prosecutorial response and initiating a criminal case upon the commission of crimes provided for in Articles 141, 142, 142.1, 278 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, identifying those responsible for violating the current legislation.

With sincere respect (Yu. Voronin)

Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor,

Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic -

Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the TASSR (1988-1990);

First Deputy Chairman of the Supreme

Council of the Russian Federation (1991-1993); State Duma deputy

(second convocation); auditor of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation.

On March 18, the next, seventh in the history of our country, popular election of the head of state took place in Russia. Next major elections federal significance(unless, of course, during this time something extraordinary happens to the newly elected president and early re-elections are not necessary) there will have to be elections to the lower house of the Russian parliament - the State Duma. Many people are already wondering when these elections will take place, so we give brief information about them. Elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation - in what year will the next elections to the Russian parliament take place, is it possible now to talk about the prospects of its composition.

How are elections to the State Duma held and when were the last elections held?

State Duma in modern Russia(let’s leave the experience of a century ago alone) appeared 25 years ago, in 1993, with the adoption of the Constitution that is still in force today. The first elections to it were held on December 12, 1993. Initially, the term of office of the Duma was four years, but the Constitution contained a special amendment regarding the first composition of the Duma - its term of office was two years and expired at the end of 1995.

The two-year term of office of the first composition of the modern Duma did not appear by chance. There were several reasons for this, one of them was that the authors of the Constitution considered it desirable for the Duma to be elected shortly before the next presidential election. Thus, firstly, it was possible six months before the election of the head of state to objectively understand the mood of the people, and this is a plus for all participants in the presidential election. Secondly, president-elect understood what kind of parliament he would have to work with throughout his entire term.

So in December 1995 the second composition of the Duma was elected, and in the summer of 1996 presidential elections were held.

The term of office of both the State Duma and the President of Russia, according to the original text of the Constitution, was four years. Elections always took place almost simultaneously.

In 2008, the first serious amendments in its history were made to the Constitution, and the term of office of the State Duma and the President of Russia was extended. Moreover, for the State Duma the term was increased by a year, and for the head of state by two years - to six years.

Explaining this step Russian authorities talked about the desire to move away from the situation that the Constitution originally provided for. If in the early 1990s it was convenient for parliamentary elections and elections of the head of state to take place simultaneously, 15 years later it was decided that this would lead to excessive politicization of society and it would be better if these elections were spaced out in time relative to each other as much as possible .

The last State Duma elections in Russia took place in September 2016. Currently, the seventh convocation of the modern State Duma is working, and this is the second convocation, the term of office of which is five years.

When will the next State Duma elections be in Russia?

Thus, the next elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation will have to be held V September 2021 when the term of office of the current Duma expires.

Of course, elections in 2021 will be held if the seventh composition of the Duma is completed. Purely theoretically, according to the Constitution, the Duma can terminate its powers early if the president dissolves it. The Constitution gives the head of state this right in the following cases:

• if the State Duma three times rejects the candidacy of the Chairman of the Government (Prime Minister), which is submitted for approval by the president;
• if the State Duma expresses no confidence in the Russian Government twice within three months.

It is clear that such situations in the conditions of modern Russia are pure fantasy. Even in the 1990s, when the State Duma was truly independent and oppositional, it never came to the point of being dissolved by the president; all conflicts were resolved one way or another without extreme measures. Now, when the Duma is absolutely obedient to the Presidential Administration, there is even less doubt that its next composition will complete the remainder of its term of office. We can say with complete confidence that the next elections to the State Duma will be held in 2021, in September.

What could be the next composition of the State Duma?

It is quite pointless to talk about the personal composition of the future Duma, which will be elected in the fall of 2021. There are 3.5 years left before these elections, and during this time the political situation in Russia may change very noticeably.

Even if we imagine the most conservative picture and assume that the same parties that are present in it today will enter the Duma, we should not forget about what age the leaders of some parties will be in 2021.

Thus, the head of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Gennady Zyuganov will be 77 years old in 2021 (and by the end of the term of office of this Duma - 82). The leader of the LDPR, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, will be 75 years old in 2021, and 80 years old by the end of the term of office of the eighth convocation of the Duma. Even the relatively young Sergei Mironov, who heads the A Just Russia faction, will be 68 years old in 2021, and 73 years old by 2026.

It is obvious that, at least at the level of leaders of parties traditionally elected to parliament, we will have to face serious changes.

It is also not a fact that the Presidential Administration will be able to form the most loyal and obedient Duma in 2021. A lot can change in 3.5 years, and now we can only guess which political forces will have enough weight in society to get into parliament in 2021.